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Special solutions for the ring circular domain with crack surfaces acted on uniform compressive force, linear compressive force and linear shearing force are deduced in polar coordinate employed the eigenfunction expansion technique in the Hamiltonian system of elastic mechanics. Combined with the general solution for the above problems, the analytical solutions for crack tip fields with surfaces acted on the above three kinds of loads are obtained. These solutions offer theoretical basis to construct analytical elements for plastic analysis of crack.

从弹性力学哈密顿体系理论出发，利用平面弹性力学极坐标系下的本征向量展开求解，推导了环形圆形域裂纹边作用有均布压力、线性压力和均布剪切力情况下的特解，从而得到了裂纹表面作用有以上三种荷载情况下的裂纹尖端场的解析解，为进一步构造进行弹塑性裂纹分析的奇异解析元奠定了理论基础。

The control principle of electrostatic shaping was introduced according to the balance between electrostatic force and resulting force formed by membrane deformation and the complex shaping process of SMEC. Then, taking the trisection circularity electrode for an example, the distribution characteristic of electric potential in the electrostatic field was analyzed, namely, the expression of potential function in the electrostatic field was deduced by Laplacian equation. And then, by combining the difference equation with electric potential expression, the numerical solutions of electrostatic force in single electrode mode and trisection circularity electrode mode were disposed.

根据静电力与薄膜变形载荷作用力之间的平衡关系和静电拉伸薄膜反射镜成形的复杂过程，介绍了薄膜反射镜静电成形的控制原理；以三等分环状电极为例，分析了静电场中空间电势分布特性，即从拉普拉斯方程推导出静态场势函数的表达式；然后，利用差分与电势方程结合的方法，对单电极电场力和三等分环状电极电场力进行了数值求解；最后，将计算面形与理想抛物面进行了比较，结果显示，单电极情况下得到的薄膜反射镜面形不是理想抛物面，若采用多电极控制可获得更高的控制精度。

With the rapid development of the engineering actions in the highland with particular stratigraphic sequence, because of the buildings at the back of the sliding body and the cutting slope at the front, the pushing force of rock and soil in slope increased, but the anti-sliding force weakened. On the other hand, during the rainfall surface water immerged into the layer interface of the diatomite along the unloading cranny, resulting in the diatomite becoming soft after absorbing water and its shear strength lowered. At the time, the water level went up, the dynamic water pressure and uplift pressure increased, the anti-sliding force continued to reduce. Therewithal, the landslides occurred along sliding surfaces with small tilt angle.

在丘陵区此独特的层序地层近年来随着人类工程活动强度的增大，滑体后缘建筑，前缘切坡，造成下滑力增加，抗滑力减弱；另一方面在降雨的作用下，地表水体沿着卸荷裂隙通道浸入到下伏硅藻土层界面，硅藻土吸水软化，抗剪强度减弱，同时地下水水位上升，动水压力和扬压力加大，抗滑力进一步降低，于是产生了低倾角滑面滑坡。

By separate legislation, Congress also limits what percentage of the total active duty force can serve in each commissioned officer rank, what percentage of the total active duty force can serve in each warrant officer rank, and what percentage of the active duty force can serve in each enlisted rank, above the grade of E-4 (there are no statutory limits for E-4 and below).

通过其他单独的立法，国会还对每个衔级的军官、准尉以及E-4以上级别的士兵在所有现役人员中所占比例做出限制（E-4及以下级别的士兵无此法定限制）。

In this research, the pubertal five-week-old SD rats were chose as experimental object to establish the animal model for simulating maxillary protraction, on which was imposed the orthopedic force of 85g with utilizing the self-devised maxillary protraction appliance. Located lateral X-ray cephalograms were taken to measure and analyze the changes of maxillary development after exerting the orthopedic force for 4 weeks. The technique of immunohistochemistry was used to investigate theexpression of TGF-, in frontomaxillary sutures and palatomaxillary sutures with identical force performing for different extent of time. The average hue was selected as indicator, which was measured by the means of the analysis system of pathological color images. The measuring data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA in software SPSS 11.0 version.

本研究采用自行设计的上颌前牵引装置，以生长发育期5周龄SD大鼠为实验对象，施加85g的矫形力，建立了模拟上颌前牵引的动物模型，通过X线头影测量分析，观察施力4周后上颌骨的生长发育情况；应用免疫组织化学技术，检测同一力值作用不同时段下TGF-β_1在上颌骨的额颌缝、腭颌缝的表达，彩色病理图象分析系统测定每张切片中阳性染色细胞的平均灰度值，结果采用SPSS 11.0进行方差分析。

Our results showed that the most appropriate rib's level for applying force was below the apex of scoliotic spine. From this appropriate level, the stress delivered to its conjunctive vertebra was the highest, as 1.3~1.8 times compared with others. Furthermore, the correction of Cobb's angle was also the highest, achieved 15%. The ML force was dominant in alteration of Cobb's angle, whereas the AP force was dominant in alteration of axial vertebral rotation. In addition, initial vertebral rotation influenced neither correction nor stress.

研究结果显示由凸点椎体的下一节对应之肋骨施力能使传入椎体具最高平均应力，较其他施力位置高出1.3到1.8倍之间，对柯卜氏角度可达15%的最佳矫正率；其中侧向施力主导冠状面上的矫正，而前后向施力主导扭转角度的矫正；另外椎体初始旋转角度对侧弯矫正和应力分布均无明显影响。

In this thesis, the influence of column force, joint hoop reinforcement, and repeat load on the stress and sheer bearing capability of inclined pressure bar is analyzed utilizing finite element software. In the case study, the column axial force's influence on the inclined pressure bar's equivalent width, stress and sheer bearing capability of RCFEN is obtained by changing the column force when modeling the RCFEN with ANSYS. In the former model, the joint hoop reinforcement influence on the equivalent width inclined pressure bar and the strength of RCFEN is achieved by changing the quantity of joint hoop reinforcement; the inclined pressure bar's equivalent width and the strength variation of RCFEN under cyclic load are gained by applying low frequency cyclic load on the inflection point of column and the middle of beam.

针对上述算例中的框架外节点采用ANSYS进行建模，运用有限元软件分析了柱轴力、节点箍筋、反复荷载对外节点斜压杆承载力、抗剪承载力的影响：改变柱轴力，研究了柱轴力对斜压杆的等效宽度、框架外节点斜压杆承载力、框架外节点斜压杆抗剪承载力的影响；在上述模型中，改变节点箍筋的数量，分析了节点箍筋对斜压杆的等效宽度、框架外节点强度的影响；在上述模型中，在柱反弯点和梁中点均进行低周反复加载，讨论了在反复荷载作用下，框架外节点的斜压杆的等效宽度、框架外节点强度的变化情况。

In Chapter 1, it introduces atomic force microscopy as a widely used tool in surface measurement and how electrostatic force effects the deviation in measurement using the frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy during the research.

第一章先介绍已被广泛应用在表面量测的重要工具─原子力显微镜，再介绍先前文献对静电力造成频率调制原子力显微镜量测误差之研究。

The magnetic intensity of the applied magnetic force on a ferromagnetic material denoted by the term H measured in oersteds; b. The magnetic inducition or flux density as the flux per unit area normal to the direction of the flux ,denoted by B and measured in gauss; c. The magnetic permeability establishes the relation between magnetic induction and magnetizing force expressed as B/H =u; d.Residual magnetism or remanent magnetism which remains in the casting after the magnetizing force has been removed .

磁场强度的应用磁力就一铁磁材料标注由任期h来衡量， oersteds ；乙磁inducition或磁通密度为通量每单位面积正常的方向通量，标注由B和衡量在高斯；长该磁导建立的关系磁感应强度和磁化力表示的B /为H = u ； d.residual磁性或剩余磁性，这仍然是在铸造后，磁化部队已被删除。

1A3 Need a list that shows both national and local applicable laws 1A8 Accident record must include personal injury,reason for accident Corrective action and the police summary of injuries 4A1 Comment-add the date that the list was last updated 5A3 No training 5A4 Cleanup of shekow maintenance area 5A5 License and disposal receipts missing 7A2 Firefighting equipment missing in some trucks-self assessment 7A4 Require training records 8A1 Training should include all topics listed in IWAY document 8D1 Each truck should have small first-aid box 8F1 Comment –Existing safety belts in trucks must be used 9A2 Personal washing facilities must be improved,separated from the kitchen and washroom area 10A1 All workers do not have a contract 10A2 Need to keep accurate records of working hours for each worker 10A3 National law states that workers must be paid within 30days 10A4 Can not be verified 10A5 Working hours can not be verified 10A6 Working hours can not be verified 10A7 Working hours can not be verified 10A8 Working hours can not be verified 109 Can not be verified 10A10 Insurance is not fully covered 11A1 Require a labour force registry 11A2 Require a labour force registry 11A3 Require a labour force registry 12A1 No deposit allowed 13A1 Can be no restriction age 15A1 Cooperation contract rules must follow the law on the limits of fines

眼泪 1 A3 需要一本表示的目录既国家的且地方可适用法律 1 A8 意外事件记录一定包括个人的受伤，意外事件的理由纠正的行动和受伤的警察摘要 4 A1 意见-增加日期目录最后被更新没有训练的 5 A3 shekow 维护区域的 5 A4 清除不见的 5 A5 执照和处理收据 7 A2 枪战仪器在一些卡车-自己的评估中失去 7 A4 需要教育记录 8 A1 教育应该包括在 IWAY 文件中被列出的所有主题 8 D1 每辆卡车应该有小的急救盒子存在卡车的安全带子的 8 F1 意见–一定被用个人的 9 A2 洗濯设备一定被改良，从厨房和盥洗室区域分开所有的 10 A1 工人没有一份契约 10 A2 需要为每个工人保存工作时间的正确记录国家的法律工人一定在 30 天内被支付的州 10 A3 10 A4 不能被查证 10 A5 工作时间不能被查证 10 A6 工作时间不能被查证 10 A7 工作时间不能被查证 10 A8 工作时间不能被查证 109 不能被查证 10 A10 保险不完全被复盖 11 A1 需要一个劳工力量注册 11 A2 需要一个劳工力量注册 11 A3 需要一个劳工力量注册没有的 12 A1 存款允许 13 A1 可能是限制年龄 15 A1 合作契约规则一定遵从在罚款的极限上的法律

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。