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In the present paper, a new adjoint shape sensitivity analysis method for shape optimization of continuum structures is proposed.

新方法弥补了Arora等人所提出的形状优化灵敏度分析变分原理中的缺陷，为采用伴随法进行灵敏度分析提供了新的框架。

Alternation of generations can be divided into two basic types, one for the same shape alternation of generations, the sporophyte and the gametophyte in the morphology similar size, only cytology and physiology are different, such as Ulva, etc.; another type of shape alternation of generations, that is, in the sporophyte and gametophyte morphology and size are also significant differences.

世代交替又可分为两种基本类型，一为同形世代交替，即孢子体和配子体在形态大小上类似，仅在细胞学上和生理上有所不同，如石莼等；另一类型为异形世代交替，即孢子体和配子体在形态结构和大小上也有明显差异。

The former, such as Bettess element and Astley element, needs geometry mapping and shape functions in terms of local coordinates, while for the latter, the shape functions are directly expressed in terms of global coordinates. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and recent advances of the infinite element method for unbounded domains.

无限元分为映射无限元和非映射无限元：映射无限元需要引入几何映射，在局部坐标系中构造插值形状函数，如Bettess 元和Astley元；非映射无限元则直接在整体坐标系中构造插值形状函数，如Burnett元。

Frente the 'anti rock band' from Australia composed of singer Angie Hart, guitarist Simon Austin, bassist Bill McDonald, drummer Alaister Barden and keyboardist Fraiser Brandly, were recently in town promoting their new album Shape, where we hooked up for an interview.

Frente，这只澳洲走"anti rock"风格的乐团成员包括：主音Angie Hart、吉他手Simon Austin、贝司手Bill McDonald、鼓手Alaister Barden和键盘Fraiser Brandly，他们正在城里（哪个城就不清楚了，估计在美国，反正是采访他们所在的那个）宣传他们的新专辑《shape》（这段介绍估计是96年写的，96年他们出的第二张专辑），所以我们特意约了一次采访。

All characters that have been used to delimit more narrowly defined species in other treatments of Chinese Clethra exhibit a strongly continuous pattern of variation from west to east across the range of the species in China (i.e., leaf size and shape, the number of secondary veins on each side of the midvein, anther size and shape); they also exhibit geographically correlated or seemingly random patterns, but without correlated gaps in character states among any two or more characters (i.e., style pubescence, corolla abaxial surface, stamen exsertion).

用来界定更狭窄定义的中国的Clethra的其它种的全部特征，从中国种的分布区的西部到东部，展示了一种强烈的连续变异的样式（如，叶大小和形状，中脉每边次脉的数目，花药的大小和形状）；他们还展示出地理分布的相关或好像随机的样式，但是在任何2或更多特征状态间没有相关的特征间隔（如，花柱被短柔毛，花冠背面、雄蕊伸出）。叶大小与形状，在中脉，花药大小与形状的每边次脉的数量；也的他们展览好象地理上有相互关联或随机模式，但是没有有相互关联特征差距在任何2 特征或更多中说明即，花柱短柔毛，花冠背面，雄蕊exsertion。

The survey of similar Orbal oxidation ditch is focused on the velocity distribution of concentration ellipse shape and concentric circles shape represented in oxidation ditches, analyzes the rationality of its device allocation and the problems shown in velocity profile, proposes the improved treatment.

现场同类Orbal 氧化沟流场的实测研究了椭圆形和圆形两种Orbal 氧化沟的水力现象，分析其设备配置的合理性，针对流速分布中出现的问题进行分析并提出了改进的措施。

Mainly uses in flowered key hole broachings, the single key hole broaching as well as the plane broaching, the different shape surface broaching, the plane tooth profile broaching, the stair surface broaching, each kind of connecting rod and so on round hole broaching, different shape through hole broaching, each kind of gear the broaching, each kind of rack broaching, each kind of synchromesh broaching, each kind of brake pliers broaching, in each kind of air conditioning tubing cross valve seat the plane and so on.

主要用于圆孔拉削、异形通孔拉削、各种齿轮等花键孔拉削、单键孔拉削以及平面拉削、异形面拉削、平面齿形拉削、台阶面拉削、各种连杆拉削、各种齿条拉削、各种同步器拉削、各种制动钳拉削、各种空调四通阀座内平面等。

The formula of discharge varying with normal water depth in cubic parabola shape open channel uniform flow and the conditions satisfied by the optimal hydraulic cross-section in the cubic parabola shape channel were deduced according to the theory of open channel uniform flow .

根据明渠均匀流理论，推求了立方抛物线形渠道正常水深与流量关系的计算公式及其水力最优断面所满足的条件。

In view of the selection of structure elements problem in morphological filter, this paper presents morphological operators with non-fixed shape and non-fixed size kernels, or amoebas, instead of fixed-shape, fixed size structuring elements generally used.

针对形态学滤波中的一个关键问题－结构元的选择，提出了一种基于数学形态学的变形虫结构元，它是一种没有固定形状和大小的结构算子。

The grain shape of in-situ polymerization PAN in 10 T is open-ramified rod-like pattern with the diameter of 50nm and that of sccondary doped PAN in 10T change to spherical structure about 20-30nm, which are obvious differcnt from irrcgular reef-like particle shape of doped PAN in 0 T.

强磁场作用下的原位聚合聚苯胺颗粒呈现大约50nm的棒状，而对本征态聚苯胺在强磁场下再掺杂得到20～30nm的球状颗粒，与未加强磁场作用下的礁石状颗粒有明显区别。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。