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The average concentrations of Cr, Cd and Pb in ectoskeleton, liver, and muscle were 4.03, 0.12 and 12.31 μgg^(-1), 3.88, 1.04 and 9.12 μgg^(-1), and 4.16, 0.09 and 0.72 μgg^(-1), respectively. Among the three test sites, there existed significant differences in the enrichment of Cr in ectoskeleton and muscle, and of Cr, Cd and Pb in liver. The enrichment of test heavy metals had no notable correlation with the body mass of P. clarkia, and no significant difference was found in the enrichment of the heavy metals between female and male individuals.

外骨骼中Cr、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为4.03、0.12和12.31μgg^(-1)，合肥市、肥西、肥东三地之间除Cr的富集量差异极显著外，其他2种重金属的富集量差异都不显著；肝脏中Cr、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为3.88、1.04和9.12μgg^(-1)，3个地区重金属的富集量的差异都极其显著；肌肉中Cr、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为4.16、0.09和0.72μgg^(-1)，3个地区除重金属Cr的富集量差异极显著外，Cd和Pb的差异都不显著。3种重金属污染物的富集量与体质量没有明显的相关性。3种重金属在雌雄个体之间的富集差异不显著。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cyto-plasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methy-lation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribu-tion of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastcysts fellowed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro.After fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos was very high as well as two-cell diploid embryos in vivo.Then the embryos was rapiddly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus fused completely.After that, the DNA methylation levels of fused embryos were gradually increased until the blastocysts stage.However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation was established in an vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than in the trophectoderm, in most vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在囊胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Each headword is explained in clear, straightforward English. There are also supplements including nutrient RDAs and sources, a body mass index calculator, conversion tables for cooking and a guide to food hygiene procedure ,as well as a list of key contacts in the fields of nutrition, health and food production.

每个中心词都用简洁、直接的英语做出了解释，同时也做了补充，包括营养学中国家推荐的饮食标准和来源，身体质量指数计算公式，烹调转换表和食品卫生程序指南，以及涉及到营养，保健和粮食生产领域的关键词目录。

Trichogramma showed high control efficacy on cotton bollworm eggs after three times of release both in the second and in the third generation bollworm periods. The parasitism on the second and third generation bollworm eggs were 66.0%-70.7% and 76.0%-81.2%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the control (second generation: 7.0%-12.3%, third generation: 5.2%-7.4%). And the injury rate of cotton buds and bolls in the second and third generation bollworm were 2.2% and 3.1%, respectively, which were significantly lower than that in the control (second generation:8.5%, third generation: 20.9%). In the second generation bollworm period, number of bollworm eggs or larvae in the Trichogramma released cotton field did not differ to that in the chemically controlled field. But in the third generation, there were significantly less bollworm eggs and larvae in the Trichogramma released cotton field. There were more predators in the Trichogramma released cotton field. These results indicated that cotton boll worm in the transgenic insect-resistant cotton field can he effectively controlled by mass-releasing of T.

结果发现：棉铃虫卵在棉株不同部位的分布差异较大，2代棉铃虫卵主要分布在叶正面、叶背面和茎尖，3代棉铃虫卵主要分布于蕾铃；在放蜂田，赤眼蜂对棉株不同部位棉铃虫卵的寄生率差异较大，2，3代棉铃虫时期对叶正面、叫背面、茎尖、蕾铃的棉铃虫卵寄生率均较高，对叶柄和茎杆处卵的寄生率较低；并以3代棉铃虫时期的寄生率较高；在2，3代棉铃虫时期分别连续释放3次赤眼蜂，对棉铃虫具有很强控制作用，2，3代棉铃虫卵的被寄生率分别为66.0%~70.7%和76.0%~81.2%，均显著高于化防田的自然寄生率（2代：7.0%~12.3%，3代：5.2%~7.4%）；蕾铃被害率分别为2.2%和3.1%，均显著低于化防田（2代：8.5%，3代：20.9%；2代棉铃虫时期，放蜂田和化防田的棉铃虫卵量和幼虫数量差异均不显著，但3代棉铃虫以后，放蜂田棉铃虫卵量和幼虫数量均显著低于化防田，且放蜂田的捕食性天敌数量显著高于化防田。

Because it had demonstrated our country Universities nurturing the human achievement in the high level, impels between the universities and society's exchange effectively, now has become a dominantly activity in the university student class -odd science and technology culture activity; because of in national university student extracurricular academic science and technology domain guideness, demonstrativeness and mass character, it is crowned a fine reputation of the Olympics in Chinese university student academic scientific and technical circles.

由于其在较高层次上展示了我国高校的育人成果，有效推动高校与社会之间的交流，如今已成为高校学生课余科技文化活动中的一项主导性活动；更因在全国大学生课外学术科技领域的导向性、示范性和群众性，而被冠以中国大学生学术科技界"奥林匹克"的美名。

Methods Proteins and peptides in CSF were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis（2DE） and ultra-performance liquid chromatographer and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF-MS） and electrospray ionization to study differential proteomic expression in the cerebrospinal fluid between patients with Demy- elinative disease and with other neurological diseases.

方法以中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病患者的脑脊液为研究对象，分别采用固相pH梯度双向凝胶电泳分离总蛋白质，凝胶经银染显色后，用图像分析软件进行比较分析、识别差异表达的蛋白质，离线应用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱得到相应的肽指纹图谱；同时用超高压液相色谱分离酶解肽段，在线采用电喷雾四极杆飞行时间质谱鉴定肽段氨基酸序列；搜索数据库鉴定部分蛋白质。

In this paper, sodium deoxycholate, a trypsin and mass spectrometry-compatible denaturant, was used in the solubilization and identification of proteins.

摘 要：脱氧胆酸钠（sodium deoxycholate， SDC）作为一种与胰蛋白酶和质谱分析兼容的变性剂被用于蛋白质的溶解和分析。

The most common form of bread in Americaethe mass-produced white, soft doughy bread in plastic bags with a shelf life of weeks is likely a major component of obesity and diabetes.

在美国最普遍的就是这种大量生产的白色、松软的面包，装在塑料袋中，一周保质期，它就是造成肥胖和糖尿病的主要元凶。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。