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Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

In aspect of investigation on the binary phase splitting grating, Dammann grating, rectangle grating and also coordinate-phase modulate grating have been studied respectively. Detail analysis shows that the grating phase angle can inflect greater than coordinate to the splitting efficiency and equality rate.

在对二元位相型光学分束光栅的研究方面，在本论文对Dammann光栅、矩形孔径光栅以及坐标位相调制型光栅分别进行了研究，通过对光栅设计参数的变化对分束效率、分束均匀度的影响的分析可以发现光栅位相角对分束效率及分束均匀度的影响要比突变点坐标的影响大得多。

By the conventional unsymmetrical method and its negative-sequence network of fault calculation,this paper calculates negative-sequence current in open phase with one phase open or one phase closed of generator transformer broken.

1问题的提出目前国内从事发电的继电保护技术人员针对发变组启动失灵保护负序判据整定各有不同的看法，主要是需要考虑在启停机过程发生非全相失灵的情况。

The method for determining a phase-noise spectrum comprises generating real complex samples, by digitally sampling a phase component and phase quadrature component of the input signal in baseband, determining ideal complex samples from generated real samples, establishing complex quotients from the real and ideal complex samples, generating modified complex quotients by assigning the value 1 to the complex quotients, and subjecting the modified complex quotients to a Fourier transform.

所述方法包括以下步骤：通过对基带中的所述输入信号的相位分量和相位正交分量进行数字采样，产生实际复数采样Areal(n(S100)；根据产生的实际采样Areal(n确定理想复数采样Aideal(n(S101)；根据实际复数采样Areal(n和理想复数采样Aideal(n形成复数商ΔA1(n＝Areal/Aideal；通过对所述复数商指定值1，产生经修正复数商B(n(S106)；以及对经修正复数商B(n进行傅立叶变换(S107)。

Firstly, a 2D quasi-single phase liquid turbulent flow model was developed. In this model, interactions between liquid and bubbling gas phase were taken account of, i.e., interphase drag force and the turbulent energy induced by the bubbling gas phase.

首先，建立了以为基础的塔板二维拟单相流模型，其次，建立了三维两相双流体湍流模型，最后，在双流体流体力学模型的基础上，建立了塔板上液相传质模型。

In the pulse plate column of the plate's aperture being 3.2 mm, the open mesh area percentage is 23%, and the distance between plates is 50 mm, extraction: phase ratio 3:1, reaction order: 2~3; washing: phase ratio 6:1; re-extraction: phase ratio 3:1, the product phosphoric acid and all the content of impurity can attain or overmatch the old-style extraction equipment.

在脉冲筛板萃取塔中，在萃取时相比为3：1，反应级为2~3，洗涤时相比为6：1，反萃时相比为3：1的条件下，所得磷酸及各项杂质含量指标均达到或优于老式萃取设备。

The mechanism of the phase transfer catalytic polycondensation was investigated, and a diagram of the phase transfer catalytic cycle was suggested. The reaction locus was found to be in the organic phase.

相转移催化反应是近年来发展起来的一种有机合成新方法，特别在有机合成方面已得到广泛的应用，有些已在工业上得到了推广。

Firstly, harmonic detection method using ip,iq algorithm, which is based on the instantaneous power theory proposed by H.Akagi, is introduced briefly and is extended to detect positive or negative sequence of arbitrary order harmonic in single-phase system, three-phase three-wire system or three-phase four-wire system.

首先，本文简要介绍了基于瞬时功率理论的谐波电流检测方法——i_p，i_q算法，并将之推广应用于单相系统、三相三线制系统和三相四线制系统中任意次数谐波的正序、负序有功、无功分量的检测，大大拓宽了该优良瞬时谐波检测算法的应用范围。

The definition of phase number for multi-phase machines and the winding structure for six-phase induction machines are described in this paper.

引言自上个世纪初以来，电力发电、输配电系统都是三相系统。但目前三相电机的地位已经受到一定的挑战。

According to the phase change law for wax deposition and dew point line curves, and the change of the saturation of condensate gas with phase properties, gas-liquid-solid was transformed with phase change, which would result in the change of distribution of fluid pressure and influence or alter the characteristic and the process of condensate gas percolation flow.

根据相的变化受析蜡线、露点线的相态变化规律控制，分析相变特性会导致储层内油气饱和度的变化，揭示蜡沉积在多孔介质表面引起孔隙性质改变和气、液、固在储集层中的微观空间分布会影响凝析气的流动特征。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。