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In general, although the point is not always put in these terms, the complaint is that these recent anti-skeptical approaches offer us, at best, an epistemologically externalist response to skepticism when what we wanted was one that functioned within an epistemologically internalist framework.

一般来说（尽管这个关键点通常不是这样提出的），对这些最近的反怀疑论进路的抱怨是，这些至多是对怀疑论的认识上的外在论回应『 epistemologically externalist response 』，而我们所需要的是要在认识上的内在论框架『 epistemologically internalist framework 』内起作用的回应。

In hypersensitive response, plants use apoptosis in response to infection by pathogens to protect the whole plant survival.

在植物的超敏反应中，寄主细胞凋亡对限制病原物的扩散、保护植物整体发挥着重要作用

In response to ER stress, cells have developed a self-protective signal transduction pathway termed the unfolded protein response.

作为对内质网应激的响应，细胞形成了一条称为未折叠蛋白反应的自我保护信号转导通路。

You can either vanish in response to their trinket, or blind in response to their trinket.

你可以在他们徽章的时候消失或者致盲，然后是可能发生的情况

It will be demonstrated that these methods are able to monitor bronchoconstriction in safety-pharmacological tests or in asthma models showing early allergic response or late airway hyperresponsieness in response to inhaled allergens and demonstrate drug effects on pulmonary endpoints.

这些方法在安全药理学实验中可以监测支气管的收缩性，在吸入变应原的哮喘模型中可以显示早期的过敏反应和晚期的气道高反应性，并可以监测药物对肺功能的最终影响。

One can always count on culpability to look for ways of being exorcised, but it really isn't a question of guilt. To send a dollar in response to the absurd challenge of the advertisement, is the sacrificial response par excellence.

一个人可以总是指望能找到消除自身罪恶感的办法，但是这其实不是内疚的问题：寄出一美元作为对那个可笑的广告的挑战的反应其实是一种最大的牺牲性的反应。

Based on the enterprise of understanding the concept of crisis management awareness, and post-clearance business and the complex relationship between media and corporate crisis management in response to the media about the need for rapid response and respect for the media a number of basic principles, such as one by one analysis, and a general joint professional public relations companies and professionals, such as to clarify the position of a number of organizations to deal with the media approach Skills, itemizing.

当危机发生时，企业必须对此引起高度重视，努力去处理好与之相关的各个公众组织的关系。在处理危机事件时，毫无疑问，媒介是企业最需要关注，与之处理好关系的一个组织，因为它起着企业与其他组织之间沟通的一个很重要的桥梁的作用。一旦企业发生危机事件，媒介必然介入。在发生危机时努力处理好与媒介的关系，对企业来说是非常重要的。

Any of a large variety of immunoglobulins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response.

免疫球蛋白的一个大类，通常存在于体内，或针对某一抗原而产生，从而进行免疫反应。

In response to TCDD exposure, AhR nuclear translocator forms a heterodimer with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor after the ligand-dependent translocation of AhR to the nucleus, and eventually the complex binds to the xenobiotic response elements, which promote transcription of several specific genes, such as CYP1A1.However, the diverse effects of TCDD could not be simply explained by the AhR pathway.

对於戴奥辛的毒性机制，以往的研究认为与芳香基碳氢化合物受体（arylhydrocarbon receptor－AhR）的活化有关；TCDD 活化了AhR，被活化的AhR 从细胞质转移到细胞核内，在细胞核与另一个蛋白质AhR nuclear translocator形成二聚体，并与DNA 上的xenobiotic regulatory element结合，诱发某些基因（如：CYP1A1）的转译与表现；不过，单从AhR的代谢途径并不能解释所有生物上的毒性现象。

In the lungs, mainly derived from alveolar macrophages, airway epithelial cells, lymphocytes and neutrophil aggregation, IL-8 may tolerance serum and effusions Endopeptidase degradation, there a long time, which can be accumulated in local, in response to a sustained effect, enlarged inflammatory response .

在肺部，其主要来源于肺泡巨噬细胞，气道上皮细胞，淋巴细胞和聚集的中性粒细胞，IL-8可耐受血清和渗出液中肽酶的降解，存在时间长，因而能在局部累积，在反应中发挥持续效应，放大了炎症反应。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。