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Because the techniques of the biochemical waste treatment are very important, the techniques of the cultivation of the microorganism have received more attention in recent years. A study is conducted to analyze the steady states and dynamic bechavior of the reactions of the cell-substrate and the prey-predator interaction in two chemostats in series. For the reaction of cell-substrate in two chemostats in series, if the specific growth rate of the Monod model is used for the cell , there are three types of steady states for this reaction system. These three types of steady states and stability are analyzed in detail. The dynamic behavior of this reaction system is analyzed by the numerical method and computer graphs. The results show that the dynamic behavior of this system consists of stable steady states.

由於生物废弃物的处理技术相当重要，故最近几年来微生物的混合培养技术深受大家的重视，本研究实施菌类－基质(Cell-Substrate)和被捕食者－捕食者(Prey-Predator)相互作用之生化反应在两个生化反应槽串联之稳定状态和动态分析，对於菌类－基质之生化反应，若以Monod模式来表示菌类之比生长速率，则此两个生化反应槽串联之反应系统共有三种型态之稳定状态，本研究对此三种型态之稳定状态和稳定度作深入的分析，对於此反应系统之动态行为，则由电脑运用数值分析的方法及电脑绘图进行分析工作，动态分析的结果显示此生化反应系统之动态行为，以稳定之稳态为主。

On the basis of the metioned above, in the mass, the thesis amalyzes the ecological problems that Wuzhong has and the reasons that result then in , ecological construction acheivments and it"s consumable affecs ;then in detail and using the way combined fix quatity with quality , analyzes the condition, degree, mechanism, processof ecological caustic of various regions and kinds of ecological systems in Wuzzhong, juging the feasibility of restore and reconstruction of them. The paper indicates, as a whole ,the degree of eological caustic of the region is relative severity, but the diffefences between the plain region and the mountains region are very obvious, and all of them can be retored and rconstructed, wich has been proved by theory and practices. According to the conclutions and combining them with the mature theory ecological fumction dividings and the condition of Wuzhong"s mature and society , the study divides the region into seven ecological functional areas. On basis of the ecological construction strategic targets presented by the governments of the country and Ningxia,Wuzhong and the caustic condions of different ecological system in defferent areas, the author design the models of ecological restoration and reconstruction for the different ecological areas and how to use them.

在此基础上，从宏观上分析了吴忠目前存在的主要生态问题和形成原因、生态建设成就与成果自耗因素，接着着重从微观上对吴忠各地的生态致损情况、各类生态系统的受损度、受损机理和过程、生态恢复与重建的可行性进行定量和定性分析判断，指出从整体上看该区域生态受损比较严重，但存在着明显的山川二元结构，其恢复与重建在理论和实践上均证明是可行的，并据此结合已成熟的区域生态功能区区划理论，以吴忠的自然、社会条件和其它有关区划结果等为依据，对吴忠整体进行了生态功能区区划，然后根据国家、宁夏与吴忠三级政府出台的各级别生态建设战略目标、任务，按照有关生态恢复学等有关理论，详细地对七大生态功能区中各受损生态系统的恢复与重建模式进行研究，提出了不同的生物与工程模式及实施办法、途径、措施。

In this dissertation the"Penalty"finite element method was employed to compute the velocity of the three-dimensional flow of power-law fluid in a profile die. In order to decrease the needed computer memory and raise the stability of numerical simulation, a set of decoupled methods such as PFEM, pseudo-body force method and transformation of momentum equation to the elliptic equation was developed to establish the general finite element equations to compute the distributions of velocity and viscoelastic stress of the three-dimensional viscoelastic flow of the Phan ThienTanner fluid in a profile die. During numerical simulation of the extrudate swell of the PTT fluid, the flow in the die and out of the die was analyzed separately, which demands less computer memory. The key techniques used in numerical simulation of the three-dimensional extrusion from dies such as decision of boundary conditions, creation of initial velocity field, selection of penalty factor, high Weissenberg number problem , regeneration of the free surface were studied in detail.

中文题名聚合物异型材口模挤出三维流动研究副题名外文题名 Study on three-dimensional flow of polymer melts during the process of profile extrusion from dies 论文作者涂志刚导师柳和生包忠诩教授学科专业材料加工工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位南昌大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数148页关键词挤出成型聚合物材料挤出口模聚合物异型材馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TQ320 /9 本文建立了求解挤出口模内幂律流体流动速度场的通用三维罚有限元模型；对于非线性粘弹性的Phan Thien-Tanner流体，为了降低模拟计算对计算机硬件的要求，并使模拟计算更加稳定，采用了一种去耦算法，包括罚有限元方法、拟体力方法和动量方程的椭圆类方程转化方法，并建立了求解速度场和粘弹性应力场的总体有限元方程；对于PTT流体的挤出胀大问题，提出了挤出胀大熔体口模内外分离模拟法，这样可以显著降低数值模拟对计算机硬件的要求。

Through analysis, the thesis thinks that the economical nature of environment goods cannot be generalized by public goods or private goods, its nature has been changing between the two extremes. The environment goods is on one hand reflected in some legal arrangement in international environment statute, where the focus is the whole humankind, for example,"common heritage"; on the other hand, it is also reflected in the rules that protecting private rights in civil legal system, where the focus is the individual, for example,"the right of environment personality ". The essential part of environment justice is the social distribution of environment benefits and burdens, so the thesis centers on the social peculiarities of environment goods as social burdens and as social benefits. In detail, environment benefits are related both to property and to personality, and they are also un-produced, non-substitutive and prima goods as living resources; environment burdens are composed of LULUs and many uncertain and irreversible environment risks.

通过分析，本文认为环境物品的经济性质不能单纯地用公共物品或私人物品进行概括，其性质在此两极之间会发生变动；而法律构造中的环境物品一方面体现在国际环境法中的主要以&类&为主体的各种制度安排中，例如&人类共同遗产&，另一方面则体现在民法体系中以&个人&为主体的各种私权保护的规则中，如环境人格权等；接下来，鉴于环境正义的核心是环境利益与负担的社会分配，所以本文重点探讨了作为一种利益和作为一种负担存在的环境物品的各种独特的社会属性，具体而言，环境利益具有财产属性、人格属性、非制造性、不可替代性以及作为生存资源的前提性；而环境负担则具体包括&不可欲的局域性土地利用方式&和具有科学不确定性和不可逆性的环境风险。

The purpose of this paper is two-fold: first, to examine in detail the distribution of the verb ciah^8 in this Taiwanese Southern Min dialect, in order to understand how polysemies materialize in actual language use through the operation of metonymies and metaphors, and second, to make a thorough investigation of the issues relating to the diachronic changes, developmental patterns, and the idiomatic usage of the word in question.

另一方面也针对「食」字语义的历时变化、发展模式、非典型受事宾语及惯用用法等相关议题做一个全面性的探讨，希望透过实例的研究了解到人类对客观世界进行范畴化与概念化的一些语言认知手段，另一方面也同时替词汇多义性的发展途径找到可能的合理解释。

In this paper, as a typical lewis acid, anhydrous aluminum (AlCl_3) was used as the catalyst to get PP/PS blends compatibilized by in-situ Fridel-Crafts alkylation. The effects on PP and PS components of AlCl_3 were investigated first, mainly by rheology, including steady rheology method and dynamic rheology method. Then the in-situ reactions in PP/PS alloys under different conditions were executed and studied in detail by selective Soxhlet solvent extraction. And at the same time, the evolutions of phase structures of PP/PS and the resulted PP/PS/AlCl_3 alloys were investigated by SEM and SALS. The steady and dynamic rheological behaviors of in-situ compatibilized PP/PS alloys were obtained systematically.

本文选用典型路易斯酸无水氯化铝(AlCl_3)作为催化剂，利用烷基化反应机理，对PP/PS合金直接进行原位催化反应增容，以流变学方法(包括静态流变和动态流变学方法)为主，详细探讨无水AlCl_3对PP/PS合金体系中PP和PS两组分的影响，并在此基础上进一步系统研究无水AlCl_3原位催化增容PP/PS合金的相结构演变及增容反应特征，然后对不同原位催化增容条件下获得增容合金材料的流变行为特征作了深入探讨。

This paper attempts to study those typical texts in detail,on the basis of the in-depth analysis of the narrative art and techniques of the 1940's narrative poems,mainly from four aspects:the lyric narration,imagery narration, dramatic narration,"moledicized" narration,so as to explore and appraise their historical contribution,values,functions and limitations in the modem poem history.In the narrative poems in the 1940s,the technique of"lyric narration" is embodied mainly in the high degree of artistic integration of "felling" and "polt".The lyricism is fully embodied in both structure and language,and generally through two ways:the lyricism of the dramatis personae and the lyricism of relaters or poet himselfThe narrative poets in 1940s have further developed the "mood" type of narrative poems(a kind of structure model of the modem narrative poem)which was created by predecessors.

本文试图在对有代表性的文本进行细致研读的基础上，对40年代叙事长诗的叙事艺术与策略进行深入剖析，主要从抒情化叙事、意象化叙事、戏剧化叙事、谣曲化叙事四个层面展开，以发掘、评判其在现代诗歌史上的历史贡献、价值、功能及局限等。40年代叙事长诗中的&抒情化叙事&策略主要体现于&情&与&事&的高度艺术融合，抒情形态表现在抒情结构与抒情语言方面；其抒情策略大体有两种方式：一是诗中人物的自我抒情，一是诗人自己或叙述人的抒情。40年代叙事诗人进一步发展了前人创造的&情绪型&叙事诗这种现代叙事诗的结构模式。

The main work of this paper: Firstly, Basing on the summarization and analysis of the walking mechanism, Parallel drive five-bar mechanism is applied for walking mechanism. And then the characteristic of the trail and positive kinematics as well as reverse kinematics are discussed. Secondly, the model of walking mechanism is established according to Parallel drive five-bar mechanism, and then a figure planning is designed for the foot-end trail. The characteristics of the parallel drive are emphasized to research in this paragraph by the method of insert value. At last, the simulation is performed in the ADAMS to compare the real result to the theoretical value. Thirdly, a sealed structure of a Quadruped Walking Robot is designed and established. The whole control system, including motor, sensor and control circuit, is sealed in the robot. Walking is derived in the way of the shaft driving and the dynamic torque sensor is used to the surrounding conditions of the robot's foot-end to be the foundation of the robot's control. At last, the applying principle of the dynamic torque sensor is researched in detail basing on the traditional sensor of the walking robot. Moreover, the principle is divided into several sorts to discuss. Finally, simulation and verification of the monitor principle are come through in the Mechanism of the Pro/Engineer.

论文的主要工作有：在对传统步行机构总结分析的基础上，提出将平面并联五杆机构应用于四足步行机器人的腿部结构，并对其轨迹特性、正运动学、逆运动学特性做了详细计算分析；依据平面并联五杆机构的模型，建立机器人步行机构的实体模型，对其足端的轨迹做了图谱规划，并利用插值法对并联驱动端的特性曲线作了研究，并在ADAMS中进行仿真，将结果与理论值相比较；然后设计了一套四足步行机器人密封装配结构设计方案，建立四足步行机器人单足结构、驱动以及传感器监测的三维实体模型，将机器人的整个控制系统，密封装配在步行机器人的机体中，通过轴传动来驱动步行机构实现步行，采用动态扭矩传感器监测步行机构的驱动关节受到的扭矩变化，从而获得四足步行机器人足端的周围情况，为步行机器人的控制方案奠定了基础；论文的最后在分析步行机器人传统控制传感器的基础上，详细分析了动态扭矩传感器的监测原理，并分几种情况分别分析了其监测原理，并在Pro/E的Mechanism模块中实现了监测原理的仿真与验证，最后给出了传感器监测信息与系统判断之间的关系。

In order to describe in detail the structure of mesoscale atmosphere circulation and its evolution, symmetry theory are extensively used in the past fifty years. A large number of wind tunnel and water tank experiments are practiced to reshow the physical process that often appear in the atmosphere and, to some extent, successfully explain many atmsophere circulation characters in surface layer. But because of the planetary reflection and small Re number deformation, these physical experiments can' t represent real conditions of the atmosphere, they also can' t distinct viscous boundary layer separation and non-viscous dynamical separation as well as show the circulation response to surface diurnal heating.

为了详细描述复杂地形区域大气中尺度环流的结构和特征，过去50年来人们广泛采用相似理论，利用风洞和水槽实验再现大气中的物理过程，并在一定程度上成功地给出了大气近地层的一些环流特征，然而由于边界层反射和小Re数形变作用的影响，物理实验的结果并不能真实地再现大气中的实际状况，尤其是不能正确区别边界粘性分离流场和大气非粘性动力分离气流，环流场对地形下垫面日周期热强迫的响应过程也难以再现。

The thesis analyzes from various aspects the modernist loneliness embodied in her work, including first the definition of modernist loneliness, stating the difference of modernist loneliness from the traditional loneliness and delineating the connotation, the causes, the solution and the extent of modernist loneliness, which changes dramatically in modern society. Then the thesis analyzes in detail how McCullers'two novels present in their own manners the typical modernist loneliness, with a comparison of the common features in both novels, aiming at reaching a deeper understanding of the similar thematic concern of both novels. Another significant part of the thesis is the deep-going analysis of the reasons for modern loneliness in McCullers'works.

本文从多方面深入分析了她作品中的蕴涵的现代主义孤独，其中包括：定义什么是现代主义的孤独，它与传统概念中的孤独有何区别：包括孤独的内涵，孤独的起因，孤独的解救，及孤独的范围等方面在现代社会中产生的变化；并在此基础上分析了麦卡勒斯的两部代表作品如何具体地表现了现代主义孤独感，并对两部作品中对孤独的表现方式进行了深入归纳分析，试图以这两个文本为案例，剖析麦卡勒斯作品中的现代主义主题，进而探讨现代主义的孤独产生的原因和背景，揭示现代主义的孤独与传统孤独之间的差异。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。