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The differentiation states of costae indicates the ways they absorb and transport water, and their ability adapting to the dry conditions, which was elucidated by the following examples: Brachythecium plumosum, because of its thin cell-walls in the costae and the absence of hydrome, assistant and steroid cells, can absorb water and nutrition under shady and moist conditions; Plagiomnium rostratum, though often grows in shady and wet condition, has hydrome and steroid cells, a feature similar to those of xeric mosses, which endows it to grow in the conditions with periodical drought stress during its life cycle; Hygrohypnum luridum is characterized by its slender leaves with only one layer of cells, the thin cell-walls, the absence of filaments on the leaf surface, and the fewer layer cells in the costae, the absence of hydrome and steroid cells. These features make it adaptable to aquatic environments. For Pogonatum inflexum and Atrichum undulatum, their ventral surfaces covered with lamella, while for Racomitrium japonicum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Macromitrium ferriei, Diphyscium fulvifolium, Barbula unguiculata and Ceratodon purpureus, their leaves are strongly mammillose or papillos. Such appendiculate structures made them adaptable to thy conditions.

例如，荫湿生环境下的羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum，其中肋细胞胞壁较薄，无导水主细胞和副细胞的分化，也没有厚壁细胞分化，能够在阴湿环境下吸收水分和养分；钝叶匍灯藓Plagiomnium rostratum具有与旱生藓类植物相似的中肋结构，叶片较厚，中肋具导水主细胞，中肋背面具厚壁细胞，这些特点使该种藓类植物能够分布于间隙性干旱胁迫的环境中；水灰藓Hygrohypnum luridum叶片纤细柔弱，仅1层细胞，细胞胞壁薄，叶表无附属结构，中肋细胞层数少，无导水主细胞分化，也没有厚壁细胞，这些特点使得水灰藓'能够生长在水生环境中；东亚小金发藓Pogonatum inflerum和波叶仙鹤藓Atrichum undulatum的叶腹面覆盖着栉片，东亚砂藓Racomitrium japonicum、大羽藓Thuidium cymbifolium、福氏蓑藓Macromitrium ferriei、东亚短颈藓Diphyscium fuhifolium、扭口藓Barbula unguiculata和角齿藓Ceratodon purpureus的叶片表面有乳头状突起或疣状物，这些附属结构使它们能够适应于旱生的环境中。

Significant differences in cytosine methylation level among the three tissues and the same changing tendency in two inbred lines were detected. Both MSAP (methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism) ratio and full methylation level were the highest in bracteal leaf, and the lowest in tassel.

结果表明，3个组织甲基化水平存在一定差异，并在两自交系中表现出相同的变化趋势，即雌穗苞叶的甲基化敏感扩增多态性比率和全甲基化率最高，穗位叶次之，雄穗最低。

In this article,progress in studies and utilization of special watermelon germplasm resources for branchless,dwraf,nonlobed-leaves,male-Sterility and delayed green leaf is introduced in China.

本文介绍了国内对无杈、短蔓、板叶、雄性不育和叶片后绿特异西瓜种质资源的研究利用进展。

Immunocytochemistry localization shows SBP117 is mainly located at the bulliform cell in the leaf. Tissue printing study showed that SBPl 17 is mainly located at the epidermis of roots, shoots and leaves as well as in the vascular bundle of the rice roots and leaves. The distribution of SBPl 17 is coincided with the sites of Si accumulated in rice plants.

免疫细胞化学检测SBP117主要分布在水稻叶片的泡状细胞中；组织印迹法显示SBP117主要分布在水稻根茎叶的外表皮中，在根和叶的维管组织中也有分布，这与硅在水稻体内的分布是一致的，说明此蛋白参与控制硅在水稻体内的沉积。

Chestnut is a high valued economic orchard crops in Guangdong mountain area. A new disease on the leaves of chestnut was found in chestnut orchard of SCAU and areas where chestnut grows in Guangdong. Its symptom was different with those any reported leaf disease on chestnut. The pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and is the same as the pathogen of Coniella castanicola, anthracnose of Camellia oleifera and Caryota ochlandra.

近年，在华南农业大学板栗园及广东一些板栗产区，栗叶上出现了一种新的病害，其发病症状与已报道的板栗叶部病害无一是完全符合的，经鉴定，这种病原菌属于半知菌亚门，腔孢纲，黑盘孢目，黑盘孢科，刺盘孢属，胶胞炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides，与板栗炭疽病、油茶炭疽病以及鱼尾葵炭疽病的病原一致。

In order to study relationship between insects and plants in island habitats,a survey was carried out of intensity and patterns of Castanopsis sclerophylla leaf eating by insects on several isles in the Qiandao Lake,Zhejiang Province.

昆虫从植物获得食物，对植物造成损伤，也对植物造成自然选择的压力，使它产生化学和物理的防卫机制，这种协同进化关系维持了热带森林丰富的物种多样性[1]。

And RW pathogen material impact on promoting corruption, the result shows : RW promoting corruption in simulated conditions, the number of male live Meloidogyne incognita, the number of females and 10 days respectively reduction in the number of oocysts 61.31%, 48.51%, 49.22%; Pathogens in tobacco black shank (Phytophthora nicotiana Breda de Haan), cercospora leaf spot pathogen were lower 97.68% and 97.77%.

与RW促腐剂对病害病原物影响对比，结果显示：RW促腐剂在模拟条件下，使活体根结线虫雄虫数、雌虫数、卵囊数在10d内分别减少61.31%、48.51%、49.22%；使烤烟黑胫病病原菌(Phytophthora nicotiana Breda de Haan)、角斑病病原菌分别比对照减少97.68%、97.77%。

In order to decrease the error rate of speech recognition, speaker adaptation techniques are often used to adjust speaker-dependent acoustic models. MLLR (Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression) and MAP are two of the most popular techniques in recent years. MLLR uses the technique of regression trees. It calculates the transform matrix for each leaf node of the tree. This makes it possible to use fewer sentences to decrease the error rate of HMM-based speech recognition. However, while we examined the recognition result, we found that although the overall error rate decreased, but the error rate of certain confusable phones was higher. In order to solve this problem, we propose the use MPE (Minimum Phone Error Discriminative Training) to solve this problem.

在语音辨识技术的实际应用上，语者调适技术常被用做调整语者无关之声学模型，使其对於特定语者之辨识率有所提升，常见的语者调适技术有最大化相似度线性回归（Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression），其精神在於透过对语音辨识模型相近的mixture做群聚，再对各个群聚做调整，以期能达到利用少量语料，提升辨识率的目的，但其缺点为，在发音上相近的模型，其mixture原本就极为近似，若再分类为同一群聚做调整，容易因为使用者的发音习惯，而使模型偏向ㄓ或ㄗ，因此虽然整体的辨识率获得提升，但却造成混淆音的错误率上升。

There were less Na+ in root, stem and leaf, more free proline and soluble sugar in leaves, and higher shoot relative water content in Cucurbita ficifolia.

结果表明，在对照和盐处理条件下，两种黄瓜嫁接苗叶面积、干物重、相对含水量、根系活力、叶片中叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、K~+和Ca~(2+)含量均大于自根苗。

Ex Yi, growing along elevational gradients in Wolong Nature Reserve. Leaf NSC content and Narea in F. angustissima, and Nmass in F. nitida did not respond to altitude, whereas all other parameters studied changed non-linearly with increasing elevation for both bamboo species.

ex Yi为对象，沿海拔梯度研究了两种竹子在各自海拔分布区间内组织非结构性碳水化合物含量、比叶面积、以及基于单位叶面积和单位叶质量的叶氮含量(Narea， Nmass)。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。