查询词典 in the background

Although color words in the two language share something in common,due to different language habits, historic background, traditional customs and so on, there are many differences in the use of colors and color words as well as in the understanding and mastering of the same color.

但由于语言习惯，历史背景，传统风俗，经济政治状况等方面差异，颜色词语有时有表现出各民族独特的"个性"。两种语言中表示颜色的方法和用词有很多不同，对同一颜色的理解也有很大差别。

BACKGROUND: Recently, the interest in micellization of amphiphilic star-shaped polymer has exponentially increased in the field of drug delivery.

摘要背景：近年来，在药物载体材料领域，两亲性星形聚合物的自组装胶束化引起了人们的关注。

At this academic background,the air of Jiwang in some stele texts revived in the north.

在这一学术史背景下，北方地区的一些碑志中出现集王风气的复兴。

Two features about Ardimasov's still-life's are apparent. First, the flowers and grass he depicts are mostly wild flowers and grass in nature; second, all subjects are set against the background of nature or in nature.

阿尔基马索夫的静物画有两个鲜明的特点：其一是以花卉为主的静物的题材，主要是来自大自然的野花与野草；其二是静物的设置，都是以自然为北京，或直接置于自然之中。

In the first chapter, the application background and the main algorithms of the complementarity problems is introduced. In Chapter 2, some basic definitions and theories of complementarity problems are introduced. The 3rd chapter is the most important part of this paper, in which a new class of smoothing Newton method is detailed, also the global and local superlinear convergence is established for the method. In the 4th chapter, we propose some numerical experiment, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

全文共分为四章，各部分内容安排如下：第一章是绪论部分，介绍了互补问题的应用背景和近年来有关互补问题求解方法的研究成果；第二章介绍了与互补问题相关的一些定义以及相关的定理和推论；第三章是本文的重点，构造了求解互补问题的一类光滑牛顿法，从理论上证明了算法的全局收敛性和局部超线性收敛性；第四章是数值实验，通过数值试验的结果进一步证明了算法的可行性和有效性。

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

There are three key points of innovation in this paper. 1.After analyzing Japanese corporate culture by Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions, the paper analyzes the characteristics of communication in Japanese corporate. And by the background of the current Chinese situation and human nature, it further discusses the new needs of internal communication in Japanese companies in China. 2.According to the needs, the paper gives some new practical solutions such as to build the channels for communication on the"per-department"basis. Also, it testifies the necessity and feasibility of these solutions by a questionnaire. 3.The author uses the concrete analysis of K Co., one of her research projects, to draw implications for building the efficient internal communication.

本文在现有研究成果的基础上主要有三个创新点：一是通过霍夫斯塔德的文化维度理论分析了日本企业文化特点，指出了相应的日本企业内部沟通上的独特性，并基于中国现阶段人性特点，提出了在华日企不同于传统日本企业的沟通上的新要求；二是针对这些要求提出了建立以部门为基本单位的沟通渠道等一系列新建议，并用调查问卷的方式对这些建议和措施进行了必要性和可行性验证；三是将本文得出的研究成果应用于笔者所在的工作单位K企业，运用本文观点进行了具体的案例分析，并参与制定了加强和完善K企业内部沟通的策略和措施。

The rules of tides in tideway in lack of hydrological data are studied against the background of the flood control operation in Buji River Basin.

以深圳市布吉河流域的防洪调度为背景，在各种水文资料严重不足的情况下，研究了感潮河段的潮汐一般规律，通过对布吉河口的水位进行潮水和洪水的分离，用一种分段线性拟合的方法，对洪水波产生的增水进行了定量的分析，并且提出了根据潮水预报和增水关系进行潮水补偿调度的具体计算方法和过程。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的"同物异谱"现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被"红边"范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

Changsha and the source of the Green Technology Co., Ltd., 2005 is the new specialized in natural plant development, cultivation, production, sale and planting of high-tech private enterprises, companies located in Changsha, Hunan and strategic location, has good professional background, to In the development and production of Trifolium, Blueberry, saw more than 30 kinds of brown and other natural plant extracts.

长沙绿之源生物技术有限公司，是2005年新建的专业从事天然植物开发、种植、生产、销售高科技民营植化企业，公司位于湖南省长沙市，地理位置优越，拥有良好的专业背景，致力于开发生产红车轴，越橘，锯叶棕等30多种天然植物提取物。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。