查询词典 implicit costs

The article presents the developing condition of PWM and SVPWM first.Then the theory of SVPWM is discussed in detail.The SVPWM is based on the thought of magnetic chain tracking.It makes the ideal magnetic chain circle of three-phased sysmmetry electric motor supplied by three-phased sysmmetry sine wave voltage for basis,uses the practical magnetic chain vector formed by the different switch modes of three-phased inverter to track the basic magnetic chain circle.During the course of tracking,the inverter changes the switch modes properly to form the PWM waves.Then the modulation wave of SVPWM is analyzed in detail.The modulation wave of SVPWM is implicit,but the analogous modulation wave in A-B-C axis needs to be calculated in order to expose the internal relation of SVPWM and SPWM.That is to show the implicit modulation wave of SVPWM. SVPWM actually is a transformed SPWM ruly sampled by the modulation wave which is injected by the zero prefaces based on space vectors.

本文首先对脉宽调制技术的发展现状进行了综述，在此基础上分析了电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术的发展现状；接着对空间电压矢量脉宽调制技术的基本原理进行了详细的分析和推导，SVPWM是基于磁链追踪的思想，它以三相对称正弦波电压供电下三相对称电动机定子理想磁链圆为基准，由三相逆变器不同开关模式下所形成的实际磁链矢量来追踪基准磁链圆的，在追踪的过程中，逆变器的开关模式作适当的切换，从而形成PWM波；然后详细分析了电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术的调制波，虽然SVPWM法的调制波是隐含的，但是为了揭示SVPWM法与SPWM法的内在联系，需要求出SVPWM在A-B-C坐标系上的等效调制波，也就是将SVPWM的隐含调制波显化；SVPWM实质是一种基于空间矢量在三相正弦波中注入了零序分量的调制波进行规则采样的一种变形SPWM。

The research results suggest that:(1)the factors influence the control of IOR including economic,social and technological factors;(2)the application of interorganizational systems should focus on both technological and non-technological factors;(3)the stronger dependency between organizations, the more effective of the IOS reducing the coordination costs;(4)usually the investment of firms in interorganizational relationship is reciprocal;(5)the appicaton of IT changes the dependency between organizations, which should modify the coordination mechanism, resulting in the change of IOR;(6)the coordination cost affects the effectiveness of coordination among firms;(7) maintaining the interorganizational relationship influences the firms'' network life cycle and matureness;(8)both coordination cost and network size of firms affect sharing mechanisn of the costs and benefits for creating and maintaining interoganizational relationship;(9) the influence of coordination costs to the allocation of super profits deriving from interorganizational relationship is depent on the network topology;(10) the core firm in a network prefer the symmetric network.

我们的研究成果表明：（1）影响管理与控制IOR治理结构的因素有经济因素、社会学因素以及技术因素；（2）在应用组织际信息系统时，要同时关注技术和非技术的影响因素；（3）当组织之间存在较强的依赖关系时，组织际信息系统的应用能够有效减少组织之间的协调成本；当组织之间的依赖关系较弱时，组织际信息系统的应用会加深组织之间被对方侵占的风险，无法显著地减少组织际协调成本；（4）在通常情况下，参与组织际关系的成员的投资是互补的；（5）IT的应用会改变组织间的相互依赖性，组织应调整协调机制，而协调机制的变化会改变IOR；（6）协调成本的大小对协调有效性有着很大影响；（7）组织际关系的维护影响组织网络的生命周期和成熟度；（8）影响组织际关系建立和维护的成本分担和利益共享方案的因素不仅仅跟协调成本有关，而且还与网络规模有关；（9）在对称网络拓扑结构与非对称网络拓扑结构下，协调成本对超额回报分配的影响是不同的；（10）核心企业倾向于选择非对称的网络结构。

Beijing's housing prices are too high, some of the geographic location will be 7000 yuan per square meter or so, imagine if people have bought a 100 square meter house, that is 7,000,000,000 yuan, so if the 8 commercial loans into 15-year mortgages, interest-ray will be paid in vain Bank of more than 10 million, 700,000-wide section of the house really had to own hands has become more than 800,000 million, the property is added the costs, heating costs, parking fees, and so a lot of costs, and continue to listen to the people around said, and so on After a 2008 house prices may fall.

北京现在的房价太高，地理位置好些的每平米就要7000元左右，试想如果买一套100平米房子，就是700000万元，如果做8成商业贷款15年按揭，光利息就要白白交银行10多万，全款700000的房子真正到了自己手里就成了800000多万，还得加上物业费、供暖费、车位费等等一大堆费用，而且不断听周围的人说等过了2008年房价有可能会降。

In accordance with the principle set out in the financial procedures (decision 15/CP.1) that the core budget shall not subsidize activities funded from supplementary sources,{§5} costs of support services, which include per capita costs for information services such as data communication, equipment and software, and secretariat-wide costs for telephone and fax communication, training and common premises, have been budgeted, to the extent possible, to the respective source of funding.

按照财务程序(第15/CP.1号决定)所载的原则，即核心预算不得补贴由补充资源供资的活动，{§5}支助服务等各项费用，其中包括诸如数据传输、设备、软件等信息服务人均费用，以及全秘书处的电话和传真费用、培训和共用场地等费用，在编制预算时，都尽可能地按照相应的资金来源安排。

But as we evaluated energy costs and shipping cost increases, and saw freight costs and raw-material costs increase, it made sense to return some of the production to the U.S. and assemble them here.

但是我们评估能源成本和运输成本增加，看到的运费和原材料成本增加，这是有意义返回一些生产到美国和他们在这里集会。

A cost-plus contract means a construction contract in which the construction price is ascertained on the basis of the costs stipulated in the contract or costs negotiated otherwise, plus a proportion of these costs or a fixed fee.

成本加成合同，是指以合同约定或其他方式议定的成本为基础，加上该成本的一定比例或定额费用确定工程价款的建造合同。

Study of managerial accounting concepts; costs classification; cost-volume-profit analysis; cost ration; standard costs and variance analysis; budgeting; costs analysis for decision making and operation evaluation.

本课程主要研究管理会计的概念，成本分类、费用及利润分析、费用定量、标准成本与方差分析、预算成本与成本统计。

1 Unit prices are specified in the purchase order for every consignment and are understood to be FOB XIAMEN , including the cost of the item, the cost of export packing, the costs of packaging for each item full color imprint in accordance with requirements of Buyer, the costs of the labels with all information about the commodities and barcodes in Russian, lended and confirmed by Buyer in PDF format, marking in accordance with Buyer's requirements, the costs of instructions in Russian, lended and confirmed by Buyer in PDF format,(in case if the presence of theses instractions is forced by Russian legislation in accordance with the technical requests-out to these commodities), loading on board of ship, as wel as dock and port dues, cranage and custom duties, connected with the execution of the present Contract.

每个商品的单价都在销售合同上列明。这些价钱是FOB XIAMEN 价钱，包括了商品的成本，出口包装的成本，根据买方的要求含全色印刷的单个包装的成本，带俄文的产品描述和条形码的标贴的成本（由买方通过PDF格式提供和确认），带俄文指示的成本（根据这些产品的技术要求，如果俄罗斯现行的法律有相关的规定），装船的费用，货到码头所产生的费用，报关的费用，以及执行本合同所产生的其他费用。

Acceptance Criteria Activity Duration Estimation; Activity Definition; Activity Sequencing; Addenda Approved budget Arbitration Award of Contract ; Award Criteria Audits Balanced Matrix; Baseline Bill of Quantities Brainstorming Characteristic Checklists civil engineering civil building Claims Clarify Closing Communication Management Communications Planning Communications Skills Communication channels or paths Completion Computer-based Concrete structure Conditions of Contract Conflict Management Contract Management Contract administration Change Control Contract Closure Contract file Contract agreement; Contractual obligations Contractor Contractor's Representative Construction Management Planning Contract Price Control Chart Cost Estimating; Cost of Quality Cost Control Cost Budgeting Cost Management Co-operation Failure costs Critical Path Feedback Fixed-price Fossils Force Majeure Daywork Functional Organization Decision; Fundamental Tenets Decision Tree Defects Liability Definitions Delphi technique General Rules Deliverables General Provisions Deviation; Generation Direct Costs Discounted cash flow; Dissemination Highway engineering; Discharge Human Resource Management; Disputes Human Resource Planning Drawings Hydraulic engineering; Hydroelectric engineering; Employer's Taking Over Identity Certificate Evaluation of Tenders Initiating Process Group; Executing Process Group Instructions to Tenderers Industrial building Investment payback analysis; Ineffective Individual and team performance Information Distribution Negotiation Indirect Costs Nominated Subcontractors Incentive bonus Information Technology Interpretation; Insurance Observation Inspections Off-site Online On-the-job training Opening of Tender

验收标准活动时间的估计；活动的定义；活动序列分析；增编核定预算仲裁授予合同；授标标准审计平衡矩阵；基线工程量清单集思广益特性清单土木工程民用建筑索赔澄清闭幕通信管理通信规划沟通技巧沟通渠道或路径完成以计算机为基础的混凝土结构合同条件冲突管理合同管理合同管理变更控制合同结束合同文件合同协议；合同义务承包承包商的代表规划建设管理合同价格控制图成本估算；质量成本成本控制成本预算成本管理合作失败成本关键路径反馈固定价格化石不可抗力计日工职能组织决定；基本原理决策树缺陷责任定义德尔福技术的一般规则交付的一般规定偏差；代直接费用贴现现金流量；传播公路工程；放电的人力资源管理；争端的人力资源规划图纸水利工程；水电工程；雇主接管身份证书评标启动过程组；执行过程组指示的投标工业建设投资回报分析；无效个人和团队的业绩信息分配谈判指定分包商的间接费用激励奖金信息技术解释；保险观察视察场外在线在职培训开幕投标

In fact, both the medical, education, sports or leisure facilities, residential complexes, as are naturally complementary, and show to as a gift, is the lack of respect for the owners; second is a bit of a side feature, it advertised a with another industry,"composite" is unworthy of the name, demagogy; third is deliberately done to a particular aspect of supporting the "high, large and comprehensive" and moving it on the golf driving range mu, tens of thousands of square meters of Sports clubs, or in excess of the actual needs of the large district hospitals, schools and so on, one to build the necessary land and construction costs caused by high costs will be passed on to prices, on the other hand, is to increase the use of future costs.

事实上，无论是医疗，教育，体育和休闲设施，住宅园区，作为自然的互补性，并显示作为礼物，是不尊重业主；第二个是有点方的功能，它会登报与其他行业，"复合"是不值得的名称，蛊惑人心；三是故意做某一方面的支持"高，大，全"和移动的高尔夫球练习场万亩，数万平方米的体育俱乐部，或超出实际需要的大区医院，学校等，其中以建立必要的土地和建筑成本所造成的高额费用将转嫁到价格，另一方面，是提高利用未来的费用。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。