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PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

"There's a big difference between speaking it in class and having conversations with other people learning and then being able to spend a lot of time in a country where I have the ability to practice that conversationally, so it's not the same as being in Europe where you could pop across to France or you've got that inter-action or in some of the Asian regions where there is such a difference in dialect."

"在班里说外语，跟那些一起学习的同学说与花很多时间在一个能以交流的形式说外语的国家之间有很大的差别。所以和欧洲不同，在那里你能很快到法国，或者有法国来的人，在亚洲地区也是如此，那里也说着不同的语言。"

"There is a big difference between speaking in class and having conversation with other people learning then spend a lot of time in a country where I have ability to practice that conversationally, so it's not the same as being in Europe where you could France or you've got that ( inter-action ) or in some of the Asian regions where there is such a difference in."

"与人交流跟在课堂发言有着很大的区别，学习一门外语，然而在该国能够呆在一段时间，并在那儿有了实践对话的能力。但在欧洲却不同，你可以前往法国，通过互相交流的方式学习，或者在亚洲某些语系不同的地区学习。"

"There's a big difference between speaking it in class and having conversations with other people learning and then when I spend a lot of time in a country where I have the ability to practice that conversationally, so it's not the same as being in Europe where you could pop across to France or you've got that international (inter-action) or in some of the Asian regions where there is such a difference in dialect."

"在课堂上说外语和与他人用英语交流有很大不同。然后我就有能力花很多时间在可以练习对话的国家学习，在可以随意去法国的欧洲，或在有众多不同方言的亚洲人集中的地域都是不一样的。"

In chapter three, we prove that there exist solutions to the Ky Fan variation inequality, as the set-valued mappings are defined on spheres in infinite dimensional Banach spaces or odd dimensional Euclidean spaces, following from these theorems, we obtain some fixed point theorems for set-valued mappings defined on a sphere. When G is an approximate compact convex subset of E, or G is a almost quasi-convex set-valued mapping, we prove that there exist solutions to and type generalized Ky Fan variation inequality, following these theorems, we prove several best approximation theorems and coincidence theorems involving two set-valued mappings and two different spaces. In chapter four, we first present a new Simplicial algorithm for computing the Leray - Schauder fixed points, the algorithm can solve the set-valued nonlinear complementarily problem. We give a condition to guarantee the computation proceeding in a bounded region. We present integer-labeling algorithms for computing fixed points of some set-valued mappings, the best approximation points and solutions to a kind of set-valued variation inequalities.

第四章给出了计算定义在非凸集上的非自映射的Leray-Schauder不动点的算法，而现有的不动点算法都是计算凸集的上半连续集值自映射的不动点；给出了保证计算有界的一个充分条件，我们的条件大大弱于Mdrrill条件，我们的算法也可用来计算Eaves不动点；给出了集值非线性互补问题存在解的一个充分条件，此时可利用Leray-Schauder不动点算法来求解；向量标号算法以往是计算集值映射不动点的唯一有效算法，我们给出用整数标号算法计算一类集值映射的Kakutani 不动点的算法；定义在紧凸集上的连续映射不一定有不动点，但一定有最近点，最近点是不动点概念的推广，我们给出了计算最近点的算法；集值映射变分不等式尚无有效的求解算法，我们给出求解一类集值映射变分不等式的算法。

In a method for retrieving sequences having a minimum PAPR in an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) system, by using characteristics in which all sequences of the OFDM system are classified into cosets having the same PAPR, PAPRs of sequences in which early two elements are fixed as '0' are calculated. A sequence having a minimum PAPR is selected from among the calculated PAPRs, and sequences allocated to the coset in which the selected sequence is included are retrieved as sequences having the minimum PAPR.

在一种用于在OFDM通信系统中恢复具有最低PAPR的序列的方法中，通过利用在其中将OFDM系统的所有序列分成具有相同PAPR的同余类序列的特性，计算两个开始项被固定为"0"的序列的PAPR，在所计算的PAPR中选择具有最小PAPR的序列，并且恢复分配至在其中包含所选同余类序列的序列作为具有最小PAPR的序列。

In the simulation, the flow rule of melt metal in mold of horizontal continuous casting with electromagnetic stirring is measured using ultrasonic Doppler velometer, and the result is inter confirmed with the solidification characteristics is tics of zinc cupronickel thin slab in industrial product, some advantageous results are obtained that, when the current is 400 A the inner micro-pores disappear, when the current is 500 A the center equiaxed crystal layers occur and when the current is to 800 A the inner-segregation decreases to zero.

在模拟实验中，用超声波多普勒测速仪测量该电磁搅拌下水平连铸结晶器内金属液的流动规律，并与生产实验中锌白铜板带的凝固特征相互印证，发现搅拌电流达到400 A时，板带内部气孔消失，电流达到500 A时板带出现等轴晶带，电流达到800 A时板带坯偏析率趋于零。

A new chapter in a novel is something like a new scene in a play; and when I draw up the curtain this time, reader - you must fancy you see a room in the George Inn at Millcote, with such large-figured papering on the walls as inn rooms have; such a carpet, such furniture, such ornaments on the mantelpiece, such prints - including a portrait of George the Third and another of the Prince of Wales, and a representation of the death of Wolfe.

一部小说中新的一章，有些像一出戏中的新的一场。这回我拉开幕布的时候，读者，你一定会想象，你看到的是米尔科特乔治旅店中的一个房间。这里同其他旅店的陈设相同，一样的大图案墙纸，一样的地毯，一样的家具，一样的壁炉摆设，一样的图片，其中一幅是乔治三世的肖像，另一幅是威尔士亲王的肖像还有一幅画的是沃尔夫之死。

This route overcomes the shortcoming on environmental pollution and poison in the cyanide process, which is widely applied in our country. This route isnt known in our country. It is a new environmental pollution process, and is in according with the progress of industrial policy. In the second step, the methyl isobutyl ketone which introduced in the patent is replaced by the material A, and the marketable foreground of the byproduct is considered. It is an innovated process, which can supply a gap in our county.

文中探讨的工艺路线克服了国内所广泛采用的氰化法路线所带来的环境污染和人体危害问题，目前国内尚未有报道，是一条新型的环保路线，符合国家产业政策的发展方向，而且在第二步3-氨基丙醇的合成中，用原料A取代专利中介绍的甲基异了酮，在获得产物的同时又兼顾了副产物的市场潜力，工艺上具有创新性，可填补国内该工艺路线的空白。

In linan's work , there is a world that drowned by sunlight in day time, after sunset, there is a dancer in darkness , dancing in a more beautiful world than day, just like a fairytale world ,a piece oflyric in his work, dancer also the declaimer.

李楠的作品中呈现了在白天被光线所略去的事物，到了夜间却如童话故事里的精灵般在现实世界中舞蹈，在一个比白天更加美丽的世界里，摄影作品中缓缓流淌出一首抒情诗，舞者也是朗诵者。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。