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Composition of both spermatophyte and pteridophyte flora of a relict Alsophila spinulosa community in Wutongqiao Nature Reserve of Leshan region was discussed. It shows the proportion of Tropic and Cathaysia elements in both spermatophyte flora and pteridophyte flora was almost 2/3 of the total at the genus level, and even more at the family level. There was a distinct ancient endemism phenomenon in spermatophyte flora, owning to being 8 relict and remnant endemism genera in the total of 9. Furthermore, the proportion of Tropic and Cathaysia elements both at family and genus level in the pteridophyte flora were much greater.

选以乐山五通桥桫椤自然保护区-桫椤群落的种子植物区系与蕨类植物区系组成为研究对象，发现种子植物区系在属的水平上热带成分与古华夏成分占到近2/3，在科的水平上则更高；种子植物区系中有9个中国特有属，其中8个为残遗或原始类型的古特有属，表现出典型的古特有现象；而在蕨类植物区系中热带成分和华夏成分所占比重更大。

Climatic gradients were based on data sets from 841 meteorological stations throughout China. Definitions for floristic distributional patterns were based upon the work of Prof. Z. Y. Wu. Most of these floristic distributional patterns were strongly correlated with the geographic gradients in climate, except for cosmopolitan, cultivated and invasive genera. Tropical genera form a large fraction of the total genera (ranging from 0.84% to 94.38% in the regional floras) with the highest proportion in southern Yunnan and Hainan Island. Tropical genera occur predominantly in southern China of 0° N latitude and decreased with increasing latitude, as would be expected. Interestingly, the disjunct Tropical Asia and Tropical America distribution were not restricted to southern latitudes. Temperate genera account for 5.1% to 98.83% of the total genera in regional floras with the highest proportion in the province of Xinjiang. Most of these genera followed geographic gradients in climate as expected (temperate genera conspicuously dominate the landscape at higher latitudes), except the East Asian and North American disjunct distribution, Eastern Asian distribution and Chinese endemic distribution. Generally, most plant genera demonstrated some correlation with climatic and geographic gradients. The most important gradients were those of annual air temperature and precipitation. A small fraction did not demonstrate significantly particular pattern:"Cosmopolitan","East Asian and North American disjunct","Eastern Asian" and "Chinese endemic" distributions. The North Temperate distribution had the highest correlation with mean annual air temperature and precipitation.

结果如下：(1)除世界分布、栽培和入侵成分外，大部分中国种子植物属的地理成分的分布与地理相关密切；(2)热带分布属（泛热带分布、热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布、旧世界热带分布、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布、热带亚洲至热带非洲分布及热带亚洲分布合计）占各地方植物区系的0.84%到94.38%，其最低值出现在中国西北部的新疆和青海地区，最高值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(3)热带分布属在＜北纬30°的地区占优势，除热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布外，其它热带成分随纬度增加迅速减少；(4)温带分布属（北温带分布、东亚和北美间断分布、旧世界温带分布、温带亚洲分布、地中海区、西亚到中亚分布、中亚分布和东亚分布合计）占各地方植物区系的5.1%至98.83%，其最高值出现在中国西北部的新疆地区，最低值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(5)除东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，其它温带成分随纬度增加迅速增加；(6)在温带成分中，东亚和北美间断分布及东亚分布属主要出现在中国亚热带到暖温带地区，北温带分布、旧世界温带分布和温带亚洲分布属在中国北部占优势，而地中海区、西亚到中亚分布和中亚分布属则在中国西北部占优势；(7)除世界分布、东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，所有其他成分都显示了与气候因素密切相关，其中，北温带分布属与年均温和年降雨量最为密切相关。

The following points are emphasized:The operation models of adiabatic and diabatic distillation have been set up and the operation block, thermodynamics model and mathematical model in the simulation have been determined as well;(2)Based on the simulation and exergy analysis with Aspen Plus program, shortcut distillation design—DSTWU model and rigorous distillation design—RADFRAC model, the author has determined the heat duty, exergy losses and the distribution of exergy losses along the adiabatic column, which will help the simulation and optimization of the diabatic distillation;(3)Diabatic distillation under various operation conditions has been simulated by using energy balance method and exergy analysis;(4)How the different mixture and the various degree of separation, number of trays and feed location influence exergy saving in diabatic distillation have also been discussed;(5)On the basis of the total exergy losses along the column, different schema of the heat transfer distribution along the column have been compared and analyzed;they can be classified in three categories: heat duty equipartition approach, empirical approach, separation degree matching approach. In conclusion, different heat transfer distribution along the column will have effect on total exergy losses. In particular, most satisfactory results have been obtained by using separation degree matching approach. In order to diminish the exergy losses, heat transfer distribution should meet the needs of the request of separation degree.And on this premise, the author makes his suggestion in increasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with minimum exergy losses and decreasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with the maximum exergy losses.

本文对透热精馏过程进行了模拟并对其节能效果的影响因素做了较为全面的分析和深入的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)建立了常规精馏和透热精馏过程的模拟操作模块、热力学模型以及数学模型；(2)利用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus并分别采用DSTWU简捷模型和RADFRAC严格计算模型对常规精馏进行模拟计算和有效能分析，确定常规精馏塔的公用工程热负荷、有效能损失及有效能损失在塔内的分布，为透热精馏的模拟和优化提供数据参考；(3)对不同物系在不同分离度条件下进行透热精馏的模拟，分别采用能量衡算法和有效能分析法进行计算和分析；(4)探讨了各种因素如物系的选择、不同分离度、塔板数、进料位置对透热精馏节能效果的影响；(5)以全塔总有效能损失为比较基准，对热量在塔内的三种分布方案即热负荷平均分配法、经验法和分离度匹配法进行了对比分析并得出结论：塔内热量的不同分布方案对于全塔总有效能损失会产生影响，其中以分离度匹配法的节能效果最为理想，为减少有效能的损失，应使塔内的热量分布满足各塔板的分离度要求，并在此前提下，尽量减小有效能损失大的塔板的热负荷和增加有效能损失小的塔板的热负荷。

Where is a partial loss of goods, merchandise, or other moveables, the measure of indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is as follows:（1）Where part of the goods, merchandise or other moveables insured by a valued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the sum fixed by the policy as the insurable value of the part lost bears to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained as in the case of an unvalued policy:(2) Where part of the goods, merchandise, or other moveables insured by an unvalued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is the insurable value of the part lost, ascertained as in case of total loss:(3) Where the whole or any part of the goods or merchandise insured has been delivered damaged at its destination, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the sum fixed by the policy in the case of the valued policy, or of the insurable value in the case of an unvalued policy, as the difference between the gross sound and damaged values at the place of arrival bears to the gross sound value:(4)"Gross value" means the wholesale price, or, if there be no such price, the estimated value, with, in either case, freight, landing charges, and duty paid beforehand; provided that, in the case of goods or merchandise customarily sold in bond, the bonded price is deemed to be the gross value.

货物、商品或者其他动产发生部分损失的，除保险单另有明文规定外，赔偿范围如下：(1)如果定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为保险单确定的保险金额中的比例部分，该比例为灭失部分的可保价值占全部可保价值的比例部分。可保价值的确定与不定值保险相同；(3)若不定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为损失部分的可保价值，可保价值的确定与全损时相同；(4)如果被保险货物或商品的全部或者一部分以受损状态运抵目的地，赔偿范围以完好毛值与受损价值的差额占完好毛值的比例计算，在定值保险单情况下，是保险单确定的金额的该比例部分，或者，在不定值保险单情况下，是可保价值的该比例部分；(5)"毛值"是指货物的批发价格，如果没有这种价格，则是货物的估计价值，不论哪一种情况，再加上已预先付讫的运费、卸货费和关税之后的价值；但是，如果货物或商品按惯例在关仓出售，那么关仓价格就视为毛值。

In 2000,the area below 400 meters was also watershed,mining sites and settlements,the proportion of both unutilized land below 400 meters and woodland between 400 meters and 800 meters raised a little,it showed that most woodland transform into the other types of land use in low altitude area,however,most unutilized land and the other types of land use transform into woodland in low and mediad altitude area,and the changes in woodland had metastatic trends in low and middle altitude area in the years from 1988 to 2000.The area proportion between 400 meters and 800 meters raised a lot in mining sites and settlements,the total distributed area on woodland had a trend of rising,while the distribution in pasture had a trend of decreasing.

在2000年，400m区域以下依然是水域和居民点及工矿用地，未利用地比例在400m以下有所上升而林地比例在400m～800m有所上升，表明在1994年至2000年间，低海拔地区许多林地转化为其他土地利用类型，而在中低海拔地区大量的未利用地和其他土地利用类型转化为林地，林地的变化有向中低海拔转移的趋势。2006年居民点及工矿用地在400m至800m区域面积比例增加，林地类型分布区域整体呈上升的趋势，草地分布区域呈下降的趋势。

The proportion of staffs with college degrees or higher increased 18.6 %. The proportion of public health doctor was 9.7% in 1998 and was 8.7% in 2005. The educational level of village doctors did not change and more than half of them received the education of high school or special secondary school.(3) Compared to 1998, the immunization coverage rate of 2005 was increased. The highest incidence rate of infectious diseases appeared in 2005 and it was 3.953‰, and the lowest was 2.083‰in 2001. From 1998 to 2005, incidence of Hepatitis and Tuberculosis increased quickly. The incidence of Measles fluctuated greatly in theyears of 1998 to 2005 and the incidence of Pertussis and Tetanus keeped a low level.(4) When falling ill, the rural residents preferred the Village health departments. 310 residents know Iodine Deficiency Disorders , 73.8% of investigated school-age children had ever took parasiticide.

调查地区2005年与1998年相比，单苗接种率与五苗接种率均有提高，各县法定传染病发病率，2005年最高，为万分之39.53，2001年最低，为万分之20.83；调查的8个目标县，1998年～2005年计划免疫相关传染病，病毒性肝炎、肺结核发病率增高，麻疹发病率波动很大，百日咳、新生儿破伤风发病率保持在较低的水平； 4、村卫生室是农村居民首选的医疗机构，在患病后经常就诊的机构中，村卫生室选及率达68.3％，其次是乡卫生院，为42.3％；调查的居民中，有310名知道碘缺乏病，知晓率仅为39.6％；被调查居民中有607人家有学龄儿童，在这些学龄儿童中，448人曾服用过驱虫药，药物驱虫率为73.8％；曾发生过肠道寄生虫感染的儿童173名，肠道寄生虫感染率为28.5％。

In terms of investment subject, investment from enterprises has become an important power in the speedy growth of fixed-asset investment. In 2003, among the fund of fixed-asset investment, the proportion of domestic loan and self-raised funds accounts for 15.1% and 45.8% respectively, a jump of 29.7% and 10.2% respectively; the proportion of state budgetary funds and bond is only 6.1% and 0.4% respectively, an increase of 2.4% and a decrease of 64.9% respectively.

从投资主体来看，企业自主投资已成为主导固定资产投资高速增长的重要力量。2003年，在全省固定资产投资资金来源中，国内贷款和自筹资金所占比重为20.3%和45.0%，增长幅度达82.0%和45.0%，国家预算内资金和债券资金所占比重仅6.5%和0.5%，速度分别增长9.1%和下降70.1%。

Subject to any express provision in the policy, where there is apartial loss of freight, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of thesum fixed by the policy, in the case of a valued policy or of the insurablevalue, in the case of an unvalued policy, as the proportion of freight lostthe policy.

受本保险任何明示规定的制约，在发生，运费部分损失之场合，赔偿限额为：对定值保险单而言，按保险单上载明的保险金额或保险价值的比例；就不定值保险单而论，按被保险人遭受的运费损失与根据保险单被保险人处于风险中的全部运费比例。

If therefore the executive, who has the power of convoking the legislative, observing rather the true proportion, than fashion of representation, regulates, not by old custom, but true reason, the number of members, in all places that have a right to be distinctly represented, which no part of the people however incorporated can pretend to, but in proportion to the assistance which it affords to the public, it cannot be judged to have set up a new legislative, but to have restored the old and true one, and to have rectified the disorders which succession of time had insensibly, as well as inevitably introduced: For it being the interest as well as intention of the people, to have a fair and equal representative; whoever brings it nearest to that, is an undoubted friend to, and establisher of the government, and cannot miss the consent and approbation of the community; prerogative being nothing but a power, in the hands of the prince, to provide for the public good, in such cases, which depending upon unforeseen and uncertain occurrences, certain and unalterable laws could not safely direct; whatsoever shall be done manifestly for the good of the people, and the establishing the government upon its true foundations, is, and always will be, just prerogative.

所以，如果拥有召集立法权力的执行权力，遵从真正的比例而不是代表制的表面形式，根据真正的理性而不是旧的习俗来管理所有有权利被清楚的代表的地方的代表人数，这种代表人数任何地方都不能自我宣称，而必须与它提供给公众的支持相称，这不能被认为是建立了一种新的立法权力，而是恢复了旧的和真正的立法权力，并矫正了由于时间流逝不知不觉所继承的和不可避免的引入所产生的混乱：因为既然拥有公正和平等的代表机构是人们的利益和意图所在；无论是谁使它更接近这一目标，谁便无可置疑的是这样的政府的朋友和奠基者，并不会得不到共同体的同意和许可；特殊权力也仅仅是一种权力，在取决于无法预见和不确定的事件的情况下，确定的和不可变更的法律不能安全的引导，于是君主行使它来为公众的利益服务；无论做什么，只要明显的是为人们的利益并将政府建于它真正的基础之上，是并且总是正当的特殊权力。

Two original experimental methods have been developed: 1 A procedure of mineralogical analysis of zinc sulphide concentrates which permits to reliably determine the proportion Fe/Zn of marmatite in each concentrate and the proportion of marmatite in...

在此基础上，实验研究了精矿中的铁对精矿的半导体性质的影响规律，应用半导体电化学原理讨论了精矿铁含量对精矿的直接浸出的影响机理。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。