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The following points are emphasized:The operation models of adiabatic and diabatic distillation have been set up and the operation block, thermodynamics model and mathematical model in the simulation have been determined as well;(2)Based on the simulation and exergy analysis with Aspen Plus program, shortcut distillation design—DSTWU model and rigorous distillation design—RADFRAC model, the author has determined the heat duty, exergy losses and the distribution of exergy losses along the adiabatic column, which will help the simulation and optimization of the diabatic distillation;(3)Diabatic distillation under various operation conditions has been simulated by using energy balance method and exergy analysis;(4)How the different mixture and the various degree of separation, number of trays and feed location influence exergy saving in diabatic distillation have also been discussed;(5)On the basis of the total exergy losses along the column, different schema of the heat transfer distribution along the column have been compared and analyzed;they can be classified in three categories: heat duty equipartition approach, empirical approach, separation degree matching approach. In conclusion, different heat transfer distribution along the column will have effect on total exergy losses. In particular, most satisfactory results have been obtained by using separation degree matching approach. In order to diminish the exergy losses, heat transfer distribution should meet the needs of the request of separation degree.And on this premise, the author makes his suggestion in increasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with minimum exergy losses and decreasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with the maximum exergy losses.

本文对透热精馏过程进行了模拟并对其节能效果的影响因素做了较为全面的分析和深入的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)建立了常规精馏和透热精馏过程的模拟操作模块、热力学模型以及数学模型；(2)利用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus并分别采用DSTWU简捷模型和RADFRAC严格计算模型对常规精馏进行模拟计算和有效能分析，确定常规精馏塔的公用工程热负荷、有效能损失及有效能损失在塔内的分布，为透热精馏的模拟和优化提供数据参考；(3)对不同物系在不同分离度条件下进行透热精馏的模拟，分别采用能量衡算法和有效能分析法进行计算和分析；(4)探讨了各种因素如物系的选择、不同分离度、塔板数、进料位置对透热精馏节能效果的影响；(5)以全塔总有效能损失为比较基准，对热量在塔内的三种分布方案即热负荷平均分配法、经验法和分离度匹配法进行了对比分析并得出结论：塔内热量的不同分布方案对于全塔总有效能损失会产生影响，其中以分离度匹配法的节能效果最为理想，为减少有效能的损失，应使塔内的热量分布满足各塔板的分离度要求，并在此前提下，尽量减小有效能损失大的塔板的热负荷和增加有效能损失小的塔板的热负荷。

But operation operation often can increase sex of source of malign cell cure to diffuse odds and the result that affects operation cure. 1954 the Cole idea that put forward to manipulate a technology without tumour [2] , it is the to decrease or prevent cancer cell desquamation in showing the operation in malignant tumor is operated, cultivate and sow what come loose and adopt a series of measure, its purpose is to prevent path of blood of cancer cell edge, lymphatic path to diffuse, 2 it is to prevent cancer cell to cultivate.

但手术操作往往会增加恶性细胞医源性扩散几率而影响手术治疗的效果。1954年Cole等提出了无瘤操作技术的概念[2]，它是指在恶性肿瘤的手术操作中为减少或防止癌细胞的脱落、种植和播散而采取的一系列办法，其目的一是防止癌细胞沿血道、淋巴道扩散，二是防止癌细胞种植。

Six patients had the history of delayed defecation. two cases were misdiagnosed as sigmoid torsion and 6 cases were admitted as acute intestinal obstruction. colostomy was performed first in 7 cases. surgical procedures included swenson operation in 3, duhamel in 2, rehbein in 3, soave operation in one and stapler anastamosis in 2 cases. presacral infection and perianal fistula occurred in one case with swenson operation.

结果 男5例，女7例，年龄14～56岁，6例有胎粪排出延迟病史，2例误诊为乙状结肠扭转，6例诊断为急性肠梗阻，其中7例行结肠造瘘，3例行swenson手术，2例行duhamel手术；3例行rehbein手术；1例行soave手术；外院术后复发2例，swenson手术1例术后出现骶前感染肛周瘘管，余术后排便功能良好。

objective: searching for the treatment which prevents the recurrence of the urinary bladder carcinoma after excision.method:according to the consequence of sensitive test ,we poured chemical medicine into artery before and after the operation ,injected mitomycin c into the tela submucosa after the excision of carcinoma during the operation and pour medicine into bladder regularly after operation.result:in all the 65 specimen group,60 got following investigation more than 3 years,the rate was 92.3%.and 4 recured in 19,27,37,43 months after operation.the rate of recurrence was 6.7%.

作者单位：(1。山东省青岛市中心医院，山东青岛 266042 2。山东省青岛市肿瘤医院，山东青岛 266042)目的：探讨膀胱癌切除术后预防肿瘤复发的治疗方案。方法：依据抗癌药物敏感试验结果，在手术前后进行动脉灌注化疗，术中切除肿瘤后于膀胱粘膜下注射丝裂霉素c和术后定期膀胱内灌注。

Bleeding during operation is 4 cases and post operation is 1 case.conclusion it must be perform the surgery indications strictly, reasonable operation skill, standard manipulation, familiar with the anatomic variation of cholecystic vessels and biliary ducts and abdominal operation.in time all methods can effectively decrease the complication of lc.

结果 胆管损伤2例，术中出血4例，术后胆漏5例，术后出血1例。结论严格掌握手术指征，合理的手术技巧，规范的操作，熟悉胆囊管和血管的解剖及变异，及时果断的中转开腹等，可以有效的减少lc并发症的发生。

Methods:the clinic data of 172 cases performed by lc were analyzed retropectovely to disscuss the operation skill and the owoiding of complications.results:there are 3 cases with bile leakage and 5 case with hemorrhage during operation.3 cases were converted to open operations midway with a rate of 1.74%.there are no such severe complications as biliary ducts injury,postoperational hemorrage and bile leakage.conclusions:be familiar with the anatomic variation of cholecystic vessels and biliary ducts,reasonable operation skill,standard manipulation and abdominal operation in time can decrease the complications of lc.

回顾性分析我院172例lc患者的临床资料，就手术技巧与并发症预防进行探讨。结果：术中发现胆漏3例；术中出血5例；中转开腹3例，中转开腹率为1.74％。全组无胆管损伤、术后出血及胆漏等严重并发症。结论：熟悉胆囊血管和胆管的解剖变异，合理的手术技巧、规范的操作、及时果断的中转开腹可以最大限度的减少lc并发症的发生。

The changes were observed and anlysised. Results In the normal days and after operation, the far distance binocular vision and near distance stereoacuity were no significant difference between 14 cyclic esotropia cases and normal. In 16 cases of consecutive esotropia, 12 cases had no binocular vision before operation, and after operation, simultaneous perception were acquired in 16 cases (100%), fusional power in l6 cases (100%) while the range of fusion was lower than normal, far distance stereoscopic vision in 10 cases (62.5%), near distance stereoscopic vision in 8 cases (50%).

观察术前、术后的远双眼视觉，近立体视锐度变化：结果 14例周期性内斜视患者术前正位日及术后远双眼视觉及近立体视锐度与正常人群相比无显著性差异。16例恒定性内斜视术前12例(75%)无双眼视觉，术后16例(100%)具有同时知觉能力，16例(100%)可获得融合力，但融合范围低于正常人群。10例(62.5%)获远立体视，8例(50%)获得不同程度近立体视。

objective to explore the best method of nursing in laparoscopic operation of subtotal hysterectomy with pk scapel.methods ninety seven patients under going operation of laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy with pk scapel were slected.the bleeding volume,operation time and methods of nursing including machine check,proceeding and maintenance of instruments.results bleeding volume was lessened significantly and good nursing during operation can improve safety and success rate of losh.conclusion good nursing with well knowledge of pk scapel,accurate proceeding and sterilization and skilled cooperation plays a key role in assurance of the success of losh.

摘 要］目的：探讨在腹腔镜下使用pk刀行子宫次全切除术配合的方法。方法：对97例使用pk刀在腹腔镜下行子宫次全切除术配合进行总结，主要是检查测试仪器功能，按操作程序密切配合手术，术后正确彻底的清洗、保养、消毒与灭菌。结果：在腹腔镜下应用pk刀切除子宫，出血量明显减少，组织损伤小，97例的手术中除1例粘连严重中转开腹外，其余手术均顺利完成，无并发症发生。结论：护士加强对pk刀的应用学习，正确掌握操作规程和灭菌方法，以及娴熟的腹腔镜配合技术是手术顺利进行的有力保证。［关键词］腹腔镜；pk刀；子宫次全切除术；护理配合

Based on fuzzy operation, from the view point of measure -based operation,this paper presents the problem in the fuzzy operation of mult i-factor assessment and the relation bet ween operation and its result.

以模糊运算为基础，从测度运算的角度指出了多因素综合评判中模糊运算存在的问题，以及运算与结果的关系

Further more, we discuss four related issues:(1) Through reducing the number of operations in history buffer, we can optimize the efficiency for running continuously;(2) Support Undo operation for collaborative document editor through involving a delete counter for each object;(3) Introduce a new timestamp model to support concurrent operations in a single site for shared data;(3) Through involving a NOOP operation and executing transaction operation with all related NOOP operations to guarantee transaction operation is serialized.

进一步，本文讨论了一致性维护的四个相关问题：（1）通过精简操作的历史队列，实现算法持续执行时的效率优化；（2）通过引入对象节点的删除计数器，实现对文档的协同编著中的Undo操作支持；（3）介绍了一个新的支持单站点上共享数据的并发操作的时间戳模型；（4）通过引入空操作NOOP且保持事务操作和相应的NOOP操作同时执行，保证事务操作的序列化。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。