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In this thesis, researches have been made on the structure of membrane protein and the process of protein aggregation and disaggregation by employing the two advantages of atomic force microscopy : nanometer resolution in liquids and in situ observation following a biological dynamical process during a long period. This thesis consists of four parts.

本论文利用原子力显微镜能够在溶液中观察生物大分子的结构并可以达到纳米级分辨率和能够在近生理的环境中对生物样品的活性过程进行跟踪观察的两大优势分别对膜蛋白的结构和蛋白质积聚、解聚的过程进行了研究。

The plates are obtained by two steps: compound felt and hot pressing shaping. The opening, mixture, carding, net-paving and needling process that affect shaping process of the blending fiber needle felt are investigated. Then it is concluded that the fiber nets from the BC-272B carding machines are uniform when the rolling speeds of licker-in, cylinder, doffer roller of the roller carding machine are 900r/min, 850r/min and 15.6r/min separately. The fiber needle felt is in a good condition when the paving nets have 8 layers, the type of the felting needle is 30, the density of needling is 1800end/m2, and the depth of needling is 3mm.

纤维复合板材分混合制毡和热压成型两步完成，分别探讨了开松、混合、梳理、铺网、针刺各工序对纤维针刺毡成型的影响，得出BC-272B罗拉梳理机的刺辊转速900r／min、锡林转速850r／min、道夫转速15.6r／min时，从梳理机下来的纤网较为均匀；铺网层数为8层、刺针型号为30、植针密度1800枚／m~2、针刺深度为3mm时，纤维针刺毡的效果较好，纤维复合针刺毡单位面积重量为200g／m~2。

In the process of electro-membrane filtration, the applied operation condition and membrane do not have significant electroosmosis effect through related experiment. Under the operation of 98KPa pressure, only 6% flux was increased, which showed the increase of flux in the applied electric field process mainly from electrophoresis effect. The effect of dye filtration by membrane is mostly influenced by the basic nature of dye, including size of molecular weight, electrophoresis motility and the adsorbability of dye to membrane.

在外加电场薄膜程序中，所用的操作条件以及所使用的薄膜，经电渗透实验显示电渗透的效应不明显，而在98KPa压力操作下，也仅增加6%的通量贡献，显示外加电场程序通量之提升主要来自电泳作用；薄膜过滤染料的效果主要受到染料基本性质的影响，包括分子量大小、电泳动能力与染料对薄膜的吸附能力。

In this article,the practice process of innovation exercitation ,which is set in the speciality of enginery of our university,is introduced and the problems arisen in the process of instructing innovation exercitation are found and analyzed.

本文介绍了我校在机械类专业中设置创新实习的实践过程，发现和分析了指导创新实习过程中出现的问题，为进一步提高创新实习的效果，更好地培养学生的创新精神和实践能力积累了经验。

abstract: translation is meant to give the specific meaning of the language from one language into another, in the 1960s nida first put forward the concept of equivalence,and so on, as reflected in its translation of the application process of thinking, but from now, and this theory has been put forward over 40 years, the equivalent point of view has changed dramatically, in the process of translation reflects the present-day equivalent of the point of view worth considering.

翻译主要是把特定语言文字的意思从一种语言转换成另一种语言，上世纪60年代nida首先提出了动态对等的概念，以此反映其在翻译过程中的应用思考，而现在距等值理论的提出已经过了40余年，等值的观点也发生了显著变化，如何在当今翻译过程中体现等值的观点值得思考。

Studies on statistical properties of spontaneous spike trains of single auditory nerve have shown that the distributing patterns of interval in spike trains represent Poisson distribution. Since Poisson distribution is one of the simplest stochastic processes, previous studies on spontaneous spike trains of single auditory nerve were performed primarily by assuming them as stochastic processes. Recently, further studies on nonlinear dynamic system show that we have not enough evidence to demonstrate the process, whose distribution of probability density is exponential, is Poisson process.

中文题名豚鼠听神经单纤维放电序列的非线性特性分析副题名外文题名 Analysis on nonlinear properties in spike trains of single auditory nerve fiber in guinea pig 论文作者林龙年导师孙心德教授学科专业生理学研究领域\研究方向听觉神经生物学学位级别博士学位授予单位华东师范大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数91页关键词听神经听觉神经生理豚鼠馆藏号BSLW /2001 /Q42 /41 对听神经单纤维自发放电序列的统计特性研究表明，听神经单纤维放电间隔呈泊松分布，而泊松过程是最简单的随机过程之一，因此以往的研究主要将听神经单纤维自发放电序列作为随机过程来处理。

Using numerical simulation technology and method of orthogonal experiment design and single factor rotating optimization, this thesis makes a study of "lost core injection ", thus achieve the optimization of the parameters of molding process, to offer basic reference when developing production technology and mould of the plastics intake manifold. Based on the study of the status in quo and development trend of weight reduction on automobile, the application of plastics to automobile and intake manifold, then under the guidance of theory model and numerical simulation technology in the process of high polymer material, this thesis launches flowing main research work: First of all, on the basis of the three-dimensional model of the part and finite element net model, several designs of gating and running system are numerically simulated and analyzed via MPA of Moldflow.

本文在对当今汽车轻量化、零部件塑料化以及的汽车进气歧管塑料化的发展现状和发展趋势进行了研究和简要介绍，然后在高分子材料成型过程中的理论模型和数值计算方法的指导下，展开主要的研究工作：首先，在零件三维模型和有限元网格模型的基础上，使用Moldflow 的MPA模块对塑料进气歧管的多个浇注系统设计方案进行数值模拟，通过分析各个方案的充填质量、熔接线位置及数量等指标，得到了综合质量较高的4 个进料口的浇口位置及半限制型浇口大小的浇注系统。

During the migrating and optimizing process of targeted platform, this paper starts with the analysis on complexity of H.264/AVC algorithms, carries on plenty of tests, uses a series of optimizing methods aiming at the special hardware resources of PWBSP-16 platform: optimizing modules including SAD Calculate, Integer Transform and Quantization in the instruction level by using FIRtree instruction set; optimizing it by improving coding process and enabling co-processor such as VLx、DMA in system level by the thinking of modules parallelism maximizing; putting forward the future optimizing mind in the level of algorithms.

在目标平台的移植优化过程中，本文从H.264/AVC编码算法的复杂度分析入手，进行了大量的测试分析，并针对PWBSP-16 DSP处理器特殊的硬件资源，采取了如下一系列的优化策略：在指令级方面，采用FIRtree指令集对SAD计算、整型变换、量化等主要耗时模块进行优化；在系统级方面，采用模块并行最大化的思想，通过改进编码流程，启用VLx、DMA等协处理器等方法进行优化；在算法级方面，提出后续的优化思路。

But as a kind of mature management system, it hasn"t been applied successfully in most of Chinese companies. The reasons of that include misunderstanding of Science property of overall budget management、unfit budget management organization、lack of scientific management methods, and another important reason is that most of companies use the traditional building method of budget management system. The traditional building method based on the company"s existing department functions, keeping the existing management process and work process fixedness, and expressing the departments work plan in quantity or currency form as their budget.

然而全面预算管理作为一项比较成熟的管理体系，在我国大部分企业却并没有得到很好的实施，这其中固然有对全面预算管理科学性认识不足、预算编制工作的组织不到位、缺乏科学的预算管理手段和控制手段等原因外，另一个重要原因是大部分企业在构建全面预算管理体系时使用的是传统的构建方法，即基于企业现有的部门职能划分而进行的，在保持作业流程和管理流程不变的情况下，将部门工作计划以货币或数量的方式表示出来，即成为公司预算。

The concept of Bildung is dominant and is also the nature of the human sciences. The nature of Bildung is to abandon the unique and elevate to the universality. The process of Bildung is to acquaint oneself in the alienation. One can feel he or she is in the home in the process of alienation. This is just the fundamental movement of the "Geist". This sort of the existence of "Geist" is just the returning from the self to the other.

教化」概念具有主导地位，教化是精神科学的本质，教化的本质是舍弃特殊性向普遍性提升，教化的过程是在异己的东西里认识自身，在异己的东西里感到是在自己的家，这就是精神的基本运动，这种精神的存有只是从他物出发向自己本身的返回。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。