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Pole-placement and Inner model tuning methods are discussed finally;(2) For the linear derivative action, several different tracker-differentiators are presented to improve the quality of the derivative signals;(3) A neural network tuning method is given for the nonlinear PID controller which includes the above tracker-differentiator;(4) For the linear integral action, a nonlinear pre-phase integrator is studied in order to decrease the phase delay problem; Simulation results show that the nonlinear PID controller including the pre-phase integrator posseses better performance in both fast and stable property, and strong ability of anti-disturbance;(5) A simple optimal criteria is introduced to optimize the parameters of the nonlinear PID controller based on the pre-phase integrator.

仿真研究表明，由此形成的非线性复合积分PID控制系统，具有快速而平稳的过渡过程和超强的干扰抑制能力；(5)采用物理意义简单明确的目标函数的优化设计方法，对上述非线性PID控制器进行参数整定，达到了满意控制典型工业过程的目的。通过对直线电机伺服系统的仿真研究，表明该种非线性控制器具有同时跟踪多个目标的优越性能。

By studying the membrane preparation process for the typical membrane materials of polystyrene and cellulose acetate as well as a new type membrane material of polyvinyl butyral,the effects of operating parameters on the membranes structure are determined.By the study on the thermodynamics involved in the ternary systerms of ScCO_2/solvent/polymer and the calculation of theoretical ternary phase diagrams,the phase demixing behavior during the membranes formation by ScCO_2 induced phase separation process are described.By studying thermodynamics involved in the quaternary systerms of ScCO_2/solvent/additive/polymer,the effect of a low molecular weight additive on the quaternary phase diagram and dimixing speed are revealed.

通过对传统膜材料聚苯乙烯、醋酸纤维素及新型膜材料聚乙烯醇缩丁醛进行ScCO_2诱导相转化制膜工艺的实验研究，给出了操作参数对膜形态结构的影响规律；通过研究ScCO_2/溶剂/聚合物三元体系热力学问题，并计算出相应铸膜体系的三元相图，对ScCO_2诱导相转化膜制备过程的分相成膜行为进行了分析与描述；通过研究ScCO_2/溶剂/小分子添加剂/聚合物四元铸膜体系的热力学问题，并借助于四元体系理论相图计算的结果，分析了小分子添加剂对相分离过程的影响。

The influence of various factors on the efficiency of separation on ammonia nitrogen was investigated, including the surfactant dosage, the value of pH in the external phase, the concentration of sulfuric acid in the internal phase, the ratio between the volume of oil phase and the volume of water phase and so on.

用ME表面活性剂制作的乳液萃取冶金废水中的氨氮，考察了表面活性剂用量、外相水pH值、膜内相硫酸浓度、油内比、乳水比等因素对氨氮去除率的影响。

The culture of Micrococcus aureus in lag phase and decline phase are more sensitive to TFP than that of in logarithmic phase and stable phase.

抗菌蛋白对金黄色微球菌表现出杀菌作用，但无溶菌现象；在金黄色微球菌的四个生长阶段中，延滞期与衰亡期菌体对抗菌蛋白的敏感性强于对数期及稳定期。

The first phase array ofthe AS γ experiment began to run in June 1990. The first phase array thatconsists of 49 plastic scintillate detector has an angle resolution of 1°, atrigger rate of 20Hz and a threshold energy of about 10TeV. The second phasearray was finished on the base of the first phase array in 1994, and after that, apart of the second phase array was made high density.

一期阵列由49个塑料闪烁体探测器组成，探测阈能为10TeV左右，事例触发率为20Hz，角分辨率小于1°。1994年在一期阵列的基础上进行了扩建，扩建后阵列比一期阵列有效面积增大8倍，随后进行了部分加密，建成二期／加密阵列。

The socket structure is provided with a zero phase trigger control unit, through the photoelectric sensing element of the unit, optical coupling can be performed to generate zero phase trigger, and the opening or the closing of a two-way thyratron in the zero phase can be accurately controlled, therefore, an electric device inserted on an output socket can be started or stopped from the zero phase, in order to reduce the electromagnetic interference and prolong the service life of the electric device, the use efficiency of the electric device can be enhanced, the power supply thereof can be saved, filtering and rectifying can be performed through a current switching unit when the alternating current power supply passes through a filtering and rectifying circuit, the noise caused by external interference and affect can be filtered, and the power supply can be respectively transmitted to a current detecting socket and the input end of the current switching unit to be detected through a temperature sensor arranged on the current switching unit.

本实用新型为有关一种插座结构，尤指为设有零相位触发控制单元，可通过其光电感测元件来进行光耦合而产生零相位的触发，且可准确控制双向闸流阀在零相位的开启或者关闭，进而达到插置于输出插座上的电器装置从零相位开始启动或者关闭，以降低电磁干扰而延长电器装置使用寿命，且可提升电器装置的使用效率及节省电源，并通过电流转换单元于交流电源通过滤波整流电路进行滤波整流，可滤除外部所干扰影响的杂讯，并分别传送至电流侦测插座及电流转换单元的输入端，而可通过电流转换单元所设置的温度感应器来进行侦测，于电路温度升高时，温度感应器可进行切断双向闸流阀的电源输出而达到保护输出插座上所插设的电器设备。

It is shown that the phase inversion is complete, which means that all water molecules in the system are transformed to be continuous phase at the phase inversion point. The viscosity of the system before the phase inversion point is almost constant independent on stress, which is the characteristics of Newtonian fluid.The systems after the phase inversion point exhibit high viscoelasticity and strong pseudoplasticity at relatively high stress.

结果表明，乳化剂浓度较高时，体系发生完全相反转；体系在相反转点前为W／O结构，其粘度几乎不随剪切应力的改变而改变，表现为牛顿流体行为；体系在相反转点后为O／W结构，具有很高的粘弹性，并且在较高剪切应力下表现为典型的假塑性。

Because of the off-phase motor running to recognize the harm caused by different fault in the implementation phase of the motor protection have had two different views: that the broken phase to the electrical damage caused by overheating point of view to the implementation of the motor overheating protection or inverse-time characteristics of overcurrent protection, thermal relays the resulting program, thermal resistance package with over-current fault protection program delay, and other programs; that the break caused by phase to the motor windings high-voltage breakdown back-EMF's view of Open-phase protection program to take instantaneous action, and some electronic-type protectors available.

由于对断相运行给电机造成的危害认识不同，因此在对电机实行断相保护时产生了两种不同的意见：认为断相给电机造成过热损坏的观点要对电机实行过热保护或过流反时限特性保护，由此产生了热继电器方案、热敏电阻方案、断相过流延时保护方案以及其他一些方案；认为断相给电机绕组造成高压反电势击穿的观点，对断相采取瞬时动作保护方案，于是一些电子式保护器问世。

The research results are highly reproducible owing to the repeatable micro-model technique.(2) Quantifying the Kr-S-P curves in two-phase flow. The validity and adaptability of multi-phase curves are verified using micro-model testing bed tailored to adequate scale of pores. Results obtained from the P-S micro-model tests generally agree with the threshold values of displacement mechanism offered by researchers using geometric shapes. The hysteresis of .experimental Kr-S curves of numerous two-phase flows are depicted in terms of connectivity and humidification. The P-S and Kr-S curves of two-phase flow are well-derived in conjunction with micro-model test results and empirical van Genuchten model. For the curve expressing the relation between saturation and capillary pressure, experimental results of water-air flow system corresponds to the theoretical data.

2二相流体对微模型实验之Kr-S-P关系：包括以孔颈尺寸比例组成微模型板实验平台去证实多相流流动主要特性曲线正确性与适用性；验证水和空气二相流之P-S微模型实验，与前人以几何形状所推估出来的置换机制门槛值大致吻合；以连通性及润湿性等解释多组二相流体对Kr-S曲线实验之迟滞现象；以微模型实验结果配合van Genuchten特性曲线经验式互推估二相流体对之P-S与Kr-S 曲线，推估结果良好；以比例原则推估多组二相流体於毛细压力-饱和度曲线的结果，显示在水和空气二相流体对为参考流体对时，推估其他组流体对吻合度最佳。

During the derivation, it is assumed: the liquid phase is incompressible Newton fluid; there is no mass transfer between phases; it is homothermal and steady state flow; the flow rate of gas phase and that of the liquid phase are the same without the consideration of slippage effect ; the density of gas phase and that of the liquid phase in the wellbore are constants; the mixed loss caused by inflow from wellbore is ignored.

在推导的过程中进行了如下假设：液相为不可压缩的牛顿流体；相间不存在传质；等温、稳态流动；不考虑滑脱效应，气相和液相的流速相同；井筒中气相、液相的密度为常数；忽略井壁入流引起的混合损失。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。