查询词典 in spirit
- 与 in spirit 相关的网络例句 [注:此内容来源于网络,仅供参考]
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SB Babbage, Man in Nature and Grace; E Brunner, Man in Revolt; G Carey, I Believe in Man; S Cave, The Christian Estimate of Man; D Cairns, The Image of God in Man; W Eichrodt, Man in the OT ; WG Kummel, Man in the NT ; J Laidlaw, The Bible Doctrine of Man; JG Machen, The Christian View of Man; HD McDonald, The Christian View of Man; J Moltmann, Man; J Orr, God's Image in Man; HW Robinson, The Christian Doctrine of Man; RF Shedd, Man in Community; CR Smith, The Bible Doctrine of Man; WD Stacey, The Pauline View of Man; TF Torrance, Calvin's Doctrine of Man; CA vanPeursen, Body, Soul, Spirit; JS Wright, What Is Man?
锑巴贝奇,人在自然和恩典;电子邮件布,人在起义; G凯里,我相信人;山洞,基督教估计人; D凯恩斯,图像在上帝的人; W Eichrodt ,人在加时赛;工作组Kummel ,人在新台币; J莱德劳,圣经学说的人; JG麦,基督教观的人;高清麦当劳,基督教观的人; J莫尔特曼,男; J奥尔,上帝的形象在人;老罗宾逊,基督教学说的人;射频谢德,人在共同体;责任史密斯,圣经学说的人;的WD斯泰西,波利娜观的人;因子托兰斯,加尔文的学说的人;加利福尼亚州vanPeursen ,身体,灵魂,精神;江苏赖特,什麼是人?
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In music structure, through the contract of the musical form structure of this work and the typical classical concerto musical form structure, it summarized the inheritance of classicism concerto structure and the personalized innovation of national style of this work, and emerged Chopin"s inheritance in concerto creation and his innovative spirit in this area. In melody, by centering the elaboration on the vocal and colorful melody, it fully displayed Chopin"s unique artistic style and distinct romanticized characteristic in melody creation. In rhythm, with the analysis of the third music movement"s rhythm, we could learn the rhythm of mazurka which penetrated the entire music movement and which had typical Poland national characteristics, the national characteristics of the work, and the primary form of characteristic rhythm. Furthermore, it revealed the national essence and the origin material in Chopin"s works. At last, in harmony, from the aspects of linearity and the sound thought of semitone, the counter-function harmony proceeding in breaking traditions, the harmony technique in function-extended, the charm in detuned chord, the blending of sound rhythm and music situation, it analyzed and summarized the distinct romanticism in harmony arranging in the work.
音乐结构上,通过作品曲式结构与古典协奏曲典型曲式结构的对比,总结作品对古典主义协奏曲结构的沿袭和民族风格的个性化创新,展现了肖邦在协奏曲创作的继承和创新精神;旋律上,主要围绕作品旋律的歌唱性和色彩性进行论述,充分展现肖邦在旋律创作上独特的艺术风格和鲜明的浪漫主义特征;节奏上,通过对第三乐章的节奏分析,展现了贯穿整个乐章的具有典型波兰民族特色的玛祖卡节奏,阐述作品的民族特色,并追溯特征节奏的原形,进一步揭示肖邦创作的民族本质和素材来源;和声上,从半音化的线性和声思维、突破传统的反功能和声进行、功能延伸式的和声手法、音阶化的转调模进手法、离调和弦的色彩魅力等几个方面入手,分析和总结了作品在和声运用上新颖、鲜明的浪漫主义特色。
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To cherish peace and friendly intercourse with all nations having correspondent dispositions; to maintain sincere neutrality toward belligerent nations; to prefer in all cases amicable discussion and reasonable accommodation of differences to a decision of them by an appeal to arms; to exclude foreign intrigues and foreign partialities, so degrading to all countries and so baneful to free ones; to foster a spirit of independence too just to invade the rights of others, too proud to surrender our own, too liberal to indulge unworthy prejudices ourselves and too elevated not to look down upon them in others; to hold the union of the States as the basis of their peace and happiness; to support the Constitution, which is the cement of the Union, as well in its limitations as in its authorities; to respect the rights and authorities reserved to the States and to the people as equally incorporated with and essential to the success of the general system; to avoid the slightest interference with the right of conscience or the functions of religion, so wisely exempted from civil jurisdiction; to preserve in their full energy the other salutary provisions in behalf of private and personal rights, and of the freedom of the press; to observe economy in public expenditures; to liberate the public resources by an honorable discharge of the public debts; to keep within the requisite limits a standing military force, always remembering that an armed and trained militia is the firmest bulwark of republic that without standing armies their liberty can never be in danger, nor with large ones safe; to promote by authorized means improvements friendly to agriculture, to manufactures, and to external as well as internal commerce; to favor in like manner the advancement of science and the diffusion of information as the best aliment to true liberty; to carry on the benevolent plans which have been so meritoriously applied to the conversion of our aboriginal neighbors from the degradation, and wretchedness of savage life to a participation of the improvements of which the human mind and manners are susceptible in a civilized state, as far as sentiments, and intentions such as these can aid the fulfillment of my duty, they will be a resource with can not fail me.
珍惜和平以及同所有有交往意向的国家的友好交往;对交战各国保持真正中立;在任何情况下,优先考虑以友善的讨论和理性来处理异议,而非通过武力来做出决定;排除外国阴谋和外国偏颇,这些对所有国家都造成堕落,对自由国家更为有害;培养一种独立的精神,其之公正不会侵犯他人权利,其之自豪不会丢弃自身权利,其之宽大不使我们自己纵养不值的偏见,其之高尚使我们蔑视他人的这些偏见;把众州的联合保持为众州和平和幸福的基础,拥护作为联邦链结的宪法,不论是其限制或权力;尊重保留给各州和人民的权利,因为它的重要性把它平等地纳入联邦总体的成功之中;避免最轻微的对良知权利和宗教功能的干涉,这些在民事裁判中豁免;代表私人和个人的权利以及媒体自由,以其全部的能量来保留其它相关有益条款;在公共花费中坚持节约;通过偿还公共债务来解放公共资源;在必要的限度下保持一支常备军,时刻要记住武装并训练过的民兵才是共和国的中流砥柱,即是,没有常备军他们的自由从未有危险,而有了一支庞大军队也未必安全,通过授权的手段来发展有益于农业,制造业,对外和对内的商业,以适当的方式支持科学的发展和信息的传播来作为真正自由的最好食粮;执行善意的计划以把我们的土著邻居从,野蛮生活的低贱和不幸中转化到参加入一个文明国家内人的思维,和举止都倾向的改良中--只要如此的思想,和意图能辅助我职责的履行,它们将成为不使我失败的资本。
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To cherish peace and friendly intercourse with all nations having correspondent dispositions; to maintain sincere neutrality toward belligerent nations; to prefer in all cases amicable discussion and reasonable accommodation of differences to a decision of them by an appeal to arms; to exclude foreign intrigues and foreign partialities, so degrading to all countries and so baneful to free ones; to foster a spirit of independence too just to invade the rights of others, too proud to surrender our own, too liberal to indulge unworthy prejudices ourselves and too elevated not to look down upon them in others; to hold the union of the States as the basis of their peace and happiness; to support the Constitution, which is the cement of the Union, as well in its limitations as in its authorities; to respect the rights and authorities reserved to the States and to the people as equally incorporated with and essential to the success of the general system; to avoid the slightest interference with the right of conscience or the functions of religion, so wisely exempted from civil jurisdiction; to preserve in their full energy the other salutary provisions in behalf of private and personal rights, and of the freedom of the press; to observe economy in public expenditures; to liberate the public resources by an honorable discharge of the public debts; to keep within the requisite limits a standing military force, always remembering that an armed and trained militia is the firmest bulwark of republics——that without standing armies their liberty can never be in danger, nor with large ones safe; to promote by authorized means improvements friendly to agriculture, to manufactures, and to external as well as internal commerce; to favor in like manner the advancement of science and the diffusion of information as the best aliment to true liberty; to carry on the benevolent plans which have been so meritoriously applied to the conversion of our aboriginal neighbors from the degradation and wretchedness of savage life to a participation of the improvements of which the human mind and manners are susceptible in a civilized state——as far as sentiments and intentions such as these can aid the fulfillment of my duty, they will be a resource which can not fail me.
我认为应珍视与所有志同道合的国家的和平相处和友好往来;对所有交战国则保持真诚的中立;在任何情况下,对分歧都应采取友善的协商和理智的调停,而不能诉诸武力加以解决;来自国外的种种阴谋诡计和对外国的偏袒不公,对任何国家来说都是卑下可鄙的,对自由国家则更是危害非浅,故应予以摒弃;要培育一种独立的精神,这种精神非常公正而不会侵犯他人的权利,非常自尊而不会放弃我们自己的权利,非常开明而不耽溺于我们自己毫无价值的偏见,非常高尚而必然鄙弃他人抱有的偏见;要把各州的团结作为我们和平与幸福的基础;要拥护作为联邦凝聚剂的宪法,不仅维护它的权威,而且遵从它的限制;要尊重保留给各州和保留给人民的各项权利和权力,这对整个制度的成功同样休戚相关和不可或缺;信仰的权利和总价的功能已然明智地排除在民事管辖的范围之外,故应避免加以丝毫的干涉;要维护旨在保障私人权利、人身权利和出版自由的其他有益规定的全部活力;政府开支要厉行节约;要通过光荣地清偿公债以调动公共资源;要把常备军事力量控制在必要的限度以内,应时刻牢记,一支训练有素的武装民兵便是所有共和国最坚强的堡垒,没有常备军,他们的自由决不至于陷入危险的境地,而庞大的武装则未必意味着安全;要采用合法的手段推动有利于农业制造业和国内外贸易的各项改进措施;要以同样方式支持科学的进步和知识的传播,此乃真正自由的最佳养份;要继续执行慈善计划,这些计划一直都在值得称道地实施,以改造我们的土著邻居,使他们摆脱野蛮生活的堕落和不幸,得以分享文明状态下人们在心灵和举止上所惯有的各种改善成果。以上种种想法和打算,只要有助于我完成使命,便是不会令我失望的一个源泉。
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Firstly, most articles about Hong Kong by Taiwanese authors during 1950s and 1960s featured transients and refugees, revealing the tumultuous Hong Kong society in early 1950s. Secondly, in their writings between 1970s and 1980s, most Taiwanese writers either vented their thinking of the motherland or witness the moment of political transform and opening-up or directly throw themselves in the rising wave in Hong Kong of the pursuit of their Hong Kong and emotion identities, which offers insight into the social phenomena and the concerns over the future of the city. Thirdly, before and after Hong Kong's return to China in 1997, Taiwanese authors had in-depth observation and comprehension of the atmosphere and ambience in Hong Kong at the time. Lastly, in the new era after the return of Hong Kong, Taiwanese authors started to excavate, using their unique esthetic views and values, the pleb culture that can best represent the spirit of Hong Kong and in the meantime constructed the distinctive landscape of sense of taste and memory of Hong Kong beyond its skyscrapers.
首先,一九五○至六○年代的台湾作家的香港书写,以过客和难民为主角,呈现出五○年代初期政治动荡下的香港社会景况;其次,一九七○至八○年代的台湾作家在作品里抒发家国思念之情、见证两岸政治转型开放时刻,或是直接投入香港本土兴起对於本土身分与认同情感追寻的热潮,对於香港社会百态及前途问题皆有深刻的见解;再者,於香港九七回归前后,台湾作家对当时香港氛围有深刻的观察和体会;最后,在九七后的新世纪香港,台湾作家以独特的审美观与价值观,挖掘最能代表香港精神的庶民文化,并在标帜香港特色的摩天大厦群之外建构出独特的香港味觉景观与记忆。
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China, although in change, but that broad grand palace still stood erect in there, Beijing, we look up to sacred Imperial Palace, just liked passes through in 5000 by it, all previous dynasties emperor's soul has been surging; That tumbling's mother river was still roaring, she not old, the yellow only represents China's color, that deep our livelihood color turned the whitecap to wash China's hero, billowing east; That deep sleep's green big dragon still wound in the world roof, that greatest the Great Wall procession which makes one praise to the heavens in there protector's all China descendants, is guarding, and is ridiculing that crowd of ants yi; That crowd the blood and sweat spread in the deep loess ground industrious people, still in breeding from generation to generation, that spirit, the Confucian thoughts which, the historian pinnacle of poetic creation, the literature treasure, the mysterious Chinese medicine that inherited, but also had the pride which the achievement dragon taught other people, took Chinese people's be proud, took in the world still the magnificent ancient nation not to be possible to blaspheme only, our full laughing, because of us, because our nationality was such great makes one kneel mysteriously bends down in ground lies prostrate in worship, our country was industrious brave has the bright cultural people by a crowd to be composed honestly like this, we loved motherland!!
China,尽管在改变,但是那恢弘雄伟的宫殿仍屹立在那里,北京,我们仰望神圣的故宫,恍如透过它穿越了5000年,历代皇帝的灵魂在激荡;那翻滚的母亲河仍然在咆哮,她没有苍老,黄色只是代表中国的颜色,那深厚的我们赖以生存的颜色翻着白浪淘尽了中国的英雄,滚滚东去;那沉睡的青色巨龙仍蜿蜒在世界的最高处,那最伟大的令人叹为观止的万里长城盘窝在那里守护者所有的华夏子孙,守卫着、并嘲笑着那群蝼蚁般的蛮夷;那一群将血汗播撒在深黄土地上的勤劳的人们,仍然在一代一代的孕育下去,那精神,那传承下去的儒家思想、史家绝唱、文学瑰宝、神奇的中医,还有作为龙的传人的骄傲,作为炎黄子孙的自豪,作为世界上唯一仍旧辉煌的文明古国的不可亵渎,我们酣畅淋漓的大笑,因为我们自己,因为我们的民族是那样的伟大神奇令人跪伏在地上顶礼膜拜,我们的国家是由这样一群勤劳勇敢正直拥有灿烂文化的人们组成的,我们所爱的祖国!!
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The thesis is organized into three parts: in the first part, through analysis of the ideal of habitat environment in the traditional culture, the central issues of the study -natural ecology and morphological ecology - are proposed; in the second part, through the theory of sustainable development and ecology, the typical cased in traditional habitat are evaluated from different standpoints, and sustainable development strategies of the traditional habitat environment in the aspects of natural ecology and morphological ecology are recapitulated; in the third part, with cases of the experimental practices nowadays in habitat environment, the possibility of the representation and development of the spirit in the traditional ideal habitat environment are finally presented.
本文的研究框架分为三个部分:第一部分通过对传统文化中反映的人居环境理想的分析,提出传统理想人居环境的研究核心——自然生态与形态生态;第二部分运用当今的可持续发展理论、生态学观点,多角度地评析了传统人居环境的典型案例,概括出传统人居环境在实现自然生态与形态生态两个方面所遵循的可持续发展的原则;第三部分从目前人居环境领域内的实验性探索切入,探索了传统的理想人居环境精华在当代再现并发展的可能性。
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From May 4th Movement of 1919 to the 1920s, sex love narrations in Chinese novels were rather an enlightenment and liberation in that particular era with four characteristics. Firstly, sexual desire was endowed with rationality with regard to liberation of human nature and mutual love. Secondly, with an epochal concern for a stronger and superior race, greater attention was paid to sexual parties concerned, mainly physically. Thirdly, new ethics on sex were promoted in that personal freedom on sex love was emphasized and sex love became an important way of self-fulfillment. Therefore, independence of sex love was advocated and the scope of sex love was also widened. Fourthly, the sex consciousness of this period had the mixed features of the past and the contemporary. Sex love narrations in the 1930s and 1940s showed a further exploration on the theme of human nature. First of all, sex was restored to a kind of desire. ShenCongwen probed the importance of harmonious sex love to a sound personality and Shi Zhecunrevealed that sexual inhibition could lead to the distortion, even frenzy of human nature. Bothexplored the influence and functions of sexual desire as human nature upon human personality,giving prominence to the irresistibleness of sexual desire and the significance of sexual desire asa motive. Then, human bodies driven by sexual desire were described and given greater attentionto. Next, ethics on sex were deconstructed either by Shen Congwen who opposed man-madeethics with law of nature and the School of New Sensation who replaced traditional ethics on sexwith exchange rules in consumption, or by Shi Zhecun who spared no efforts in representing thecomplete failure of social rules, including ethics on sex, due to the impact from sexual desire.The direct effect was a paleness of the ethical binding force on sex. Last, sex consciousness inthe works of female writers emerged. In the early works of Ding Ling, the sexual desire of thefemale is no longer a ramification of emotion but an independent one. In addition, in the sex lovenarrations of other female writers, such as Mei Niang, strong self-consciousness on the socialstatus of the female is also reflected. Sex love narrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s wereactually a re-enlightenment in the spirit of humanism, whose major features include humanisticlegitimation of sex love within the boundary of ethics, a blend of sex love narrations withnational concepts and national myths as well as the aesthetic, poetic descriptions of humanbodies etc. In the middle and late 1980s, sex love narrations entered a stage of exploration forpluralism. First, by restoration of sexual desire, writers of this era restored human nature, thevery original state of human being. Different emphasis and tendencies could be seen in differentwriters: looking at sex love dialectically and trying to describe its creative as well as destructivecharacteristics; connecting sex love with violence and trying to reveal the evil side of humannature through it; emphasizing the creativeness of sex love especially in the heritage of"wildness".
从&五四&到20世纪20年代,中国小说的性爱叙事是一种处在时代夹缝中的启蒙和解放,其所表现出来的特点,一是正面赋予性欲望以合理性,这种合理性是在人性解放和爱情前提下获得的;二是在强种育种的时代焦虑影响下小说性爱叙事表现出对物质身体的关注,其焦点主要在体格方面;三是树立起新的性伦理道德观念,表现为强调在性爱问题上的个人选择自由,性爱成为个人自我实现的重要方式,从而赋予人在性爱问题上的独立性,同时还扩大了性爱表现的领域;四,这个时期小说性爱叙事中所表现出的性意识还具有新旧杂糅的特点。30、40年代小说性爱叙事表现出对人性主题的深化与丌拓,首先是把性还原为欲望本身来探索,沈从文从和谐性爱对健全人性的决定作用、施蛰存从性压抑会导致人性扭曲甚至疯狂的角度探讨作为人类本质性欲望的性对人性产生的影响和作用,突出了性欲力量的不可抗拒和作为人类行为的重要动力等方面的内容;其次在叙事中表现出对欲望化了的身体的描绘与关注;第三是解构了性的伦理道德,无论是沈从文以自然法则来反对人为的道德设置还是新感觉派用消费交换原则替代传统性伦理道德,或是施蛰存极力表现包括性伦理规范在内的社会法则在性欲力量冲击下溃不成军,其直接的效果都是使性伦理道德对人的约束力量显得苍白虚弱;第四,出现了由女性作家表现的女性性意识,在丁玲的早期作品中女性的性欲望不再是作为感情的衍生物而是独立的欲望存在,而在梅娘等其他女作家的小说性爱叙事中则表现出对女性社会地位的强烈自觉意识。70年代末80年代初期小说的性爱叙事实际上是在人道主义语境下的再次启蒙,其主要特征一是性爱在人道主义前提下获得合法性,但要求性爱不超出伦理规定的范围;再就是将性爱叙事同国家观念和民族神话相融合;此外还有对身体的描写审美化诗意化等。80年代中后期,小说性爱叙事进入了多元化探索的阶段,作家通过还原性欲望来还原人性、还原人类的本真状态,不同作家笔下表现为不同的侧重和倾向——以辨证的方式看待性爱,写出其具有的创造性力量和毁灭性特征;将性爱与暴力相联系并通过其来表现人性的黑暗;强调性爱的创造性作用,尤其在民族&血性&的传承方面。
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Dresdner leading enterprises under the correct guidance of the intelligence services with the intentions of doing things the Dresdner won the community spirit of great concern, we have won various awards, in September 2006, held in the Mission District sunshine student activities, we have the honor of being named "Sunshine Student advanced units" general manager late Liqun, was named "Sunshine Student advanced individuals," Dresdner House committee in a short span of less than one year time, it was named "red flag committee of the province on May 4" title in 2005 was named Daqing City "great Gold Pot," 2006 by the China Commerce Federation as a "qualified business credit unit", the same year was in Heilongjiang Province Fresh Institute of Culture as a "food industry integrity unit", in 2006 was named Daqing City,"Youth Civilization" in 2007 was named "advanced unit in the National young workers", and on behalf of Daqing City was recommended as the "National Top 10 brands advanced units enterprise culture "in July 2007, I set up shop in the party branches, the same year in August received from the county's five district committee of four backbone learn, August 3 I shop as a private first Daqing City Food enterprises set up the Daqing City "double New Youth Alliance", General Manager of late Liqun, was named the new dual-Chairman of the Council of Youth Union, in 2007 Dresdner House committee only as Daqing City received a home catering business leadership of the Central Committee of Inspection guidance.
在德盛企业领导的正确指引下,凭着以情服务、用心做事的德盛精神赢得了社会各界高度关注,我们曾多次获得了各项殊荣,在2006年9月份,在团区委举办的阳光助学活动中,我们荣幸的被评为《阳光助学先进单位》,在德盛楼团委短短成立不到一年的时间,就被评为《全省五四红旗团委》荣誉称号,2005年被评为大庆市《十佳金牌火锅》,2006被中国商业联合会评为《商业信用合格单位》,同年被黑龙江省食文化研究所评为《食品行业诚信单位》,2006年被评为大庆市《青年文明号》2007年被评为《全国务工青年先进单位》,并代表大庆市被推荐为《全国十大品牌企业文化建设先进单位》2007年7月我店成立了党支部,同年8月接待了来自五区四县的团委骨干观摩学习活动, 8月3日我店做为大庆市第一家私营餐饮企业成立了大庆市《双新青年联盟》,2007年德盛楼团委做为大庆市唯一家餐饮企业接待了团中央领导检查指导。同年又荣获了《中华绿色饭店》《中国餐饮名店》殊荣。
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First of all, Chinese unique geographical surroundings result in cultivation civilization, in which people's living and production were utterly influenced or even controlled by sun and such disasters as floods and droughts caused by sun made our ancestors much more dread and hate the moon. On the contrary, in the view of our ancestors, moon not only is beneficial to the growth of crops, but brings about brightness, coolness and enjoyment, which in turn makes moon much more popular than sun. As a carrier of national emotion, mythology also contributes to the development of "valuing moon above sun"in that the collective unconscious of hating sun but loving moon reflected in mythologies such as "Hou Yi Shot the suns"and "Chang E's fly to moon"easily finds its expression in the course of selecting poetic images. Philosophically,"masculine"and "feminine"are realized in many aspects of social life, but the trinity of sun, monarchy and father, which is identical with "masculine"dominates the political and ethical field while the trinity of moon, mother and daughter, which represents "feminine", plays a leading part in culture and art. So far as poetry is concerned, the image of moon has an overwhelming superiority. Aesthetically speaking, the moon spirit has been embodied in several ways. Moon is both the origin and the summit of such aesthetic standards as softy, sweetness and clearness, so it is reasonable that the image of moon has been regarded as aesthetic object in poetry much more frequently than the image of sun.
中华民族所处的独特的地理环境孕育出了农耕文明,在农业社会中,太阳对人们的生产生活具有绝对的控制与影响,因日而起的水旱灾害更加深了先民对太阳的畏惧与仇恨;而月亮在先民心中,不仅能促进农作物的生长,而且带来了与太阳相反的皎洁、清凉、闲适,所以月亮比太阳受到更多的欢迎;神话是是民族情感的载体,&后羿射日&与&嫦娥奔月&所映射的恨日爱月的集体无意识,在诗歌意象的选取中自然地流露出来,有助于&重月轻日&现象的形成;哲学上的&阴&&阳&范畴在人们社会生活的多个方面均有体现,但与&阳&直接同一的&日—君—父&三位一体控制了政治、伦理领域;而代表&阴&的&月—母—女&则在文化、艺术领域占据了突出地位,具体到诗歌中,则是月亮意象完全压倒日意象;审美上的月神精神,在月亮意象上得到了多方面的反映,月亮既是阴柔美、恬静美、澄澈美等艺术审美准则的来源,也是其最高体现,月亮意象自然比日意象更多地进入诗歌审美领域,成为审美对象。
- 相关中文对照歌词
- Spirit In The Dark
- Spirit In The Sky
- Kill In The Spirit World
- Spirit In The Night
- Dance In The Spirit
- Spirit In The Dark
- Walking In The Spirit
- Spirit In The Sky
- In Spirit Golden
- Friends In Spirit
- 推荐网络例句
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She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends
她婉言拒绝了,但同意作为朋友相处。
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If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.
要是在劳改农场,你等着挨绳子吧!
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Several theories about reigniting and extinguishing of the arc have been refered.
本文综合考虑了几种电弧重燃和熄灭理论。