查询词典 in-law

So, detailed legislative provisions of the "interpretation" on how to apply a law or how to apply a law to a particular kind of cases or issues are as same as the legislative "regulation" aiming at legislative blank are actually lawmaking, and the Supreme People's Court should not do them; reform judicial interpretation of "reply" and make it be apt to legal comprehension and application; absorb judge-made law reasonable factors and endow the typical cases of the Supreme People's Court with judicial interpretative effect.

因此，对某一法律或者对某一类案件、某一类问题如何适用法律的立法条文式的细化性&解释&和针对立法空白直接做出的立法性&规定&，其实质仍是一种立法活动，最高人民法院应当取消；改革&批复&形式的司法解释，使之更倾向于对法律的理解与适用，而不是案件结果的处理；吸收判例法的合理因素，赋予最高人民法院的典型案例以司法解释的效力。

But the revised criminal law is too rigid in the amount of the fine and the execution of the fine that restricted the rationality of fine punishment and the feasibility of execution to a certain degree, which results in the difficulties of execution of the law, vain judgment and low rate of the execution of the law.

但是修订后的刑法在罚金刑的数额、罚金刑的执行等方面规定过于原则，在一定程度上制约着罚金刑的科学性和执行的可行性，导致司法实践中出现了罚金刑执行难，空判多，执结率低等现象。

Charpter three expounds kants philosophy of freedom and right, accounting that his law philosophy is not only natural law, but also reason law.

第三章阐述了康德自由主义法权哲学，表明康德的法哲学是批判自然法学，同时又是理性法。

APART FROM LAW: LAW=WORKS OF LAW, NOT OLD TESTAMENT BIBLE OR PERIOD Dispensation

律法以外」的律法不指旧约圣经或时期，乃指律法的行为

Its special place lies in the European Union law is an international law, Has the close relation with the member law of the land.

它的特殊之处在于欧盟法是国际法，和成员国法有着密切联系。

The article analyzes the special history background of the Taiwan Relations Act; the process of making the act, point out the common and disagree of the decision-makers; the contents of the act, inquiry into the lawgivers position on the Taiwan issue; Combines with the inter law and the international law to analyze its law position.

本文拟以马克思主义的唯物史观为指导，运用历史学、政治学、法学等学科的知识和方法，分析该法案出台的特殊历史背景；并通过对法案出台过程的分析，指出美国的决策者在这个问题上的共识和分歧：结合该法案的内容，探讨美国立法者在台湾问题上所采取的立场；同时从美国国内法和国际法的角度来分析该法的法律地位。

The superficial phenomenon of rule by law refers to the understanding disconnection of the form and content of rule by lawin the process of promoting the strategy of governing the country according to law, especially the hollow spiritual understanding of rule by law.

法治的&表层化&是指我国在推进依法治国方略的进程中，对法治形式和法治内容理解的脱节，所呈现出来的是对法治理解的表面化、肤浅化和形式化，尤其是对法治精神理解的空洞化。

This doue,the paper has further revealed the historical inevitability of the birth of economics of law and the feasibility of its application to China through the analysis of the process of the economics of law movement and its historical contexts .the author argued that the rationality and the condition of the practice of economics of lawin China lies in its congruence with the inherent law of the market economy,which makes it necessary for the economics of lawto be introduced into China.

笔者认为，法律经济学在中国发展的合理性和土壤在于它符合市场经济内在规律的要求，市场经济呼唤法律经济学在中国的运用和发展。

There are many ways and channels inwhich western legal culture influenced China,such as sending Chinesestudents to study western law abroad,giving lectures by western experts of lawin China,editing and translating western books of law,directly transplantingwestern law.

因此，经过一百多年的法制变革，完整形态的古代法律文化传统已不复存在。

Chapter Two illustrates the nature of the international guarantee.At first,the writer analyses the meaning of collateral nature and its theoretical basis.Thewriter points out that in order to reinforce the protection of the guarantor'sinterest,the guarantee is located as collateral guarantee in all countries'traditional legislation.In other words,the validity of the guarantee contract isdetermined by the underlying contract,i.e.if the underlying contract isestablished,the guarantee contract is established,too;if the underlying contract isvalid,and the guarantee contract is valid too.It is true,otherwise.But thedoctrine of autonomy of private law dominates the civil law and commercial lawin all the countries,so the parties are permitted to alter the collateral nature of theguarantee by an agreement under the related laws worldwide.so the collateralnature of the guarantee is not the compulsory nature of the law.This lays a solidfoundation for the emerging of the independent guarantee.The writer thenanalyses the meaning of independence and the cause of the booming of theindependent guarantee.In fact,the independent guarantee was originated fromthe change of the collateral nature by the parties contract.As a result,the validityof the contract of independent guarantee is not determined by the underlyingcontract as the collateral guarantee,But the validity of the independent guaranteecontract is independent from the underlying contract,the establishment and thevalidity of the contract of independent guarantee are not subjected to theunderlying contract.

第二章对国际信用担保的法律属性进行了论述，首先分析了从属性的含义及其理论基础，指出虽然各国传统立法为了加强对保证人利益的保护，都将信用担保定位于从属保证，即保证合同的效力取决于主合同的效力，主合同成立，保证合同也成立，主合同生效，保证合同也生效；主合同不成立，保证合同也不成立，主合同不生效，保证合同也不生效，但是由于私法自治的精神主导着各国的民商法领域，各国立法都允许当事人通过合同约定对信用担保的从属性进行改变，所以保证的从属性从来就不是信用担保制度的法律强制属性，这也为独立保证制度的出现奠定了制度前提；其次分析了独立性的含义以及独立保证兴起的原因，独立保证实际上就是当事人通过合同约定对保证从属性的改变，使独立保证合同的效力不再象从属保证合同的效力那样取决于主合同的效力，而是使独立保证合同的效力独立于主合同的效力，独立保证合同成立不因主合同的不成立而受影响，也不因主合同的无效而无效。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。