查询词典 in fault

Taking the plate tectonics as leading theories, combining outcrop, seismic techniques, drilling and logging datum, inter-verifing manifold researching methods, The paper has amply researched the region. discussed the coupling relation of basin-mountain and the geodynamics system; analyzed geologic tectonic characteristics of the basin; confirmed superposed alteration in Mesozoic of the basin; recompartmentalized tectonic units of the researching region and the basin; studied the tectonic evolution of the basin since Mesozoic; ascertained four large tectonic layers and five tectonic evolution process stages in different ways of formation and tectonic alteration; established different tectonic stages、compages、models and sedimentary filled processes, based on the organic geochemistry and oil-gas geologic characteristics in middle Cenozoic of the basin, the conclusions have been summarized in the paper, such as:The primary source rock in lower Permian and subordinate source rock in upper Triassic are developed in the region with better quality, and secondary hydrocarbon is possible; The bearing system which is comparted by three large tectonic layers and two unconformity surfaces formed in Palaeozoic、upper Palaeozoic to Triassic and Cenozoic developing in the region, compounded with reservoirs of different lithology is developed in the region, while the property of tectonic fracture reservoir is better; Based on the analyzing petroleum accumulation elements and preserving conditions, the deep depressing belt in the north of Luoyang depression、Shiling-Yiyang folded fault belt in Yiyang depression and wide anticline belt in Yichuan depression are advantageous petroliferous region, Zhaizhen anticline in Luoyang depression and Shimen wide anticline on footwall of overthrust in Yichuan depression are optimum tectonic traps.

本文以板块构造理论为指导思想，采用露头区野外地质与盆地地震、钻井、测井资料密切结合，多种测试方法互检的研究方法，探讨了盆山耦合关系及其所控制的地球动力学系统；分析了研究区域和盆地地质结构构造特征，确定了中生代盆地的叠合改造性质，并重新划分区域构造单元和盆地构造单元，深入研究了洛阳—伊川盆地自中生代以来的构造演化；确定了成盆作用和构造改造作用的四大构造层和五期不同方式、方向的构造演化过程；建立了不同构造阶段的构造组合和样式及与构造相关的沉积充填过程；在此基础上通过多种有机地球化学指标，研究盆地中新生代油气地质特征，认为本区发育下二叠统区域主力烃源岩、上三叠统区域非主力烃源岩，两套烃源岩质量均较好，并具备二次生烃条件；认为本区发育古生界、上古生界—三叠系和新生界三大构造层、两个不整合界面分隔、不同岩性储集层叠置组合和构造裂隙型储集层的复式储集体系，其中构造裂隙型储集层储集性能较好；依据油气成藏条件和保存条件分析，认为洛阳凹陷北部深凹带、宜阳凹陷内石陵—宜阳褶断带以及伊川凹陷伊川宽阔背斜带为较有利含油气区，有利的构造圈闭是洛阳凹陷翟镇背斜和伊川凹陷的石门逆冲断层下盘的宽缓背斜

The selection of geological prospecting in different stages(initial-prospecting, detailed-prospecting)(2)the selection of geological prospecting in the deep-laid and shallow-laid of tunnel project (3)the selection of geological prospecting of tunnel projecting in different geological conditions Finally, the author summed up main problems needing to be solved in tunnel engineering geological prospecting as follow:(1)differentiate stratum and find out the depth and thickness of different stratums in the tunnel section (2)find out geological structure and existence situation of fault, broken zone and weak plane (3)find out weathering level of bed rock to classify surrounding rock combining speed materials (4)differentiate stratum structure of the entrance of tunnel to judge the stability of it (5)find out existence situation and performance of ground water (6)situations of other harmful geological phenomenon In view of above problems and classification of surrounding rock, the author showed principles of rational choosing of methods in geological prospecting and counted disperse range of physical character parameter value in different petrosal character, getting achievements as follow:(1)summarization of effect, merits and demerits of different geological prospecting methods in the tunnel geological investigation (2)method selection and arrangement principle of tunnel engineering geological prospecting in different geological conditions and prospecting stages (3)According to previous experience and cases, the author concluded the物性parameters most in use ,and showed the basis of selecting geological prospecting methods in different geological conditions.

论文中用几个应用实例来说明：(1)不同勘察阶段物探工作的选用；(2)深埋、浅埋隧道工程物探工作的选用；(3)不同地质条件隧道工程物探工作的选用。最后总结归纳出隧道工程物探所需要解决的问题主要有：(1)划分地层，查明隧道通过剖面的各地层深度与厚度。(2)查明地质构造，隧道轴线段有无断层、破碎带、软弱层面等。(3)查明基岩风化程度，从而结合速度资料进行围岩分级。(4)划分洞口地层结构，判断洞口稳定性。(5)查明地下水赋存情况及其活动动态。(6)其他不良地质现象存在情况。针对上述需要查明的地质问题与计算围岩分级情况，论文提出合理选用物探方法的原则，并统计了物性参数值在不同岩性中的分布范围。得出以下研究成果：(1)总结出各物探方法在隧道地质调查中的作用和优缺点。(2)得出不同地质条件下和不同勘察阶段，隧道工程物探方法选择和布置的原则。(3)根据以往工作经验和事例，对常用的物性参数进行了归纳总结，同时介绍了不同地质条件下物探方法选择的依据。

Firstly, we collected and sorted out the GPS data, established the uniform velocity field for the Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, and the horizontal deformation field relative to the Eurasia plate; Secondly, we established a motion model for the entire rotation and homogeneous strain of the first and second level blocks in Chinese mainland, analyzed the motion pattern and strain behavior of active blocks in Chinese mainland, as well as the motion pattern of principal fault zones in Chinese mainland; Thirdly, considering the heterogeneity of strain distribution inside a block and supposing that the strain tensor inside the block is the linear function of location, we derived and established an equation for the entire rotation and linear strain of block and a motion model for the entire rotation and linear strain of principal blocks in Chinese mainland; We also calculated the principal strain field and the maximum shear strain field in Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, analyzed the basic characteristics of strain field in Chinese mainland, as well as the relationship between the spatial distribution of strain field and large tectonic zones; Finally, we established the 2-D geotectonic model and digital model for Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, calculated the stress field in Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, and analyzed the basic features of stress field in Chinese mainland and the principal driving force for the motion and deformation in Chinese mainland.

收集整理了已有GPS资料，建立了中国大陆及周边地区统一的速度场以及相对欧亚板块的水平形变场；建立了中国大陆一、二级地块整体旋转与均匀应变的运动模型；分析了中国大陆活动地块的运动状态，应变状态，以及中国大陆主要断裂带的运动状态；考虑到一个块体内部应变张量空间分布的非均匀性，假设块体内部的应变张量是位置的线性函数，推导建立了块体整体旋转与线性应变方程，建立了中国大陆主要地块整体旋转与线性应变的运动模型；计算了中国大陆及周边地区的主应变场与最大剪应变场，分析了中国大陆应变场的基本特征，以及应变场的空间分布与大型构造带的关系；建立了中国大陆及周边地区二维的地质构造模型和数值模型，计算了中国大陆及周边地区的应力场，分析了中国大陆应力场的基本特征以及中国大陆运动、形变的主要驱动力。

I thank the gods for giving me such a brother, who was able by his moral character to rouse me to vigilance over myself, and who, at the same time, pleased me by his respect and affection; that my children have not been stupid nor deformed in body; that I did not make more proficiency in rhetoric, poetry, and the other studies, in which I should perhaps have been completely engaged, if I had seen that I was making progress in them; that I made haste to place those who brought me up in the station of honour, which they seemed to desire, without putting them off with hope of my doing it some time after, because they were then still young; that I knew Apollonius, Rusticus, Maximus; that I received clear and frequent impressions about living according to nature, and what kind of a life that is, so that, so far as depended on the gods, and their gifts, and help, and inspirations, nothing hindered me from forthwith living according to nature, though I still fall short of it through my own fault, and through not observing the admonitions of the gods, and, I may almost say, their direct instructions; that my body has held out so long in such a kind of life; that I never touched either Benedicta or Theodotus, and that, after having fallen into amatory passions, I was cured; and, though I was often out of humour with Rusticus, I never did anything of which I had occasion to repent; that, though it was my mother's fate to die young, she spent the last years of her life with me; that, whenever I wished to help any man in his need, or on any other occasion, I was never told that I had not the means of doing it; and that to myself the same necessity never happened, to receive anything from another; that I have such a wife, so obedient, and so affectionate, and so simple; that I had abundance of good masters for my children; and that remedies have been shown to me by dreams, both others, and against bloodspitting and giddiness...; and that, when I had an inclination to philosophy, I did not fall into the hands of any sophist, and that I did not waste my time on writers of histories, or in the resolution of syllogisms, or occupy myself about the investigation of appearances in the heavens; for all these things require the help of the gods and fortune.

我感谢神明给了我这样一个兄弟，他能以他的道德品格使我警醒，同时又以他的尊重和柔情使我愉悦；感谢神明使我的孩子既不愚笨又不残废，使我并不熟谙修辞、诗歌和别的学问，假如我看到自己在这些方面取得进展的话，本来有可能完全沉醉于其中的；我感谢神明使我迅速地给予了那些培养我的人以他们看来愿意有的荣誉，而没有延宕他们曾对我寄予的愿我以后这样做的期望（因为他们那时还是年轻的）；我感谢神明使我认识了阿珀洛尼厄斯、拉斯蒂克斯、马克西默斯，这使我对按照自然生活，对那种依赖神灵及他们的恩赐、帮助和灵感而过的生活得到了清晰而巩固的印象，没有什么东西阻止我立即按照自然生活，然而我还是因为自己的过错，因为没有注意到神灵的劝告（我几乎还可以说是他们的直接指示）而没有达到它；我的身体置于这样一种生活之外如此之久，我从未达到本尼迪克特或西奥多图斯的高度，但在陷入情欲之后，我还是被治愈了；虽然我常常达不到拉斯蒂克斯的那种气质，但还是没有做过使我悔恨的事情；虽然我母亲不能尽其天年而终，但她最后的年月是与我在一起的；在我希望帮助任何需要帮助的人的时候，或在任何别的场合，我都不感到我缺乏这样做的手段；而对我自己来说却不会有同样的需要：即需要从别人那里得到的东西；我有一个十分温顺、深情和朴实的妻子；我有许多优秀的教师来教育我的孩子；通过梦和其他办法，我发现各种药物来治疗咯血和头昏……当我有一种对哲学的爱好时，我没有落入任何诡辩家之手，没有在历史作品上，或者在三段论法的解决上浪费时间，也没有专注于探究天国的现象；而上面所有这些事情都要求有神灵和命运的帮助。

I thank the gods for giving me such a brother, who was able by his moral character to rouse me to vigilance over myself, and who, at the same time, pleased me by his respect and affection; that my children have not been stupid nor deformed in body; that I did not make more proficiency in rhetoric, poetry, and the other studies, in which I should perhaps have been completely engaged, if I had seen that I was making progress in them; that I made haste to place those who brought me up in the station of honour, which they seemed to desire, without putting them off with hope of my doing it some time after, because they were then still young; that I knew Apollonius, Rusticus, Maximus; that I received clear and frequent impressions about living according to nature, and what kind of a life that is, so that, so far as depended on the gods, and their gifts, and help, and inspirations, nothing hindered me from forthwith living according to nature, though I still fall short of it through my own fault, and through not observing the admonitions of the gods, and, I may almost say, their direct instructions; that my body has held out so long in such a kind of life; that I never touched either Benedicta or Theodotus, and that, after having fallen into amatory passions, I was cured; and, though I was often out of humour with Rusticus, I never did anything of which I had occasion to repent; that, though it was my mother's fate to die young, she spent the last years of her life with me; that, whenever I wished to help any man in his need, or on any other occasion, I was never told that I had not the means of doing it; and that to myself the same necessity never happened, to receive anything from another; that I have such a wife, so obedient, and so affectionate, and so simple; that I had abundance of good masters for my children; and that remedies have been shown to me by dreams, both others, and against bloodspitting and giddiness...; and that, when I had an inclination to philosophy, I did not fall into the hands of any sophist, and that I did not waste my time on writers of histories, or in the resolution of syllogisms, or occupy myself about the investigation of appearances in the heavens; for all these things require the help of the gods and fortune.

感谢诸神，赐我如此优秀的一位兄弟，他能够用自己的德行唤起我的自律，同时又用他的尊重和友情感动我；感谢诸神，我的孩子聪明伶俐，健康活泼；我没有沉迷于修辞、诗歌和其它这类学习，如果我以前发现自己学习这些东西时有所进步，那我可能会全身心投入其中；我毫不迟疑地把荣誉颁给那些抚育我成长的人，他们希望得到这一荣誉，但有人希望我过些时候再这么做，因为他们还年轻，我拒绝了；我还认识了阿波罗尼乌斯、汝斯堤古和马克西米鲁斯。清晰的印象经常出现在我心中，告诉我顺生自然，告诉我那是一种什么样的人生，因此，只要依靠诸神及其赐福，其保佑，其启示，就没有什么能阻止我顺生自然，尽管由于我自身的不足和没有注意诸神的警告（或者差不多可以说是诸神的直接指令），我还不能完全做到；我的身体已经维持了很长一段时间这种生活；我永远不会接触本尼迪克特或狄奥多士，我曾经陷入恋爱的激情，但现在已经摆脱；当我和汝斯堤古在一起时常常发脾气，但我从来没有做过一件让人后悔的事；尽管命中注定我母亲要夭亡，但她生命中的最后一年是和我一起度过的；每当我希望为人排忧解难或做其它事的时候，我从未告诉别人我爱莫能助；对我自己而言我从未陷于一筹莫展之地，需要别人的帮助；我有一位如此贤惠的妻子，温顺、挚爱、单纯；我的孩子有足够的好老师；神通过梦和其他方式向我指明了药物，用来治疗咳血、眼花等等疾病；当我迷上哲学时，没有被任何一个智者所迷惑，我没有浪费时间去撰写历史，思考三段论，或研究天象；因为所有这些需要得到神和命运的帮助。

The study shows that the advantageous sandstones in the area have the following distribution characteristics: in the environment of growth faults, sandstones are mainly distributed in the downthrown block of a boundary fault; in a lowstand systems tract, sandstones are mainly distributed in lowstand wedges, slope fans, basin-floor fans, fan deltas, deltas and submarine canyons; in a transgressive systems tract, sandstones are mainly distributed in sandbars and sand-beaches; and in a highstand systems tract, sandstones are mainly distributed in deltas, fan deltas and submarine fans.

并指出有利砂体的分布特征：低水位体系域，砂体主要分布在低水位楔、斜坡扇和盆底扇；高水位体系域，主要分布在三角洲、扇三角洲、海底扇和峡谷水道。研究表明，以层序地层学理论为指导，划分层序和体系域，进而对有利砂体进行预测，对该地区油气勘探有重要指导意义。

In Songliao basin, the stronge tectonic inversion occurred in the Late Mingshui Formation, and during the declining of compressive force from the SSE to the NNW, the reactivation of basement faults formed positive inversion faults; released from thermal fluid diapirs, CO2 was migrated upward and then accumulated in inversion structural belts; as the development of fault-style inversion tectonics in the southern part is better than the northern part, and the western is better than the eastern part, CO2 is richer in the south than in the north, richer in the west than in the east in Songliao basin.

松辽盆地强烈的构造反转发生在明水组末期，挤压应力自南南东向北北西方向衰减的过程中，基底断裂复活形成正反转断层，CO2气从热流底辟体中脱出上运而聚集在反转构造带上，断层式反转构造南部比北部发育，西部比东部发育，因此松辽盆地南部比北部、西部比东部CO2气更富集。

Mala fides and fault,this essay holds that Bona fides and No fault are consistent in essence with a few fine distinction; Aolus and culpa lata can form Mala fides, but culpa levis and culpa levissima can,t.

在对善意与无过错、恶意和过错的比较分析的基础上，本文认为善意和无过错本质是一致的，但存在细微差别：故意和重大过失可以构成恶意，轻过失和轻微过失不构成恶意，其中也试图对过失进一步区分并提出区分标准。

In this paper, some improvements have been made on the traditional gradient interpretation methods for the two-dimensional fault gravity anomalies:① The least squares fitting technique is adopted to figure out the dip angleαof the step;② The dip angle and the horizontal boundary of the step are directly used to calculate the burial depth of the step;③ the interpretation method for gravity two-dimensional gradient is extended to the interpretation of the complex fault model.

摘要对以往的二维断裂重力异常的梯度解释方法作了几点改进：①采用最小二乘拟合方法求取台阶倾角α；②直接利用台阶倾角与台阶的水平边界位置来计算台阶的埋深；③将重力二维梯度解释方法推广到复杂断裂模型的解释。

They correspond respectively to two phases of extensional activities in Late Cretaceous and Eogene as well as development of the Qianshan fault-controlled basin to the east of the Tan-Lu fault zone.

这两次快速冷却事件分别对应于断裂带晚白垩世、古近纪两次伸展活动，并控制发育了断裂带东侧的潜山断陷盆地。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。