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During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

To practice in a sitting position, assume what is called the "coachman's position".

采用坐姿进行训练，假设这是一种被称作"教练员的状态"。

The position to the left of the radix point, called a decimal point only in the decimal system, is always the units position in any number system.

在十进制中称为十进制小数点，点，在十进制中称为十进制小数点，其左边的位在任何数制中都是个位。

The position of the ram in relation to the position of the map revealer is important, you'll see why in a minute.

在那冲撞车的地方和那领航员的地方距离是非常重要的，你会看到为什么要差一点距离。

Triplex the firm released announcement to say on April 19, 16 days, the 6th board of directors of company the 23rd conference " agree with 6 ticket, 0 ticket objects, 0 ticket unpolled votes result, agree with appoint to a position Mr Changcheng to be company general manager, in the meantime, mr Yu Jihua holds the position of company general manager no longer "; Leave his post at the same time still have triplex Sun Mei of chief inspector of firm former finance affairs, this post You Rongduo replace.

三联商社4月19日发布公告称，16日，公司第六届董事会第二十三次会议"以6票同意、0票反对、0票弃权的表决结果，同意聘任常城先生为公司总经理，同时，于其华先生不再担任公司总经理"；同时离职的还有三联商社原财务总监孙梅，该职务将由容铎接任。

The parameter of beam positions at HLS 200 MeV LINAC is very important to injection efficiency.A new strip-line beam position monitor system was designed recently,which is not interceptive to beam,qualified in precision and easy to digitalize the results.

合肥光源(Hefei Light Source，HLS)200 MeV直线加速器的束流横向位置是一个重要的运行参数，直接决定注入的效率，为此新开发了一种非拦截型、高精度、易于将测量结果数字化的条带电极束流位置测量系统(beam position monitor， BPM)，该系统由条带电极和信号处理系统组成。

All cases were given debridement, and changed the pattern of fracture fixation or adjusting the position of outer fixation device. Then the VAC was applied in a region- and layer-wise manner in the intermuscular space, interjoint space and the interfracture space., The sequential and time of tube withdrawal was decided by tube position and drainage pattern. with drainage changes every 5~7 days according to the drainage state. The drainage were applied 1~4 times per case, averaging out at 2.2 times.

所有病例均先行清创，更换骨折固定类型或调整外固定架固定位置，在感染的肌肉间隙、关节间隙、骨折间隙等分区应用、分层应用VAC，并根据置管部位和引流情况决定拔管次序和时间， 5～7天根据引流情况进行更换引流装置，应用次数为1～4次/例，平均2.2次/例。

The dual recliner assembly includes spaced apart outboard and inboard recliners each movable between a locked position to hold the seat back in one of the plurality of reclined positions and an unlocked position to allow pivotal movement of the seat back relative to the seat cushion between the plurality of reclined positions.

这种双斜调组件包括外侧与内侧斜调机构，而每个斜调机构可在一个锁定位置和一个解锁位置之间移动，前者可将坐椅靠背保持在多个斜躺位置之一处，后者将坐椅靠背相对于坐垫在多个斜躺位置之间进行枢转运动。

A position in fo reign trade department, with oppo rtunities for advancement to management position in the department.

外贸部门的职位，有机会晋升到该部门的经理职务。

A spring at its base allows the antenna to be placed in a vertical position no matter what the position of the receiver-transmitter.

春季坡底允许天线放置在一个垂直位置，不管是什麼立场的收发。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。