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At the same time, we prove that the best linear unbiased prediction of a linear predictable variable Qy and the best linear unbiased prediction βn=(X"sV-1Xs)-1 X"sVs-1ys of regression coefficients of the finite populations βn=(X"V-1X)-1X"V-1y are admissible under matrix loss function and in the class of the linear predictions and the class that contains all predictions, and under quadratic loss function in the class of the linear predictions.

在线性预测类和一切预测类中是可容许预测，而在二次损失函数下其在线性预测类中是可容许预测。

The theory of Confucianism founded by Lu Gu and Jia Yi was originated from the theory of Xun Zi, However, not the same as the thougt of Lu Gu, in the theory of Jia Yi, which reflected the aristocracy-oriented feature of the upper class, the ideology of aristocratism was aroused. Han Ying initiated the self-awakening man's original mind or nature and reestablished the theory of born good. His theory was regarded as an anabranch of Confucianism in the early stage of Han Dynasty, and a reecho of historical movement of the aristocratic theory of Confucianism advocated by Confucius and Mencius. During the periods of Emperor. Jing of Han and Emperor Wu of Han, an aristocratic upper class had come into being. Therefore, in the face of the society that experienced populace-oriented baptism, Dong Zhong-shu kept down the aristocratic components existed in Jia Yi's theory, absorbed populace-oriented consciousness, which formed the foundation for theoretical system, and transferred instrument-centered Confucianism to the one with sanctification. Thus, Confucianism acquired its theoretical remolding and historical transforming.

汉初的陆、贾儒学的思想理路是由荀学发展而来，但不同于陆贾之说，在贾谊思想里，作为当时上层社会走向贵族化这一时代特征的反映，贵族化思想成分开始被唤起；陆、贾之后的韩婴则倡导心性修养，重建性善论，他的学说是孔孟儒学贵族化历史乐章之回响，为汉初儒学的支流；景武之际，汉初上层社会已经完成了贵族化转变，为此，董仲舒保留了贾谊学说中的贵族化思想成分，然更为重要的是，面对一个经过平民化洗礼的社会，董仲舒吸纳平民思想意识以建构理论体系，将陆贾、贾谊承自荀子的工具性特征显著之儒学转变成具神学特征的儒学，使儒学获得一次理论上的大改铸，实现了儒学的历史转型。

Different types and levels of development of the countries generally have taken a different political systems, but may also in some ways have the same or similar system; the same type and level of development of the countries generally have the same or similar political systems, but in some areas there may be very different:(1) according to state management form, namely the form of state power points, there is absolute monarchy system of slave society, the nobility republican, democratic republic; State has the absolute monarchy of feudalism, class representative of the monarchy, republican (little city-state has adopted); capitalist countries have constitutional monarchy and democratic republic two types of constitutional monarchy is divided into the dual monarchy such as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and a parliamentary monarchy like the United Kingdom, democratic republic is divided into parliamentary cabinet system, the presidential system and the committee system in three forms; of the socialist countries of the Soviet system of the former Soviet Union, former Yugoslavia, the delegation system, China and Cuba and other countries of the people's congress system and so on.

不同类型和发展程度的国家一般都采取不同的政治制度，但也可能在某方面有相同或相似的体制；同一类型和发展程度的国家一般都有相同或类似的政治制度，但在某些方面也可能有很大差异：（1）按国家管理形式即政权组织形式分，奴隶社会有君主专制制、贵族共和制、民主共和制；封建主义国家有绝对君主制、等级代表君主制、共和制；资本主义国家有君主立宪制和民主共和制两大类型，君主立宪制又分为二元君主制如约旦哈希姆王国和议会制君主制如英国，民主共和制又分为议会内阁制、总统制和委员会制三种形式；社会主义国家有原苏联的苏维埃制，原南斯拉夫的代表团制，中国和古巴等国的人民代表大会制等。

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

According to alternation of reorganized-KMT "s class nature what the Comintern and Sdalin defined and KMT "s authentic class nature, we"ll find the inner coincidence between the three, KMT "s class nature what the Comintern defined, Sdalin"s "Three Stages Theory" and errors of "Left deviation in the Agrarian Revolutionary War. They have the same fault: on the theory of Chinese bourgeoisie. Comintern looked on Kuomintang as an organzation of united front, which cut apart the close relationship between Kuomintang and the boureoisie, and then inevitably led to a long-standing mistaken concept, this is, confusing the large boureoisie with the national boureoisie and the petty boureoisie. Therefore, as the large boureoisie betrayed the revolution, Comintern regarded the national boureoisie and the petty boureoisie as the underminer of the organzation of the united front, and then struck a heavy blow at then.

考察梳理共产国际、斯大林对改组后国民党性质的判定及其变化和国民党的真实阶级性质可知，共产国际对国民党性质的判定、斯大林"三阶段"论和土地革命战争时期中共党内的历次"左"倾错误三者之间，前后相续，一以贯之，具有内容上的共通性和逻辑上的连续性，它们共同的要害是共产国际、斯大林有关中国资产阶级理论的错误，一是共产国际混淆在半封建半殖民地中国的带买办性的大资产阶级与民族资产阶级，二是把民族资产阶级的妥协与革命的两面性机械地认定为革命与反革命的"两段性"，认为中国资产阶级必然要叛变革命。

When in senior high school ,it left behind so many regret for me,at first,for the junior high school failure exam,I went to a unliked school to continue my student time,at the same time ,I also left dad's words to behind my head,everyday,I just look at the surrounding teachers and classmates ,I can't adapt me into that serious atmosphere ,more serious it that I more hated that environment ,in order to avoid it ,I started to skip classes ,as the time of skiping classes grew,some teachers and classmates began to think me as a bad student,honestly,in that school,there were so many this kind guys,however,it seemed to me that all teachers just had a couple eyes of caring of me .subsequently,in order to go on my studying,I had to make some promise of it for teachers,as a matter of fact ,I wrote it fully and also read it to the class.at the bottom of my hear,I apparently had the feeling that would like to stay to the class to keep my normal studying,but everytime,it seemed that something was not under my controul.but just now for me ,it may be just a little depressed.so that written guarantee didn't take some effect for me,as usual ,I also choosed to skip classes,at last ,related teachers had to call for my dad to school and required him to write some words to promise something in order to keep me in school ,at that momment,I refused all ,I can' t eudure dad do it as so.

上高中了，是我这辈子遗憾最多的日子。起先，在那所我极不愿去的学校里，我没有记住爸爸的话，看着身边的老师、同学，都找不着感觉，并且越来越讨厌那种环境，后来干脆开始逃课。逃课的日子多了，就成了老师眼中的坏孩子，其实在那所学校里逃课的学生多的是，但是老师好象长了一双只可以看到我逃课的眼睛。后来，老师要我来写保证书，保证我以后不再逃课，否则就走人。我写了，并且在班上念了。因为从心里我是真的想读书，可是每次总是管不住自己，有一种想逃走的感觉。现在想来，我那时应该是或多或少有些郁忧症了。所以保证书过后，我又逃课时，老师叫来了我的爸爸，并且要求爸爸写保证书，保证我以后不再逃课，而且要当着班上的同学念。我马上拒绝了，只说了句：&我自己走吧。&

Each separate operation on the railroad, no matter how minute, such as talking over a telephone or spiking or unspiking a switch, is so far an exclusive property of a particular class of employee that if an employee of another class, in the course of his regular duties, performs such operations he must not only be paid an extra day's wages for doing so, but at the same time the furloughed or unemployed members of the class held to be entitled to perform the operation must be paid a day's wages for not having been called upon to perform it.

铁路上的各项独立作业，无论多么微不足道，例如接听铁路专用电话或者扳道，至今都是特定职业雇工的专属权。倘若其他工种的工人，在当班时代行了这类专属操作的话，那么，干这个活儿的人不但要得到一天额外的工资，而且公司还必须向有权操作的休假待岗的工人支付一天的工资，因为没有召唤他们来做此项工作。

Each separate operation on the railroad, no matter how minute, such as talking over a telephone or spiking or unspiking a switch, is so far an exclusive property of a particular class of employee that if an employee of another class, in the course of his regular duties, performs such operations he must not only be paid an extra day's wages for doing so, but at the same time the furloughed or unemployed members of the class held to be entitled to perform the operation must be paid a day's wages for not having been called upon to perform it.

铁路上的各项独立作业，无论多么微不足道，例如接听铁路专用电话或者扳道，至今都是特定从业阶层的专属权。

The rising middle class of 19th-century Britain agitated peacefully for the vote; in Latin America in the 1990s the same sorts of people backed democracy. Yet the middle class also supported fascist governments in Europe in the 1930s and initially backed military juntas in Latin America in the 1980s.

历史告诉我们中产可能采取非常极端的方式，19世纪英国的中产为了选举权和平抗议；1990年代的拉美中产支持民主，但是1930年代的欧洲中产也支持了法西斯政府，80年代支持了拉美的军阀。

The U.S. Navy's plan to "Aegis" system and equipment in the entire gas turbine propulsion DD963 class destroyer of the developmental, using the DDG963-class destroyers with the same hull and power plant to reduce development cost and schedule, this program has received congressional approval, this is the "Ticonderoga"(CG47) class cruiser, which became the U.S. Navy for the first time equipped with the "Aegis" system of surface naval vessels.

美海军计划提出把&宙斯盾&系统装备在全燃气轮机推进的DD963级驱逐舰的发展型上，采用与DDG963级驱逐舰相同的船体和动力装置，以降低研制费用和进度，这一计划得到了国会的批准，这就是&提康德罗加&(CG47)级巡洋舰，它成了美海军首次装备&宙斯盾&系统的水面舰种。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。