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PART 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics UNIT 1 A Electrical Networks B Three-phase Circuits UNIT 2 A The Operational Amplifier ——————————— 5 B Transistors UNIT 3 A Logical Variables and Flip-flop —————————— 8 ———————————— 3 B Binary Number System UNIT 4 A Power Semiconductor Devices —————————— 11 B Power Electronic Converters UNIT 5 A Types of DC Motors —————————————15 B Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers UNIT 6 A AC Machines ———————————————19 B Induction Motor Drive UNIT 7 A Electric Power System ————————————22 B Power System Automation PART 2 Control Theory UNIT 1 A The World of Control ————————————27 B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation UNIT 2 A B —————29 Stability and the Time Response ————————— 30 ————————————— 32 Steady State————————————————— 31 UNIT 3 A The Root Locus B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams ————— 33 UNIT 4 A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots ————— 34 B Nonlinear Control System 37 UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory B UNIT 6 State Equations 40 38 A Controllability, Observability, and Stability B Optimum Control Systems UNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent Control B Artificial Neural Network PART 3 UNIT 1 Computer Control Technology A Computer Structure and Function B 42 43 44 Fundamentals of Computer and Networks UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices B The Applications of Computers 46 UNIT 3 A PLC Overview B PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control 1 UNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer B Understanding DSP and Its Uses 49 UNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded Systems B Embedded Systems Design PART 4 UNIT 1 Process Control A A Process Control System 50 B Fundamentals of Process Control 53 52 UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters B Final Control Elements and Controllers UNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI Controllers B PID Controllers and Other Controllers UNIT 4 A Indicating Instruments B Control Panels PART 5 UNIT 1 Control Based on Network and Information A Automation Networking Application Areas B Evolution of Control System Architecture UNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control Systems B Stability of NCSs with Network-induced Delay UNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database System B Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated Manufacturing B Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond PART 6 UNIT 1 Synthetic Applications of Automatic Technology A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine Drivers B System Evolution in Intelligent Buildings UNIT 2 A Industrial Robot B A General Introduction to Pattern Recognition UNIT 3 A Renewable Energy B Electric Vehicles 2 UNIT 1 A

电路 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器，电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性。就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为： u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R =电阻，欧姆。纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt =电流变化率，安培/秒； L =感应系数，享利。电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷 q 。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量 dq 的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u=，式中电容量 C 是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为 i = dq/dt。因此电荷增量 dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或 dq = i dt，那么等式(1-1A-3)可写为式中 C =电容量，法拉。

PART 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics UNIT 1 A UNIT 2 A UNIT 3 A UNIT 4 A UNIT 5 A UNIT 6 A UNIT 7 A Electrical Networks ———————————— 3 B Three-phase Circuits The Operational Amplifier ——————————— 5 Logical Variables and Flip-flop —————————— 8 Power Semiconductor Devices —————————— 11 Types of DC Motors —————————————15 AC Machines ———————————————19 Electric Power System ————————————22 B Transistors B Binary Number System B Power Electronic Converters B Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers B Induction Motor Drive B Power System Automation PART 2 Control Theory UNIT 1 A B UNIT 2 A UNIT 3 A UNIT 4 A The World of Control ————————————27 Stability and the Time Response ————————— 30 The Root Locus ————————————— 32 The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29 B Steady State————————————————— 31 B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams ————— 33 The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots ————— 34 B Nonlinear Control System 37 UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory B B B PART 3 B B B State Equations Optimum Control Systems Artificial Neural Network Computer Control Technology 42 43 44 Fundamentals of Computer and Networks The Applications of Computers 46 40 38 UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and Stability UNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent Control UNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices UNIT 3 A PLC Overview PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control 1 UNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49 B B PART 4 B B B B PART 5 B B B B PART 6 Understanding DSP and Its Uses Embedded Systems Design Process Control 50 52 53 Fundamentals of Process Control UNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded Systems UNIT 1 A A Process Control System UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters Final Control Elements and Controllers PID Controllers and Other Controllers Control Panels Control Based on Network and Information Evolution of Control System Architecture Stability of NCSs with Network-induced Delay Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond Synthetic Applications of Automatic Technology UNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI Controllers UNIT 4 A Indicating Instruments UNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application Areas UNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control Systems UNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database System UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated Manufacturing UNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine Drivers B B B System Evolution in Intelligent Buildings A General Introduction to Pattern Recognition Electric Vehicles UNIT 2 A Industrial Robot UNIT 3 A Renewable Energy 2 UNIT 1 A

电路 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器，电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性。就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为： u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R =电阻，欧姆。纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt =电流变化率，安培/秒； L =感应系数，享利。电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷 q 。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量 dq 的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u=，式中电容量 C 是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为 i = dq/dt。因此电荷增量 dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或 dq = i dt，那么等式(1-1A-3)可写为式中 C =电容量，法拉。

Compared with classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes , NK cells are superior in the following aspects: NK cells are among the first cell types to be activated after intracellular pathogen stimuli, the activity of NK cells peaked between 1 to 3 days, retained during the first 7-10 days, and the T cells response emerged only after 7 days when the NK cell responses begin to decline; though comprising of only 10％-15％ of peripheral lymphocytes, NK cells mobilize most of the cell populations in a strong and high level response to different invasions, and act as key factors at early defense before a specific immune response could mount, while only certain clones were involved in T cell response; NK cells kill virus-infected or malignant transformed cells without pre-sensitization and without restriction by major histocompatibility antigen, which is usually a mechanism of immune escape to T cell recognition by virus-infected or tumor cells, thus NK cell in complementary with T cells play crucial roles in tumor and virus eradication.

NK细胞以其强大的细胞毒活性为特征，与细胞毒性T细胞相比，NK细胞具有如下特点：NK细胞虽然只占外周血淋巴细胞的10-15％，但是对刺激性因素产生应答的过程十分迅速，一次可以调动大多数细胞共同参与，而不是几个克隆的活化，免疫应答的强度高；病毒感染或恶性转化细胞的一个主要特征是细胞表达的MHCⅠ类分子下降或消失，并借助这一机制逃避特异性T细胞应答的识别，NK细胞介导的杀伤活性无需抗原刺激，不受MHCⅠ分子表达的限制，从而与T细胞应答互为补充发挥免疫防御的功能；NK细胞的免疫活性可以被多种细胞因子上调，其中IFNα，IL-2，IL-12，IL-15和IL-18具备更强的作用；NK细胞具有强大的细胞因子分泌功能，对于启动T细胞特异性应答必不可少。

Thus Clement, in paternal solicitude for the Churches committed to his care, endeavours to heal a dissension at Corinth and insists on the principles of unity and submission to authority, as best conducive to peace; Ignatius, fervent in his gratitude to the Churches which solaced him on his way to martyrdom, sends back letters of recognition, filled with admonitions against the prevailing heresy and highly spiritual exhortations to keep unity of faith in submission to the bishops; Polycarp, in forwarding Ignatian letters to Philippi, sends, as requested, a simple letter of advice and encouragement.

因此克莱门特，在父亲的关怀，为教会致力于他的照顾，尽力医治1纠纷，在科林斯和坚持原则的团结，并提交给权威，最利于本地区的和平；伊格火热，在他的感谢，教会，其中solaced他对他的方式，以殉道，回送信件的认可，充满训诫，对当时的异端和高度精神文明嘱托，以保持统一的信念，在提交给主教；利卡尔普致斐利在转发ignatian封信给Philippi撰写，发送，要求，简单的信中的建议和鼓励。

BACKGROUND: Injection molding can be used in producing a variety of orthotic devices of practical use in rehabilitation medicine. With its merits of convenient realization and stability, genetic algorism has found wide application in many fields, especially in machine learning, pattern recognition, intelligent control and optimization.

背景：塑料注塑成型技术可用于康复工程的多种实用矫形器中，遗传算法所表现出的易于实现及健壮性等特点，使它在许多领域，特别是近年来在机器学习、模式识别、智能控制和最优化等领域得到了广泛应用。

Main work in low level vision include researching methods of vehicle detecting and segmentation, as well as techniques of image pretreatment, background updating and shadow removal. In middle level, techniques of vehicle tracking were treated in detail, and Parameters of traffic flow were calculated too. Methods of pedestrian recognition were discussed and alarm of peccancy in traffic was detected in high level.

低层视觉中，主要研究了车辆的检测与分割的方法，还包括图像的预处理、背景更新以及阴影消除等技术的研究；中层视觉中，主要研究车辆跟踪的方法，以及交通参数的检测；高层视觉中，对行人识别技术进行了一定的，同时研究了违规情况的报警。

The sub-project named The impact of health risk on household income and consumption in rural area china started in the end of 2002.Owned to the MOA China, the workshop has completed the data entered and perceptivity works. Now the primary output is presented in 3 reports, this is 1st subject.1428 householdsand 8418 individuals are included by the survey, the main foundlings in this report includes: 1.the age time has come in China, their health problems should be recognition, in this sample the aged who is older than 65 have the incidence of a disease 36.1% in two weeks, and 36% can't get health care in

北京大学中国经济研究中心与农业部合作的课题题目"中国农村医疗保障制度建设"的子课题之一，"健康风险对中国农村地区家庭收入与消费的影响研究"，（课题主要负责人海闻教授，子课题负责人姚洋教授）自2002年末开始启动，在农业部农村发展研究中心的大力协助下，截至2003年6月完成全部问卷调查和数据录入及整理工作，现将初步的描述统计结果分为三个主题予以报告，本文为主题报告之一。

In the information era, there are many multimedia equipments in market, people can not use most of them freely. As a cost-effective system, SVS comes to undertake this role by providing professional large-screen display system and intelligent control system in overall. SVS insist to designing and producing large screen system, covering the products that based on projection technology, such as projector, projection TV, plasma, LCD TV, projection screen, video booth, Whiteboard, writing screen, big-screen mosaic system, matrix interface, video conferencing, central control system and other related accessories.Relying on a high level ideal of "creation and practical", with high-quality technology, market development and service team, SVS is in a fast lane of development. Since was built in 2003, has SVS achieved widespread attention and recognition in field, and established a good relationship with IT media, supporting manufacturers and industry research institutions, always thinking customers' demand and provide specific programs by Symposium, three-dimensional-type promotion, performance monitoring and analysis.

信息化时代，多媒体设备层出不穷，让人措手不及，无法真正去灵活运用，搭配出最佳适合用户需求的高性价比系统，SVS勇于承担这个角色，专业成就大屏幕显示系统与智能化控制系统整体方案设计及制造，SVS自始至终以大屏幕为主线，涵盖了以投影技术为基础或依托所开发、搭配或衍生的产品，包括投影机、背投电视、等离子、液晶电视、投影屏幕、视频展台、电子白板、书写屏、大屏幕拼接系统、矩阵接口、视频会议、中央控制系统及其他相关配件或零组件，公司依托一支具备"作风严禁、勇于创新、讲求实效"的高层次、高素质的技术开发、市场开拓及服务人才队伍，SVS正在惊人地快速发展，自创建以来，已经在业内取得了广泛的关注与认同，与IT媒体、配套生产商以及行业研究机构建立了良好的合作关系，始终以客户的需求为中心，帮助客户提供专项设计方案，专题讨论，立体式推广，效果监测和用户分析等各种服务，最大限度地方便客户，为客户提供解决方案，不断满足客户多样化、个性化、复合化的需要，帮助客户以最少的成本获取最大的收益。

Evapotranspiration is the largest and most difficult part to estimate in surface water circulation, and it also is an important process in interaction process between the land and atmosphere of land surface process. Its weightiness gets the recognition increasingly in the study of the global climate change. In many fields, the evapotranspiration have been applied.

蒸散是地表水循环中最大、最难估算的分量，同时也是陆面循环过程中地气相互作用的重要过程之一，在全球气候变化的认识和研究中，其重要性日益得到重视，并且在许多领域中得到了不同的应用。

In character recognition,the in advertent absence of in k with in a character outl in e.

在字符识别中，字符笔划内无意产生的缺乏墨水的空白点。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。