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3 Computation of virtual work principle and structural displacement : understand the content about the virtual work principle of deformable body and its application; skillfully master the calculation method of statically determinate structure displacement by loads; master the calculation method statically determinate structure displacement by temperature variation and support movement; know Reciprocal theorems .

虚功原理和结构位移计算：理解变形体虚功原理的内容及其应用，熟练掌握在荷载作用下静定结构位移的计算方法，掌握静定结构在温度变化，支座移动影响下位移的计算方法，了解互等定理。

In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

But this is not the only priory principle of specifying the scope of consciousness. There is also the principle of ownership: all consciousness is somebody's consciousness.

意识的范围并不是唯一的先决条件，意识的权属也是：所有的意识都是某个个体自己的意识。

There are two principles of justice: the Principle of Properness (criterions of impartiality and fairness) and the Principle of Fitness (criterions of local or conditional fitness and timely or current fitness).

这里存在着两条正义原则：正当性原则（公正性准则、公平性准则）；适宜性原则（地宜性准则、时宜性准则）。

There are two principles of justice: the Principle of Properness ( criterions of i mpartiality and fairness ) and the Principle of Fitness ( criterions of local or conditional fitness and timely or current fitness ).

这里存在着两条正义原则：正当性原则（公正性准则、公平性准则）；适宜性原则（地宜性准则、时宜性准则）。

This paper introduces the development and principle, and present study situation of electrohydraulic proportional control system, and the work principle and every component of electrohydraulic proportional valve-controlled motor system of test platform are analyzed in detail, establishing the mathematics model of the valve-controlled motor system.

本文介绍了电液比例控制系统的发展、原理及目前的研究现状，对试验台的电液比例阀控马达速度控制系统的工作原理及各组成部件进行了详细的分析介绍，建立了阀控马达速度控制系统的数学模型。

The principle of proportionality may effectively limit the implementing of national public power and coordinate public interest and private interest by weighing benefits. The principle has broken the absolute concept of the private interest's superiority or the public interest's superiority and put the two interests into the concrete situation for analyzing.

比例原则可以有效地限制国家公权力的行使，最大限度地保护公民私权利，并且通过利益衡量的方法，在公共利益与私人利益之间进行协调，打破了私人利益至上和公共利益至上的绝对观，从而使二者处于具体情境中待分析的状态，没有哪个处于绝对优先的地位。

As a principle in a public law,the principle of the proportionality is based on the constitutional government foundation.

比例原则不是凭空而来的，其产生、发展都离不开一定的文化传统背景。

The principle of subjectivity plays the role of a fundamental principle in traditional western philosophy .It originates in classic Greek philosophy, particularly the thought of Protagoras and Socrates.

主体性原则是西方传统哲学的一个基本原则，这一原则萌芽于古希腊哲学，尤其是普罗泰戈拉和苏格拉底的思想。

This paper presents the work principle and the design of the high-speed water jet loom and the design process of the control system,including the dardware and the software,and how to protract the circuit principle fig and PCB.

本文主要介绍了高速喷水织布机的工作原理及设计要求，叙述了喷水织布机控制系统的设计过程，包括硬件电路和软件编程，以及用Protel DXP软件绘制电路原理图和PCB图的方法及步骤。

In other research, chondroitin is being investigated for use in several other conditions.

在其它研究，软骨素被调查用於几个其它情况。

They would make fun of him for having to work.

他们拿他的工作来开玩笑。