查询词典 in vitro

Methods: Adopting pig bile culture medium, the inhibiting or killing effects on pig bladder worm in vitro were observed;by using the methods of xylene-induced ear inflammation in mice and granuloma swelling induced by cotton ball in rats, the effects of anti-inflammation were observed;by using the methods of body twisting and hot-plate in mice, the effects of analgesia were observed. Through the mice auricle microcycle, the rats thrombus law in vitro and bleeding time, clotting time determination to the mice, the function of invigorating the blood were observed;adopting the penicillin abdominal cavity injection method, the mice epilepsy model were prepared, and epilepsy mice brain organization MDA content and SOD, ATPase vigor be measured by using chemical colorimetry.

利用猪胆汁培养基观察该方在体外对猪囊尾蚴的抑制或杀灭作用；采用二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀法、大鼠棉球肉芽肿法以观察该方的抗炎作用；采用热板法和化学刺激扭体法观察该方的镇痛效果；通过小鼠耳廓微循环法、大鼠体外血栓法和对小鼠出、凝血时的测定观察该方的活血作用；采用青霉素腹腔注射法制备小鼠癫痫模型，并利用化学比色法检测癫痫小鼠脑组织中MDA的含量及SOD、ATPase的活力。

Two specieses, Lycoris radiate and Lycoris aurea, were selected for the studying of artificial propagation in vitro. A few specieses of Lycoris, from the southeast area of China and part of locations in Japan, were chosen to research their karyotype differentiation and to measure their genetic diversity by ISSR analysis. The results could be summarized as follows.1. The vegetative propagation conditions of Lycoris aurea and L. radiate in vitro was studied by two-scaling. Different illuminate condition had an effect on the bulblet formation rate. To the species of L. radiate, the rate was higher in the state of 16h 800-12001x illumination than in the darkness. The medium also affected the new bulblet formating rate. When the culture was MS medium 0.2 mg/L NAA 4 mg/L 6-BA, the bulblet formationg rate of L. aurea was 220%;at the same time, when the medium was MS 0.2 mg/L NAA 2 mg/L 6-BA, the rate of L.

本研究选择西南部分地区及日本的几个石蒜品种，从细胞学和DNA分子角度，分析了它们的遗传多样性水平和遗传结构状况，对红花石蒜和忽地笑的离体繁殖技术进行了初步研究，得出如下结论： 1 进行了红花石蒜和黄花石蒜双鳞片快速繁殖条件的研究，结果表明：红花石蒜在16小时800-1200 lx光照下比黑暗条件下出芽率要高；黄花石蒜在MS NAA0.2mg／L 6-BA4mg／L下出芽率为220％，红花石蒜在MS NAA0.2mg／L 6-BA2mg／L下出芽率为108％；NAA比IBA有利于石蒜生根；硅藻土显著提高黄花石蒜双鳞片出芽率，活性炭起抑制作用；6％蔗糖浓度有利于红花石蒜小鳞茎增重，MS 6-BA4mg／L NAA0.5mg／L培养基有利于小鳞茎增殖，切割一刀比两刀有利于小鳞茎增殖。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cyto-plasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methy-lation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribu-tion of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastcysts fellowed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro.After fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos was very high as well as two-cell diploid embryos in vivo.Then the embryos was rapiddly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus fused completely.After that, the DNA methylation levels of fused embryos were gradually increased until the blastocysts stage.However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation was established in an vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than in the trophectoderm, in most vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在囊胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Results: In vitro experiments, rabbit hair in 4 percent、6 percent、8 percent and 10 percent sodium sulfide depilatory respectively large dissolution in 9.17±0.48min、7.50±0.43min、4.67±0.38min、3.67±0.38min, In vitro experiments, these four depilatory unhairing completely in 8.50±0.50min、6.67±0.47min、4.67±0.47min、3.33±0.47min. In skin pathological section, epidermal was smallest injuried by 4 percent sodium sulfide depilatory and epidermal was greatest injuried by 10 percent sodium sulfide depilatory.

结果：离体实验中，兔毛在4%、6%、8%、10%硫化钠脱毛剂中分别在9.17±0.48min、7.50±0.43min、4.67±0.38min、3.67±0.38min时大量溶解，在体实验中，不同浓度的脱毛剂分别在8.50±0.50min、6.67±0.47min、4.67±0.47min、3.33±0.47min时脱毛完全；切片结果显示4%硫化钠脱毛剂对表皮的损伤最小，10%硫化钠脱毛剂对表皮的损伤最大。

This method is more convenient, rapid and economical than the traditional Sevag method. A standard strain of herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1, SM44 strain) was used to investigate the antiviral activities of PSP in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments were carried out in Vero cells, firstly the activity of PSP against HSV-1 was proved to be better than acidovir, which is the most widely used antiviral agent in clinic.

抗病毒作用的研究选用单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)标准株(SM44)，体外实验在Vero细胞中进行，在证实PSP抗HSV-1活性优于目前临床治疗该病毒感染的首选药物阿昔洛韦的基础上，进一步探讨了PSP抗HSV-1作用的机制。

Five of fifty random primers amplified DNA polymorphism hands in RAPD analysis of seed-derived seedlings and of in vitro regenerated plantlets taken at random. One primer eyen amplified the difference between the regenerated plants. This suggested that there was some variation in DNA in plants of M. sativa regenerated in vitro.

随机选取实生苗和下胚轴愈伤组织再生苗进行RAPD分析，结果表明，所用的50个随机引物中有5个扩增出差异性条带，甚至再生植株之间也有1条引物扩增的条带有差异，这说明经组织培养所得到的再生植株与实生苗相比，在DNA水平上发生了一定程度变异，并且这种变异也存在于再生植株之间。

The mice were used as experimental animals in this study,through the experiment in vitro and in vivo,systemic invested the dynamic changes in expression and localization of FGF7,FGF10 and its receptor in mammals development,lactation and involution;revealed the relationships between the expression of FGF7,FGF10 and its receptor and the function;clarified the function of FGF7 and FGF10 in mammary gland development,lactation and involution,and the effect of mammogenic hormones on expression of FGF7 and FGF-10 and its receptor in different periods in vitro.

本研究主要以小鼠为实验材料，通过体外和体内实验，系统研究FGF7、FGF10及KGFR在哺乳动物乳腺发育、泌乳及退化过程中表达定位的动态变化，揭示FGF7、FGF10及KGFR表达变化与乳腺发育及泌乳功能间的对应关系，阐明FGF7、FGF10在乳腺发育、泌乳及退化过程中的功能以及乳腺发育激素对不同时期乳腺FGF7、FGF10及KGFR表达的影响。

To understand the infectivity by porcine endogenous retrovirus with porcine skin fibroblast cell in vitro and in vivo, porcine skin fibroblast cell established by our laboratory were co-cultured with neo/HEK293 cell for the infection of RERV in vitro, and were subcutaneously transplantated to SCID (severe combined immuno-deficiency) mice for the infection of PERV in vivo, laying the foundation for valuation of biologic safety of xenotrans-plantation. The event of neo/HEK293 cells infected by PERV occurred during co-culture of porcine skin fibroblast cells with neo/HEK293 cells, expanding the rang of the infection of porcine endogenous retrovirus. Afterpig cells transplantated subcutaneously in SCID mice, the microchimerism (78.57%) of pig cells occurred widel, and there was phenomena of integration of PERV provirus (85.71%) in several organs or tissues remote from the injected sites, indicating infection of PERV in SCID mice in vivo. yet, there is no evidence of active viral replication in analysis of PERV env RNA of these tissues or organs.

为了解猪皮肤成纤维细胞PERV在体外和体内的感染性，通过建立猪皮肤成纤维细胞系，将所建细胞系与人胚胎肾293细胞体外共培养，并移植于严重联合免疫缺陷鼠皮下进行猪皮肤成纤维细胞PERV的体外和体内感染性实验，结果表明，猪皮肤成纤维细胞与人胚胎肾细胞共培养过程中，猪内源性逆转录病霉感染人胚胎肾细胞，进一步证实和拓宽了猪细胞PERV感染人细胞的范畴；猪皮肤成纤维细胞移植SCID鼠皮下后，导致SCID鼠发生猪细胞微嵌合(78.57%)和PERV在体内感染(85.71%)并且波及远离移植部位的多种组织或器官，但是并未检测出SCID鼠组织中表达PERV env RNA。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。