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Begonia pulvinifera is similar to B. wangii T. T. Yü, differing in the lower surface of the leaf being pale green; petiole with a reddish brown swollen base; tepals obtuse; tepals of staminate flowers 4; tepals of carpellate flowers 3 and ovary with axile placentation throughout. Begonia pulvinifera also resembles B. cavaleriei Lév., but is distinguishable by the narrower leaf; pulvinate petiole; stipules triangular with apex acuminate or cuspidate; and ovate bracts with apex acute or acuminate.

相似种类有少瓣秋海棠与昌感秋海棠：但本新种叶背面浅绿色，叶柄基部红棕色、膨大，雄花花被片四枚，雌花花被片三枚，花被片先端圆钝，且子房通体具中轴胎座，有别於少瓣秋海棠；此外，新种之托叶三角形，先端渐尖或骤尖，叶身较窄，叶柄基部具叶枕，卵状苞片先端尖或渐尖，明显不同於昌感秋海棠。

In conclusion, adjustability of leaf morphology were stronger than crown form within Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana forest for different crown classes. Take leaf level as main adaptation strategy to catch light resources efficiently under canopy.

综合言之，台湾扁柏林内不同冠级林木在树冠形态的调整，以叶形态反应较冠形态强烈，即以叶层级为主要调整方式，提高光截取利用之效率。

The slices of pear leaf samples infected by apple chlorotic leaf spot virus were prepared for situ RT-PCR and were detected by primed in situ labeling technique using special primer.

选用带苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的香梨叶片，制备成适合进行原位RT-PCR的石蜡切片。

These indicted that the low temperature in autumn and short sunshine could promote the synthesis of the leaf protein,degrade the buildup of starch and invert part of starch to glucose,thus the PAL enzymatic activity were increased and the synthesis of cyanin was promoted,the leaf color changed red.

这说明秋季低温和短日照促进叶片蛋白质的合成，降低淀粉积累，将部分淀粉转化为葡萄糖，PAL酶活性增加，从而促进花色素苷的合成，叶色转为红色。

Petioles are often described as winged in Hemiboea; since a winged petiole is really a decurrent leaf blade, they are described here as the leaf blade base.

叶柄是在Hemiboea里描述成具翅的通常；自从一具翅的叶柄真的是一下延的叶片，他们已经把这里描述为叶片基部。

Leaf sheath distally and leaf blade abaxially pruinose sometimes not pruinose in M.

叶鞘上部和具粉霜的叶片背面有时不具粉霜在M。

Methods:①Pharmacodynamics observed the effects of The root and leaf of Panicled Fameflower on swimming time of mouse, and physiological function, IL-2 IgA IgM IgG C3 C4 of rat of asthenia of the spleen, and The leaf of Panicled Fameflower on determinating mininal inhibitory concentration, swelling of mouse ear, capillary vein permeability of mouse skin, granuloma in rat.

①药效学实验：观察土人参根、叶对小鼠游泳时间的影响，以及对&脾虚&大鼠脾脏生理功能，细胞因子IL-2、IgA、IgM、IgG、C3、C4的影响，验证土人参根、叶&健脾&功效；观察土人参叶体外抗菌实验，对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响，对小鼠皮肤毛细血管通透性增高的影响，以及对大鼠棉球肉芽肿的影响，验证土人参叶&解毒消痈&功效。

Leaf sheaths shorter than internodes, loose, pilose or glabrescent; leaf blades linear, flat or convolute, rigid, 15–30 cm × 5–8 mm, glabrous or hairy, apex finely acuminate; ligule 0.3–0.5 mm. Panicle usually contracted, dense, infrequently looser, 15–35 cm; central axis and branches scabrid-hispidulous; branches 2.5–10 cm, fasciculate in middle part, ascending; pedicels scabrid, apex often with stiff bristles.

叶鞘短于节间，松散，具柔毛的或后脱落；叶片线形，平或，硬质，15-30厘米×5-8毫米，无毛或有毛，好渐尖的先端；叶舌0.3-0.5毫米圆锥花序通常签合同，浓，很少发生松散，15-35厘米；粗糙主轴线和分枝具短硬毛；分枝2.5-10厘米，束状的在中部，上升；粗糙的花梗，顶经常有硬的硬毛。

Leaves opposite, occasionally alternate, rarely verticillate, fasciculate, or in a whorl; stipules usually present, often reduced to lines connecting petiole bases, sometimes reduced to petiolar ocrea or a connate leaf-sheath; leaf blade usually entire, pinnately veined or 3--7-veined from base.

叶对生，偶尔互生，很少轮生，束状，或者形成一轮；托叶通常宿存，通常退化成线，连接叶柄基部，有时形成托叶或者合生成叶鞘；叶片通常全缘，成羽状脉或脉自基部。

Culms 4–7 m, to 3(–6) cm in diam.; culm sheaths densely fulvous setose, especially at base; leaf sheath oral setae absent to 3; leaf blade secondary veins 2- or 3-paired.

秆4-7米，对3(-6)厘米直径；浓密黄褐色具刚毛的竿箨，特别是在基部；叶鞘口头的刚毛无到3；叶片次脉2或3配对。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。