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The key of longwall mining along strike safely and efficiently is efficacious controlling of surrounding rock, and the difficult points of surrounding rock controlling are dynamic stability of system "R-S-F" has be made clear by the facts from site test, experimental study and theoretical analysis, and three patterns may cause system "R-S-F" destabilization, such as dislocation, consequentiality and retrogradation among R, S and F in the process of longwall face advancing is put forward in the paper .

大倾角煤层走向长壁工作面开采方法与装备研究由于其矿压显现和围岩破断活动的复杂性而进展缓慢，较少见到国外主要产煤国家此方面的专门文献，我国目前的研究、试验与使用水平处于国际该领域的前沿。

For the bottom-up attention process, areas of interest that deserve visual attention are formed by a sequentially extracting of feature map, conspicuity map, and interesting map. Firstly, based on Treisman's feature integration theory and the characteristics of orientation and frequency selective nerve cells in biological cortex, we propose a new 2D optimal quadrature filter in the meaning of minimum energy loss to extract intensity, edge, orientation, symmetry, curvature and comer features to form the feature maps. Then based on the local competent and global cooperative perception character of biological vision, we design a kind of competent/cooperative filter and use a set of such filters to extract conspicuous locations that will most likely to cause visual attention from feature maps to form conspicuity maps.

我们根据Treisman〓的特征整合理论，结合生物视觉皮层的方向、频率敏感性神经元，提出采用一组调制在不同尺度和方向上的新的最佳正交特征滤波器并行地提取图象的亮度、边缘、方向、对称性、曲率和角度等特征作为注意线索，构成特征图；在此基础上，基于生物视觉的局部竞争和全局协作特性，本文设计了一种竞争协作滤波器用于从特征图中提取可能引起视觉注意的显著位置构成显著图，各显著图进一步通过本文提出的融合算法和非线性松弛迭代算法生成自底向上兴趣图。

Part three: This part analysis the problem and the cause of our official accountability system, such as: the officer standard thought in the traditional officialdom culture is inveterate among the officer leader, the vague distinguishability between the right and the duty in administration system, the lack of main body, the innormative of official accountability system procedure, the attention paid to the consubstantiality accountability but not to the variant accountability and so on.

包括公务员制度实施前后，我国问责制在发展过程中存在的问题，如对领导干部问责制存在着认识误区；传统官场文化中的官本位思想在领导干部头脑中根深蒂固；行政体制中权责划分模糊；问责主体缺位；问责程序不规范；强调惩罚机制，忽视激励机制等问题。

The equibalent consumer's surplus equals the amout of a lump-sum tax which the consumer, after purchasing a certain quantity of X at a given price, would have to pay in order to be pushed down to the same indifference level that he would attain if an increase in the price of X cause him to purchase a smaller quantity of X at the higher price

价格变化的 Laspeyre 成本差：为使消费者刚好能够购买变化前他所能购买的物品量而从他那里取走的补偿金的数额。

Mission Hills in Shenzhen cow town of Lake Village, one side of the production base of industrial areas, has brand new plant, the cause of large-scale production 6 classes, 20 production lines, an area of 10,000 square meters, building area of 20,00 square meters, more than 1,000 employees.

位于深圳市观澜镇牛湖方一村工业区的生产基地，拥有全新的厂房、6大生产事业课、20条生产线，占地10，000平方米，建筑面积20，00平方米，员工1000余人。

The cause of conflict has it origin in the conflicting internal philosophy of individuals on an equal basis,that is,civil law is toward protecting personal rights,while crim...

民法优先是契约精神在民刑冲突的法律适用中的必然选择。实践中应具体考量社会公正、功利主义、社会效益、从严解释四个价值导向。

Chapter Three expounds the contents of the main risks confronted our state-owned commercial banks in current situation and then analyzed the cause of formation of the main risks. I hold the opinion that the key factors that curb the improvement of risk management in our state-owned banks are as follows: the limitation of the property right system, the imperfectness of the credit legal system and the backwardness of the technological means in risk management.

第三章阐述了现阶段我国商业银行面临的主要风险的内容，随后分析了主要风险的成因，认为产权制度缺陷、外部市场缺陷、信用法制环境不完善，风险管理的技术手段落后是制约目前国有商业银行风险管理能力提高的关键因素。

Cytochrome P450(CYP450) plays an important role in the cause and therapy of tumors.

细胞色素氧化酶P4 50在肿瘤的发病和治疗中起着不容忽视的作用。

Variations 52.3 Exceeding 15 Percent If, on the issue of the Taking-Over Certificate for the whole of the Works, it is found that as a result of: all varied work valued under Sub-Clause 52.1 and 52.2, and all adjustments upon measurement of the estimated quantities set out in the Bill of Quantities, excluding Provisional Sums, daywork and adjustments of price made under Clause 70, But not from any other cause, there have been additions to or deductions from the Contract Price which taken together are in excess of 15 per cent of the "Effective Contract Price"(which for the purposes of this Sub-Clause shall mean the Contract Price excluding Provisional Sums, and allowance for dayworks, if any) then and in such event (subject to Any action already taken under any other Sub-Clause of this Clause), after due consultation by the Engineer with the Employer and the Contractor, there shall be added to or deducted from the Contract Price such further further sum as may be agreed between the Contractor and the Engineer or, failing agreement, determined by the Engineer having regard to the Contractor's Site and general overhead costs of the Contract.

如果在签发整个工程接收证书时，发现由于： 47 超过百分之 52.3 十五(15%)的变更所有按第52.1款和52.2款规定作价的全部变更工程；对工程量清单中开列的估算数量进行计量所做的全部调整费用，但不包括所有暂定金额，计日工作费用及按本文第 70 条规定所作的价格调整。而并非由于任何其他原因，当加到或从合同价中减去的金额总和超过了有效合同价格就本款而言，应指不包括暂定金额和计日工(如有的话的合同价的 15%时，那么，工程师应在与承包人和业主协商后，在考虑据本款采取的任何步骤后，再将合同价减少或增加一笔工程师与承包人协商的调整金额，若不能达成一致意见，则由工程师考虑承包人的现场管理费用及总管理费开文后确定此数额。

The cause of desertification is one of important parts in desertification research.

土地沙漠化成因机制的研究具有非常重要的理论与实践意义。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。