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Amplified fragment length polymorphism was performed on 41 strains of V dahiiae of cotton in search of DNA probes specific for distinguishing between nondefoliating strains and defoliating strains. Specific bands of 433 base pairs and 1 lObp amplified only from nondefoliating strains were obtained using two pairs , E64 M53 and E49 M65 ,which named EM433 and EM110, respectively.

选用25对EcoRI和MseI引物组合，对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增，筛选到两对引物E64、M53和E49、M65，能分别扩增出433bp和110bp两条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段，可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开，这两条特异片段被命名为EM_(433)和EM_(110)。

On the discussion about mechanism of mutation of methylating, we explored thermodynamics and dynamic properties on base pairs, investigating the proton transfer on base pairs.

从甲基化对嘌呤碱基电荷的影响，到甲基化引起碱基配对的改变造成碱基配对的诱变等都作了较为详细的探讨；在对甲基化诱变的探讨中，我们进行了热力学和动力学方面的研究，同时对碱基之间的质子迁移的难易程度也作了探讨；并在充分考虑水分子存在的情况下研究了甲基化对碱基之间的氢键作用和堆积作用的影响。

But in familiar male-male pairs,there are less aggressive and more amicable behaviors than unfamiliar male-male pairs.

但当两只熟悉的雄鼠相遇时，则比陌生雄鼠相遇表现出较多的喜好行为和较少的攻击行为。

In 5 pairs of microsatellite polymorphic DNA primers used in this research, 2 pairs being tested sex specific showed potential usability for bovine embryo sexing.

在5对未见报道用于性别鉴定的微卫星DNA多态性引物中，筛选出2对具有性别特异性的引物，经过进一步的研究可能用于胚胎性别鉴定及品种鉴定。

They have three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings on the thoraxes.

它们在胸部上有三对脚和两对翅膀。

The problem could halve the chick survival rate at the three Adelie penguin colonies on Ross Island ——estimated at 130,000 breeding pairs. In all Antarctica, there is an estimated three million Adelie penguin breeding pairs.

这个问题可能会导致罗斯岛上的三大阿德利企鹅族群的幼仔生存率减半——三大族群处于繁育期的大概有130，000对。

At first, an ordinary gear train composed of two gear pairs is analyzed. The constituting principle and the equivalent gear pair of a ordinary noncircular gear train are studied under two assembling circumstances, including phase angle exists between two gear pairs or not.

以分析两对齿轮副构成的定轴轮系为非圆齿轮机构分析的起始点，本文首先分析了两对齿轮之间有相位角与无相位角两种安装情况下，定轴轮系的构成原理与轮系等价齿轮副的传动关系。

Based on the simulation data, the effects of clearances, damping coefficient and the rotation speed on the dynamic behaviors are studied: compared with ideal mechanisms, mechanisms with clearances are less stable; as for mechanisms with clearances, when the crank rotates at the speed of 100rad/s, the actual clearances are always above the radium of clearances, axle pin and axle cover keep contact throught the rotation; when the crank rotates at the speed of 20rad/s, mechanisms are in an unstable state, at an angle of about 300, the actual clearances are below the radium of clearances, pairs lose contact, which results in collision between them; with the speed of 20rad/s, when damping coefficient is assumed 175Ns/m, distinct separation and collision happen between pairs; when damping coefficient is assumed 220Ns/m, separation and collision are controlled.

在含间隙机构中，当曲柄以100rad/s转动时，运动副间隙始终大於半径间隙，轴销与轴套始终保持连续接触；当曲柄以低速20rad/s转动时，系统处於极不稳定的震荡状态，在转至300°左右时，运动副间隙小於半径间隙，脱离接触，发生明显的分离碰撞现象。在含间隙机构中，曲柄以低速20rad/s转动，当取法向阻尼系数为175Ns/m时，副元素发生明显的分离碰撞现象；当取法向阻尼系数为220Ns/m时控制了副元素的分离，副元素一直处於连续接触状态。

In the mating test, mycelial protoplast pairs between single spore isolates of different strains formed colonies with clamp connection, while mycelial protoplast pairs between the same single spore isolates formed colonies without clamp connection, suggesting that the two nuclei of the spores possessed identical mating type factors.

在交配试验中，源于不同菌株单孢分离物的菌丝原生质体的配对形成具锁状联合的菌落，而源于同一单孢分离物的菌丝原生质体的配对则形成无锁状联合的菌落，暗示担孢子中的两个核具有相同的交配型。

The male accessory gland complex of Atractomorpha lata consists of three pairs of long, coiled milky glands, one pair of white glands, one pair of club-shaped yellow glands, and eight pairs of short and long transparent glands of various lengths.

长额负蝗的雄性副腺包含三对长型的卷曲状乳白色腺体、一对白色腺体、一对棒状的黄色腺体和八对长短不一的透明腺体。

Finally it offers the analysis of the fault-tolerance system as well as its test verification.

这样，运行于空间环境中的系统的设计目标就是在保证系统实时性

However, it is still difficult to find out the real reason of the increase of the keratinized gingiva during the orthodontic extrusion whether it is due to the proliferation of the gingival tissue or to its elastic nature, that is because the proliferation of the fibroblasts as well as the connective tissue changes in volume and the intra-fibers spaces were all immeasurable in most of the studies.

然而，仍然难以找到真正的原因增加的角化牙龈在正畸挤压它是否是由于扩散的牙龈组织或其弹性性质，这是因为增殖的成纤维细胞以及作为结缔组织的变化量和内部纤维空格都是不可估量的，大多数的研究。