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The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

In this study, 259 F(subscript 2:3) lines, developed from a cross between a dent corn inbred Dan232 and a popcorn inbred N04, were grown in a replicated experiment and evaluated for three popping characteristics. Of 613 simple sequence repeat primer pairs screened, 183 pairs were selected to construct a genetic linkage map 1762.2cM long with an average interval of 9.63cM.

本研究以普通玉米自交系丹232和爆裂玉米自交系N04杂交构建的259个F(下标 2：3)家系为定位群体，采用完全随机区组设计在郑州夏播条件下测定了3个膨爆特性指标。

Methods Fifty pairs of fresh colorectal cancer and homologous normal tissues were genotyped with Identifiler Kit and the mutations generated in cancer tissues were determined. The mutation rates, the numbers of locus matched without identical allele (A0), 1 identical allele (A1), or 2 identical alleles (A2) and the number of total identical alleles IA(subscript n were calculated. Frequency distributions of A0, A1, A2 and IA were compared among CR-N group, unrelated individual pairs and full sibling pairs. Discrimination functions were established for individual identification from tumor tissues with discriminatory analysis.

用Identifiler系统对50对新鲜结直肠癌组织及其身源正常组织组进行STR分型，计算CR-N组中变异STR基因座及全不同基因座数(A0)、半相同基因座数(A1)、全相同基因座数(A2)和共有等位基因数IA(下标 n，比较CR-N组、无关个体对组和全同胞对组中上述参数的分布差异，通过判别分析建立判别函数。

We present an efficient approach for generating the correspondence between two homeomorphic 3D polyhedral models. The user can select vertices on the polyhedra to decompose the boundary of each polyhedron into the same number of morphing patches. Further, the user can specify the feature points on the morphing patch pairs to improve the morph. After the morphing patch pairs are be mapped to 2D regular polygons, they are merged and reconstructed to generate a morph. In the main procedures of our approach, we propose an easy mapping method and a foldover-free warping technique. And we also propose a most efficient merging algorithm. The merging can be completed in O.

我们的对应演算法主要的流程架构是(1)设计一套良好的介面提供给使用者在物体表面上点选圈选点；(2)利用最短路径将圈选点作两两相连，以切割勿体表面；(3)利用Relaxation的方式进行摊平的目的；(4)利用Warping技术以增进使用者的便利性，因此无须圈选太多快patch以精确对齐物体的特徵，同时还提供一套自行避免相交情况的演算法以保证不相交；(5)我们研发出一套极快速的merge演算法，其利用最小轮廓涵盖结构而有效地达成区域搜寻与区域merge，因此在效率上达到O；(6)最后藉由Remesh与3D位置资讯的建立，重构出对应的结果整体而言，透过本论文所研发的对应演算法将不用花费太多的执行时间，因此符合经济效益。

Results: in 24 pairs of 30 pairs tissues (30%), it expressed higher in cancer tissues.

结果发现在30对肺鳞癌组织中，24对(80％)中在癌组织中表达上调。

Result The fiber color was controlled by 4 pairs of genes at least. Whether the long fiber and linter were brown was controlled by a pair of dominant genes separately, the type of its fiber color was controlled by 2 pairs of minor genes at least, showing different types such as light brown and brown approaching white. The long fiber in F2 generation had 3 phenotypes altogether of brown long fiber and brown linter, white long fiber and white linter, white long fiber and brown linter, showing there was interaction among genes and the expression of dominant gene in brown long fiber inhibited the expression of recessive gene of linter color.

结果］纤维色泽至少受4对基因控制，长纤维和短绒棕色的有无各由1对显性基因控制，其纤维色泽类型至少还受2对微效基因控制，表现出淡棕、棕近白等不同类型。F2代长纤维共有棕色长纤维棕色短绒、白色长纤维白色短绒、白色长纤维棕色短绒3种表现型，表明基因间存在互作，棕色长纤维显性基因的表达抑制短绒色泽隐性基因的表达。

22 Of 22 pairs EST-SSR primers from Chinese cabbage/rape respectively had amplification products in soybean,wheat and maize,the rate of amplification was 81.8%,95.4%,100%,respectively;10 of 22 pairs EST-SSR primers showed polymorphism in monocotyledons wheat and maize,13 in dicotyledons oilseed rape and soybean,7 in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops.

（1）30对小麦EST-SSR引物中，有29，28和26对引物分别在玉米、油菜和大豆中有扩增产物，可扩增率分别为96.7%，93.3%和86.7%；其中分别有12对和9对引物在单子叶作物小麦和玉米及双子叶作物大豆和油菜中的扩增产物显示多态性，有4对引物在4种作物中的扩增产物均显示多态性。

(1)29,28,26 of 30 pairs of EST-SSR primers from wheat respectively had amplification products in maize,oilseed rape and soybean,the rate of amplification was 96.7%,93.3%,86.7%,respectively;12 of 30 pairs EST-SSR primers from wheat showed polymorphism in monocotyledons wheat and maize,9 in dicotyledons oilseed rape and soybean,and 4 in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops.

基金项目：国家生命科学与技术人才培养基地科技创新基金项目(2007088)；国家油菜产业化项目科学家岗位"化杀岗位"（nycytx-00505）；国家自然科学基金项目(30871578)中文摘要：探讨单、双子叶作物间EST-SSR引物和标记的通用性。选取30对小麦、8对油菜和14对白菜的EST-SSR引物，分别以10个小麦、10个油菜、5个大豆品种和5个玉米自交系的基因组DNA为模板，进行PCR扩增及扩增产物的多态性分析。

Given a graph G representing a network topology, and a collection T ={(s1 , t1 )...} of pairs of vertices in G representing connection request, the maximum edge-disjoint paths problem is an NP-hard problem that consists in determining the maximum number of pairs in

给出图表G代表网络拓扑结构的和收藏品T ={(s1， t1)…}对端点在代表连接请求的G，最大值边缘弄乱问题是一个NP坚硬问题在确定包括对的最大数字的道路

Given a graph G representing a network topology, and a collection T ={(s1 , t1 )...} of pairs of vertices in G representing connection request, the maximum edge-disjoint paths problem is an NP-hard problem that consists in determining the maximum number of pairs inT that can be routed in G by mutually edge-disjoint si ti paths.

由于图G代表的网络拓扑，并且收藏笔=( S1及T1期……的顶点G大代表连接请求，最大边不相交的路径问题是一个NP-hard问题，它包括确定最多偶笔可以改为G大相互边相交硅钛路径。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。