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Under conventional N fertilization and irrigation condition, N2O emissions during 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 in winter wheat and summer maize rotation system were 1959 g N hm-2 and 1250 g N hm'2, respectively; and 68%-86% of N2O emission occurred in summer maize growth season, the emissions mainly occurred in 2 weeks after N fertilization and irrigation. The highest flux rates were 5.06 mg m-2 d-1 and 5.60 mg m-2 d-1 in the rotation period of 2001-2002 and 2002-2003, which were happened at the ten-extended leaf stage in summer maize season when top-dressing N fertilizer was applied.

在冬小麦／夏玉米轮作体系农民传统的水肥管理处理中，2001-2002和2002-2003两个轮作周期内测得的N_2O的排放量分别为1959 gN hm~(-2)和1250 gN hm~(-2)，N_2O的排放主要集中在每次施肥和灌水之后的两周内，其中夏玉米十展叶期追肥后两周内N_2O的排放速率最高，2002年和2003年分别达到5.06 mg m~(-2)d~(-1)和5.60 mg m~(-2)d~(-1)。

After I had solac'd my Mind with the comfortable Part of my Condition, I began to look round me to see what kind of Place I was in, and what was next to be done, and I soon found my Comforts abate, and that in a word I had a dreadful Deliverance: For I was wet, had no Clothes to shift me, nor any thing either to eat or drink to comfort me, neither did I see any Prospect before me, but that of perishing with Hunger, or being devour'd by wild Beasts; and that which was particularly afflicting to me, was, that I had no Weapon either to hunt and kill any Creature for my Sustenance, or to defend my self against any other Creature that might desire to kill me for theirs: In a Word, I had nothing about me but a Knife, a Tobacco-pipe, and a little Tobacco in a Box, this was all my Provision, and this threw me into terrible Agonies of Mind, that for a while I run about like a Mad-man; Night coming upon me, I began with a heavy Heart to consider what would be my Lot if there were any ravenous Beasts in that Country, seeing at Night they always come abroad for their Prey.

我自我安慰了一番，庆幸自己死而复生。然后，我开始环顾四周，看看到底我到了什么地方，想想下一步该怎么办。但不看则已，这一看使我的情绪立即低落下来。我虽获救，却又陷入了另一种绝境。我浑身湿透，却没有衣服可更换；我又饥又渴，却没有任何东西可充饥解渴。我看不到有任何出路，除了饿死，就是给野兽吃掉。我身上除了一把小刀、一个烟斗和一小匣烟叶，别无他物。这使我忧心如焚，有好一阵子，我在岸上狂乱地跑来跑去，像疯子一样。夜色降临，我想到野兽多半在夜间出来觅食，更是愁思满腔。我想，若这儿真有猛兽出没，我的命运将会如何呢？

After I had solac'd my Mind with the comfortable Part of my Condition, I began to look round me to see what kind of Place I was in, and what was next to be done, and I soon found my Comforts abate, and that in a word I had a dreadful Deliverance: For I was wet, had no Clothes to shift me, nor any thing either to eat or drink to comfort me, neither did I see any Prospect before me, but that of perishing with Hunger, or being devour'd by wild Beasts; and that which was particularly afflicting to me, was, that I had no Weapon either to hunt and kill any Creature for my Sustenance, or to defend my self against any other Creature that might desire to kill me for theirs: In a Word, I had nothing about me but a Knife, a Tobacco-pipe, and a little Tobacco in a Box, this was all my Provision, and this threw me into terrible Agonies of Mind, that for a while I run about like a Mad-man; Night coming upon me, I began with a heavy Heart to consider what would be my Lot if there were any ravenous Beasts in that Country, seeing at Night they always come abroad for their Prey.

但不看则已，这一看使我的情绪立即低落下来。我虽获救，却又陷入了另一种绝境。我浑身湿透，却没有衣服可更换；我又饥又渴，却没有任何东西可充饥解渴。我看不到有任何出路，除了饿死，就是给野兽吃掉。我身上除了一把小刀、一个烟斗和一小匣烟叶，别无他物。这使我忧心如焚，有好一阵子，我在岸上狂乱地跑来跑去，像疯子一样。夜色降临，我想到野兽多半在夜间出来觅食，更是愁思满腔。我想，若这儿真有猛兽出没，我的命运将会如何呢？

In this article, the primary discussion on self-admissions connotation and nature is in the first part, the constitution is in the second part and the consequence is in the next part. The fourth part is basic analyses on the condition and circumstances of the self-admission in our country. In the last part, the author gives some concrete ideas to improve this legal system in our country.

本文第一部分主要论及自认的含义及性质，第二部分主要讨论自认的构成要件，第三部分说明的是自认的法律效果及其例外，第四部分分析了自认制度在我国的规则现状及运行环境，最后在第五部分笔者提出了完善我国自认制度的几点具体构想。

In the perils of the sea, may need to call for other party to salvage the ship in the perils, on some occasions the other party may salvage the ship initiatively. There may be disputes that concern the payment of Salvage Charges after the rescue action. If the ship in the peril has cargo on it, there may be some disputes on the General Average and others issues related. Furthermore, in the accident, the captain or the crew may salvage the ship by themselves, in this condition the Sue and Labour will occur.

在海难事故中，可能需要请求他方对遇难船舶进行救助或者他方主动对遇难船舶进行救助，这就会产生救助报酬的支付问题；如果发生海难事故当时船上还载运了货物，还会涉及到共同海损的相关问题；此外，在遭遇海难事故时，船东或者船上船员还可以采取自救措施对船舶进行救援，这就会涉及到对船舶的施救的问题。

In the process of building and using the mass concrete structures, because of the effect of out-side condition and themselves, some faults will form in the structure, these faults will effect the bearing capability and endurance Using nondestructive testing method to test the concrete"s quality and diagnose its healthy, which has the significant sense in assessing the safety stability and research of the administering diseasesThis dissertation mostly researched the testing methods in the mass concrete structure, discussed the principles, methods, features, sphere of application of the ultrasonic testing in the mass concrete structure with faults, used dynamic FEM to simulate the testing process, discussed when the concrete structure with cracks is under the effect of the pulse, how the elastic waves propagate and what are their changing feature, Researched the principles of the first-arriving waves" phase when the cracks" depths are not same, obtained the relation between the inversion point and the cracks" depth, which has the direction sense in the application of projects,The second part of this dissertation is CT , which used the ultrasonic wave running through the tested-substance to get arriving-time of the ultrasonic wave, then inverse the image This dissertation drawed one CT program which can well present the different little cells ultrasonic wave velocity profiles of the substance, thereby to diagnose the quality of the part of the tested-substance, CT has the better using foreground..

在混凝土结构的施工及使用过程中，由于受其自身及外界各种因素的影响，常常会产生一些缺陷，对结构物的承载能力和耐久性造成严重影响，采用无损检测技术进行质量检测和健康诊断，这对混凝土结构开展安全、稳定性评估以及病害隐患治理研究具有重要意义。本论文主要针对大体积混凝土结构缺陷的检测方法展开研究工作，重点讨论了超声波法检测混凝土结构裂缝的基本原理和方法及其特点、适用范围，运用动力有限元数值模拟其检测过程，探讨了有裂缝缺陷的混凝土结构在脉冲荷载作用下弹性波的传播及其变化特征，研究了不同裂缝深度下首波相位变化规律，得出了反转临界点与裂缝深度之间的关系，这对实际工程应用具有指导意义。声波CT是一种新的无损检测技术，它是利用声波穿透被检测体获取声波接收时间，来进行计算机反演成像的技术。本文利用直射线法编制了层析成像程序，能较好地呈现被检测物体各微小单元的声波速度分布图像，从而对检测体的质量状况作出诊断评估，具有较好的应用发展前景。

This text aims at the difference of several representative geology conditions in Yang Shui mining area, carried on the primary election to the mining method of Yang Shui mining area, introduced the new theories of numerical optimization choice of mining method that are fuzzy mathematics and artificial neural network etc, based on the existing mining methods that are feasible, adopt the fuzzy optimization choice principle of flexible neural networks, and synthesize several experts and fieldworkers' opinion, built up the related mathematical model and revised model, carried on processing of programming through computer, thus established each optimization mining project under several representative geology conditions in Yang Shui mining area, and carried on optimizing to the existent unreasonable parameter in mining project;have the great significance to aim at each kind of geology condition for each mining area to adjust the mining method in time in the course of mining, abandon chronically unreasonable mining method, full reclaim the mine's resource, lower the dilution rate、 loss rate of mineral mining, raise the production capacity of stope and economic benefit of mine.

本文针对洋水矿区几种典型地质条件差异，对洋水矿区采矿方法进行了初选，介绍了模糊数学和人工神经网络等采矿方法数值优选新理论，在现有可行性采矿方法的基础上，采用弹性神经网络模糊优选原理，并综合多位专家及现场工作者的意见，建立了相关的数学模型及修正模型，通过计算机进行编程处理，从而确立了洋水矿区几种典型地质条件下各自的最优采矿方案，并针对采矿方案中存在的不合理参数进行了优化，为各矿区针对各类地质条件在采矿过程中及时调整采矿方法，摈弃习惯性的不合理采矿方法，充分回收矿山资源、降低矿石开采的贫化率、损失率，提高采场生产能力以及矿山经济效益具有重大意义。

The results showed that the species richness,the speciesdiversity and its biomass of understorey vegetation decreased with the stand age in-creasing.There was the most significant negative-linear relationship between thiskind of changes and age.It is possible that the certain shading condition may benefit to understorey growing better.The richness,diversity index and biomass of thevegetation in eucalypt plantation decreased with CPR increasing,however,after ro-tating by watermelon one rotation,the richness,the diversity index and biomass ofunderstorey in CP stand increased,this result will provide the possibility of therestoration and reestablishment of vegetation in eucalypt plantations.The nutrientstorage of understorey decreased in accord with the productivity decreased withCPR increasing,this is the result which the stand enviroment became worse and thestand stratum competed with the vegetation for the water and fertility of soil.

结果表明，随着年龄的增长，桉树林下植被物种丰富度降低，多样性减少，生物量下降，这种变化趋势与年龄存在极显著的负线性关系；随着造林密度的增加物种丰富度降低，多样性也下降，但林下植被生物量尚有增加，可能是一定程度的庇荫有利于桉树林下植被的生长；随连栽代次的增加，桉树林下植被丰富度降低，多样性指数下降，生物量减少；但在轮作一茬西瓜后的林地，物种丰富度提高，多样性指数升高，生物量增加，为桉树林下植被的恢复与重建提供了可能性；随连栽代次增加，林下植被养分总量逐代下降，与生产力下降一致，这是林分环境恶化后上层乔木和林下植被对水肥竞争的结果。

Ross Sea region is the crucial region where its proceeding sea ice variations in September show significant relation with the following June rainfall in Northeast China. If the sea ice of this crucial region in September is in heavy ice condition, the precipitation in Northeast China in the next June tends to be deficit. Weddell Sea region is the key region for summer temperature in Northeast China.

Ross海区是影响我国夏季东北地区降水的海冰关键区，若该区上一年9月海冰偏多，则来年6月我国东北降水偏少；Weddell海区是影响我国夏季东北温度的海冰关键区，若该区上一年9月海冰偏多，则来年6月我国东北温度偏低。

China is situated in East China, where the geographical condition is relatively isolated and restricted: large desert and prairie in the north, the Gobi Desert and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in the west, mountainous area of Yunnan and Kweichow provinces, and boundless rainforest in the southwest, plain and hilly land in the east and southeast facing to the ocean.

中国位于东亚大陆，处于一个相对隔绝封闭的地理环境中：北部是辽阔的大漠与草原，西部是浩瀚的戈壁沙漠和青藏高原，西南部是云贵山地和莽莽雨林，东部和东南部的平原与丘陵地带则面向大洋。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。