查询词典 in force

The generalized force consists of the generalized conservative force, the generalized dissipation force and the generalized force in correspondence with the generalized coordinate except the generalized conservative force and the generalized dissipation force.

基于非自治有阻尼系统推导了第二类Lagrange方程，使用虚功原理，给出了广义力的求解方法，广义力由广义保守力、广义耗散力、除广义保守力和广义耗散力以外的对应于广义坐标的广义力这3部分组成。

In this paper, a "rigid bar relative movement model" was established to illustrate the traces of the helices in wire ropes. The angular speed of a moving particle of the model was relatives to curvature tensor to derive the curvature components and torsion of helices in multi-layer wire ropes. According to long and thin rod theory of Love and Yen-Chen's theoretical model considered the contact force and frictional force, the force-deformation or force-strain relative of wire in curved wire ropes subjected axial force is derived from the curvature components and curvature increment.

本研究改以刚杆相对运动模型，直接描述钢索中钢绞线轨迹，并且透过角速度类比曲率张量之概念，推导圆弧型多层钢索内部之钢铰线之曲率分量与扭率；之后再依据Love的细长杆理论，辅以Yen-Chen在考虑接触力及摩擦力下所修正之理论模型，以曲率及曲率增量来探讨圆弧型钢索受静态荷重作用下，钢绞线之受力与变形或应变关系。

This paper described several applicable measurement techniques and characteri-stics in the study of Spacer grid clipping force relaxation behaviour,such asmeasuring clipping force relaxation in the laboratory,measuring fuel rod brea-kaway force and withdrawal force within the cell of post-irradiated 17×17 asse-mbly,measuring friction force and cell size withi...

本文介绍了定位格架夹持力辐照松弛研究中几种适用的测量方法及其特点，如在实验室研究中测定位格架弹簧力的松弛，在辐照后的17×17验证组件中测燃料棒在栅元中的移动力和滑动力、在抽出燃料棒的空栅元中测栅元摩擦力及栅元尺寸等方法。

In this paper the conflicting discussion of scholastic view-point on seepage force which has lasted many years is stated. Then the physical concept of seepage force and its related forces including the resolved two components (a seepage force and a buoyant force) from seepage resultant force, the transformation between the seepage force and boundary pore water pressures, schematic diagram of forces acting on unit soil mass and the mathematic proof by Green theorem are described.

追述了多年来对渗透力学术观点的争论，并再就此问题论述了渗透力的物理概念及其与之相关的各力（包括渗流作用合力及其分解成的两个分力，渗透力与周边孔隙水压力的转换关系及各力作用在单位土体的图示；从数学上引用格林公式，证明土体表面水压力与土体本身渗透力之间的转换关系。

MethodsTraditional gradient force, gradient plus pressure force and gradient vector flow force were used in active contour models to segment malleus, incus, eardrum and some shared surface images. The segmentation results were compared. ResultsBoth the gradient force and the GVF force resulted in satisfactory results when the initial contours were close to the boundary.

将传统的梯度外力、梯度加压力及梯度矢量流外力应用于主动轮廓模型，分别对砧骨、锤骨、砧骨和锤骨间的共享狭窄面及鼓膜等图像进行图像分割，比较图像分割的结果，选择收敛速度快、分割结果准确的方法。

The results show that there will be slight decrease of the control efforts when the mean absolute value or the root mean square value of the optimal control force is taken as the maximum designed control force, while the maximum control force of MR damper can be decreased by 85% compared with the maximum optimal control force. The decrease in the designed control force can not only significantly increase the capability of MR dampers, but also reduce the dimension of MR dampers for pratical application in engineering.

研究表明，当设计值取最优控制力的平均绝对值或均方根值时，MR阻尼器的最大控制力比最优控制力的最大值降低了85%，而控制效果降低不多，可以满足对结构的控制要求；降低最大控制力设计值后，不但可以充分发挥MR阻尼器的出力性能，而且可以缩小MR阻尼器的设计尺寸，便于工程应用。

The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first, the technologies of atomic force microscopy and of the measurement elasticity of biomolecules were introduced. In the second, the validity of VSPFM was confirmed by lift mode atomic force microscopy. In this chapter, the height of DNA was measured by lift mode atomic force microscopy, which demonstrated that the method of height measurement of biomolecules by VSPFM was correct and established the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy. In the third chapter, detailed work has been illustrated on the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by VSPFM. And the compressive elasticity of DNA was measured. In fourth and fifth chapters, the method was applied in the measurement elasticity of proteins. Two proteins elasticity, fibre-like protein α-synuclein and global protein IgG, were measured by VSPFM, through which the method wound its way to the application of biomolecules. In last chapter, the final part of the thesis was a summary. A conclusion of the thesis and a self-comment on my work as a PhD candidate have been made, and expectation about the further works has been addressed.

本论文共分为六章，第一章，引言部分主要介绍了原子力显微镜技术及生物大分子弹性测量技术；第二章主要是VSPFM方法的正确性论证，介绍抬高模式原理，利用抬高模式原子力显微镜对DNA的高度进行测量，论证振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的高度的正确性以及准确性，从而为振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的弹性方法的建立奠定基础；第三章以脱氧核糖核酸为例详细介绍了振动模式极化力显微镜测量生物大分子弹性的方法的建立，对DNA的压弹性进行了初步的测量和分析；第四章和第五章介绍了振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用：α-synuclein和IgG分别是纤维状蛋白和球状颗粒蛋白，通过振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量这两种蛋白质的弹性，摸索振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用；第六章对全文进行了总结，在对论文的工作进行归纳和自我评价之后，还对进一步的工作进行了展望。

U.S. Air Force 36th Air Expeditionary Wing commander, said White, Guam's future military strength will be greatly enhanced, Guam's strategic position is particularly important, according to the U.S. Air Force's plan, in the next 5 years to 10 years, the Air Force is expected to Guam Andersen Air Force Base to invest one billion U.S. dollars to two billion U.S. dollars of funds to expand the size of the base, which also reflects the Anderson Air Force Base in the Pacific region will become the most important U.S. air base.

美空军第36空中远征联队司令怀特表示，关岛未来的军事实力将获得极大增强，关岛的战略地位尤为重要，根据美国空军的计划，在未来5年到10年时间里，空军预计向关岛安德森空军基地投资10亿美元到20亿美元资金，扩展基地的规模，这也反映出安德森空军基地将成为太平洋地区美军最重要的空军基地。

LONDON - Eastern military - said the Chinese air force training in foreign countries lags behind the urgent need for new higher education machine - air force fighter trainer training Bidar PAKFA Air Force Air Force Air Force Base Education Training aircraft training system.

东方网-东方军事-外国称中国空军训练水平落后迫切需要新高教机-教练机空军战机空军飞机空军训练Bidar PAKFA 训练方法空军基地高教机训练系统。

In addition, the blank holding force that is required to avoid wrinkle and rupture during conical part deep drawing is researched. The necessity of reasonable blank holding force in pressing is expounded. From the view of mechanical analysis, the wrinkle critical condition of side-wall is derived for the first time by the stress state of side-wall, the main deformation region on blank. According to the critical condition of plastic instability for flange, side--wall, corner of punch on blank, The blank holding force in conical part deep drawing is divided into four different regions within its forming figure. The basic principle of reasonable blank holding force during stamping is summarized and provided. The mathematical model of reasonable blank holding force that avoids the wrinkle and rupture is established and verified by the finite element numerical simulation and the grid experiment method. The result shows that it is accurate and reliable.

此外，本文还研究了圆锥形件拉深成形过程中，随着拉深变形过程的进行，毛坯为避免产生起皱、破坏缺陷而对压边力的需求情况，阐明了圆锥形件拉深成形过程中压边力合理变化的必要性；由毛坯主要变形区悬空锥壁部分的受力变形情况，从力学分析的角度，首次推导得出了圆锥形零件悬空锥壁起皱失稳的临界条件；并根据主要变形区法兰、悬空锥壁及凸模圆角部分的塑性失稳临界条件，在其成形范围图中，将圆锥形件成形过程中的压边力划分为四个区域；总结并提出了圆锥形件成形过程中压边力合理变化的基本原则；建立了防止起皱、破坏缺陷产生的压边力合理变化的数学模式，并得到了有限元数值模拟及网格实验法的验证，证实了理论分析结果的正确性和可靠性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。