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Compared with classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes , NK cells are superior in the following aspects: NK cells are among the first cell types to be activated after intracellular pathogen stimuli, the activity of NK cells peaked between 1 to 3 days, retained during the first 7-10 days, and the T cells response emerged only after 7 days when the NK cell responses begin to decline; though comprising of only 10％-15％ of peripheral lymphocytes, NK cells mobilize most of the cell populations in a strong and high level response to different invasions, and act as key factors at early defense before a specific immune response could mount, while only certain clones were involved in T cell response; NK cells kill virus-infected or malignant transformed cells without pre-sensitization and without restriction by major histocompatibility antigen, which is usually a mechanism of immune escape to T cell recognition by virus-infected or tumor cells, thus NK cell in complementary with T cells play crucial roles in tumor and virus eradication.

NK细胞以其强大的细胞毒活性为特征，与细胞毒性T细胞相比，NK细胞具有如下特点：NK细胞虽然只占外周血淋巴细胞的10-15％，但是对刺激性因素产生应答的过程十分迅速，一次可以调动大多数细胞共同参与，而不是几个克隆的活化，免疫应答的强度高；病毒感染或恶性转化细胞的一个主要特征是细胞表达的MHCⅠ类分子下降或消失，并借助这一机制逃避特异性T细胞应答的识别，NK细胞介导的杀伤活性无需抗原刺激，不受MHCⅠ分子表达的限制，从而与T细胞应答互为补充发挥免疫防御的功能；NK细胞的免疫活性可以被多种细胞因子上调，其中IFNα，IL-2，IL-12，IL-15和IL-18具备更强的作用；NK细胞具有强大的细胞因子分泌功能，对于启动T细胞特异性应答必不可少。

The results were as follows:(1) The spectral sensitivity response at 14 monochromatic light selected through 340nm to 605nm occurred in curve with multiple peaks, the primary peak in 340nm (ultra-violet) is the highest response rate of phototaxis (21%), the secondary in 524nm, and the rest in 400-440nm and 483nm in order;(2) The response rate of phototaxis is increasing as the relative intensity of light, it is showed as curves with inverse "L" shape in white light and the monochromatic light of 483nm, as an upward ladder at 524nm and a near straight line at 340nm. However, the response rate could be detected at the lowest intensity and not arrived to the summit at the strongest yet;(3) The effect of sex to response to the spectral sensitivity and intensity is not significant;(4) There was not significant photophobism response to light for the ladybird, the behavior probably derived from phototaxis or partly due to random movements. It can be concluded that both the spectrum and intensity of light stimulus gave rise to the phototaxis of P.

结果显示：（1）在340~605nm波谱内其光谱趋光行为反应为多峰型，峰间主次不明显，紫外340nm处峰最高，趋光反应率达21%，其它各峰依大小次序分别位于绿光524nm、蓝光400~440nm和483nm处；（2）随光强增强其趋光反应率增大，白光和483nm刺激时其光强趋光行为反应呈一倒"L"型式样，524nm时呈一阶梯型，340nm时为一较平直的线型；光强最弱时仍均有一定趋光率，最强时均未出现高端平台；（3）性别对其光谱和光强度行为反应均有一定影响，但影响不大；（4）龟纹瓢虫无明显的避光反应，其避光行为可能是趋光行为衍生或其随机活动造成。

In order to disclose the adaptive strategies and capacity of Potaninia mongolica Maxim, acquired during its evolution history, the whole response system, which was composed of individual morphology plasticity response, organs anatomy structure response, physiological function response of anti-arid and anti-hotness, activities of protective enzymes response, endogenous hormone adjustment response, sexual reproduction strategies response of seeding, dispreading, sprouting and renewing, asexual reproduction strategies response of clonal growth patterns, clonal growth architectures, clonal growth architectures plasticity, heterogeneous resources utilization strategies, endogenous hormone distribution in clonal organs, foraging behavior, risk-spreading, and resource sharing, individual density allocation patterns response, niche differentiation response, species connection response, allelopathy response and biodiversity components response of the plant was profoundly explored in this paper.The studies come to at least four important results:(1) Taking the sensitive response and evading strategy to adapt to environment stress, Potaninia mongolica Maxim is a successful species has lived through the long-term evolution. Nevertheless, it is narrow climate and soil niche and characteristic of vegetation reproduction which has made the plant a rare and endangered species.

本论文通过对绵刺环境胁迫下个体形态可塑性响应、器官解剖结构响应、抗旱性和抗热性生理功能响应、保护酶系统激活响应、内源激素调控响应，有性繁殖对策中结实、扩散、萌发、更新等生活史过程响应，无性繁殖对策中克隆生长格局响应、克隆生长构型响应、克隆生长构型可塑性响应、克隆生长构型与资源异质性响应、内源激素调控克隆生长构型响应、克隆器官结构与功能响应、觅食行为响应、风险分摊响应、资源共享响应，种群中格局配置响应、生态位分异响应，群落中种间关联、异株克生响应、生物多样性组成响应等内容进行研究，揭示绵刺在进化过程中的适应对策和适应能力，为绵刺保护提供理论依据。

In response to stress, the usual physiologicalin the plasma increase. Thus, gluconeogenesis

面对紧迫，一般的生反应会增加血液中肾皮质素的浓。

They form a flexible cadre available on short notice in response to country requests or requests transmitted by the secretariats of Regional Commissions.

受聘人应成为一支灵活机动的骨干力量，随时准备对各国或各区域委员会秘书处提出的要求作出反应。

In response to the gradual erosion of their main selling point, Mr Kelly and his colleagues have begun offering their services as consultants on other aspects of employment, helping firms keep their best staff and manage successions.

为了遏止他们主要卖点被逐步的侵蚀，凯利和他的同事们开始将他们的顾问服务扩及到雇佣其他的方面上，例如如何保有最佳的员工以及安排继任的问题。

This was in response to the start of drilling for oil off the Falklands, within the exclusive economic zone claimed by the Falkland Islands government, with the support of the UK.

这是对于福克兰群岛开始在其外围开采原油的回应，福克兰群岛政府在英国的支持下声称对该专属经济区拥有主权。

Such intercolony ties were created only in response to political events that affected all the colonies—first the French and Indian War and then the struggle for independence.

只有当去对影响到所有殖民地的政治事件作出反映时，这样一种殖民地之间的联系才被建立。这样的政治事件第一次时法印战争，然后是为独立作出的斗争。

This mechanism is accelerating the loss of Greenland ice –and therefore sea level rise –in response to global warming.

随着全球变暖，这种机制正加速格陵兰岛冰原消失和海平面上升。

It seemed that he could hardly wait. Or was this in response to the extraordinary dharma powers of H.H.

好像他几乎等不及了，或者这是对三世多杰羌佛惊人佛法力量的回应？

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。