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Secondly, according to the stem and leaf anatomy, leaf epidermis, pollen morphology and floral development, it is found that there are no close relations between Acorus and Typhales, especially in the aspect of floral development. In the course of floral development of A. calamus, neither bracteloe primordium nor common primordium occurs in the whole course. Early development of the flower is strongly unidirectional. Three shield carpels develop into a pistil. In Sparganium fallax, each female flower has a bracteole. The bracteole primordium and the floral primordium originate from a complex structure. A single saccate carpel develops into a pistil. In staminate flowers, petal and stamen primordia initiate spirally.

菖蒲属与香蒲目的茎叶解剖特征、叶表皮特征、花粉特征及花器官发生特点等亦存在着明显区别，特别是花器官发生特点差异尤为显著，如菖蒲属花器官发生过程中，没有苞片原基，也不存在任何形式的复合原基，花被与雄蕊原基均以单向性方式发生，雌蕊由3心皮发育而成，具有"盾状心皮"的特点等，黑三棱属则有苞片原基发生，且苞片原基与雌花原基起源于共同的复合结构，雄花的花被原基和雄蕊原基均以螺旋状方式发生，雌蕊由单心皮发育而成，未发现有2或3个心皮原基或其痕迹的现象，体现出"囊状心皮"的特点。

UV-B-induced damage in such leaves could be reduced with 0.5 mmol.L-1 NaHSO3 treatment; brown spots on the leaf surface were reduced in number, the degree of leaf wilt was reduced, degradation of chlorophyll and carotinoid was reduced and flavonoid level was increased. With the NaHSO3 treatment, the content of H2O2 in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris under enhanc ed UV-B radiation was significantly lower than in controls, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher with treatment than in controls.

结果表明：与未处理对照相比较，用0.5 mmol.L-1 NaHSO3处理的离体红芸豆叶片表面褐色斑减少、边缘蜷曲及萎蔫程度降低；且能延缓叶片中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的降低；使类黄酮含量升高；叶片中过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性升高，过氧化氢(H2O2)含量降低。

Papaya leaf curl China virus occurred widely and caused severe disease in papaya in the suburb of Nanning,Guangxi Province.In 2002—2004,the incidence rate reached 47.23%—100% in severely infected papaya fields,and the symptoms in infected papaya included stunt,downward leaf curling,dark green vein and enation,and petiole twist.

番木瓜曲叶病毒病在广西南宁市郊区发生严重并造成很大经济损失，经2002-2004年调查，重病果园发病率高达47.23%-100%，染病番木瓜矮缩，叶片向下卷曲，叶背部叶脉增生，叶柄扭曲，早期染病植株无法开花结果。

When comparing USFA concentration, it tended to be higher in female. Breast meat contained significantly higher saturated fatty acid (P.001) and leaf fat contained significantly higher USFA (P.001). C18:2 content from birds kept in wet pad type housing increased significantly between 10-11-wk old; at 10-12-wk old, the increment in male was significant while gradient increment was noted in female between 11-12-wk old. The content of USFA in breast meat tended to increase gradually with age and vice versa for SFA after 12-wk old. The trend for SFA and USFA content in thigh meat were gradual after 7-wk old while no considerable change was noted for the SFA and USFA content in the leaf fat.

胸肉含有显著较高之总饱和脂肪酸(P.001)，腹脂含有显著较高之USFA(P.001)。C18：2含量在水帘式畜舍在10到11周龄之间有一明显的增加，开放式畜舍则在11到12周龄之间有一明显的增加；公鸡部分在10到12周龄之间有一明显的增加，母鸡部分则在11到12周龄之间有逐渐增加之趋势；不同部位的部分则可以发现，胸肉中USFA含量，会随著周龄的增加而有逐渐增加的趋势，SFA则反之，且皆在12周龄以后趋於平缓，腿肉中之SFA及USFA含量，皆在7周龄以后趋於平缓，腹脂中之SFA及USFA含量，在全期则变化不大。

Lesion numbers on the inducer-treated plants treat with BTH, JZG and TS were significantly less than on control plants, in the meantime, treatment with BTH, JZG and TS led to an increase in activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in tobacco leaf tissue. Indicated these inducers triggered SAR in tobacco plants; in the same, BTH, JZG and TS were sprayed on the 1st leaf on melon plant before challenge inoculation with Erysiphe cidhoracerum.

发酵液、3—氨基丁酸(3-amin-butyric acid，3—ABA)和茉莉酸(Jasmonic acid，JA)等9种供试诱导剂在珊西烟上进行筛选：用各种诱导剂分别处理珊西烟从下数第6片真叶，上部第7、8、9叶挑战接种TMV，调查比较发病后枯斑数，筛选结果表明，只有经BTH、JZG和TS三种诱导剂处理的珊西烟叶片上的TMV枯斑数较对照显著减少，并能诱导珊西烟叶片中几丁质酶和β-1，3-葡聚糖酶活性增强。

The comparative study on vegetation background survey of the stationsand the comparison on level of phytocoenology on zonal habitats indicates thatthe diminishment of the numbers of families,genus and species,compositionof life types,diversity of communities and habitats,;and the increscence in theproportion of photosynthesis functional groups of C3/C4 plant,richness ofspecies,density of tussock and tiller,diversity of species,evenness,leaf areaindex,leaf area duration,dry matter production of communities alongside thelatitude increasing and the temperature decreasing;and the dynamic curve ofthe community productivity also tend to steadily increase along with thetemperature going up and the heat accumulation gradually in moderate-temperate steppe station from violent fluctuation along with seasonal badly-distribution of precipitation in warm-temperature steppe station;manifestingthat transformable tendency of productivity pattern of the community from morevigorous net assimilation,sparser and higher crops stricture of tussock and tiller,and possession on more resources by less species inclined to thicker in densityof crops,superior effectiveness of multi-leaves and pattern of multi-speciesresource sharing,reflecting that bigger disparity of the vegetationcharacteristics and the style of the community growth in the two differentthermal-type steppe stations owing to background of natural-historicenvironment and combination of water and heat.

内蒙古草原区两个不同热量型研究站点植被本底调查和显域地境群落学水平的比较研究表明：随纬度增加和气温降低，植物科、属、种的数目，生活型组成，群落类型和生境类型的多样性均趋于减少，而C3/C4光合功能群比值和群落的物种丰富度，株丛密度，物种多样性，群落均匀度，叶面积指数，叶面积持续时间和群落干物质生产能力均趋于增加，群落生产力动态曲线从随天然降水的季节分布不均而剧烈波动趋向于随气温逐渐升高和热量逐步积累而稳定增长，显示出两站点植物群落从较为旺盛的群体净同化作用、较为稀疏高大的群体结构和少数物种占有较多群落资源的生产力格局向较高的群体密度、优良的多叶性能和多物种资源共享的群落生产力格局转变，反映出在内蒙古草原区不同的自然历史环境背景和不同的温度条件及其水热组合状况影响下，两个不同热量型草原站点植被性质的分异特征和显域地境群落生长模式的较大差别。

The physiologic changes of leaf vegetables after picked and the basic principles of the technology for keeping fresh were discussed. The effect of MAP on leaf vegetables stored in different component gas at normal temperature was studied with cabbages, caraways, leeks, to select the best packaging atmosphere for keeping leaf vegetables fresh.

论述了叶菜类蔬菜采后的生理变化和气调包装保鲜的基本原理，并以小白莱、香菜和韭菜为例，对常温叶菜在不同气体成分下的气调保鲜进行了实验研究，提出了适合叶菜气调包装保鲜的最佳气氛配比。

Moreover, pruming leaf decreased the yields of muskmelon. In contrast to the control, the yield of remained upper five-leaf treatments was close to the controls, and upper-leaf made more contribution to the fruit.

在果实成熟过程中，与下位叶处理相比，上位叶处理的果实鲜质量、干质量较高，果实横、纵径的增大速度较快，果实的内壁糖和中心糖的含量较高。

In the oak community, leaf population dynamics was related to both physical environment and leaf characteritics, and this is consistent with the theories of maximum carbon gain, leaf life span, and phenlogical adaptation.

3， 白栎群落中，野外调查显示叶群体动态与物种的生存环境和物种属性具有直接联系，这种关系被认为与植物最大的碳获取、叶寿命理论，以及避免动物侵食是一致的。

On the base of the status that leaf spring's application and composite material development in our country, a study on an automobile equipped with main and accessory leaf spring is done, which used the compound material spring instead of leaf spring.

复合材料在合理地满足刚度和强度的前提下代替钢制件，可减重70%左右，使用中可节省燃油，提高使用寿命和安全性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。