查询词典 ice-covered

Two main aspects of the research work are as follows:(1) The paper introduces the experimental ice forces on semi-circular breakwaters which is made by State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering of Dalian University of Technology and calculate the ice value for different radius semi-circular component, based on which it speculates on that horizontal ice value and water level accord with biquadratic polynomial function, meanwhile, the paper analyses incidence of ice heap to horizontal ice value of semi-circular component.

论文的主要工作有三部分：(1)主要介绍大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室所做的物理模拟试验，应用水平冰力计算公式计算了不同半径半圆型构件的冰力值；根据这些数值的分析，推测半圆型构件水平冰力与水位符合四次多项式函数关系；同时分析了碎冰堆对半圆型构件水平冰力影响。

One is to utilize ships and special meshwork to draw or push away the sea-ice on the sea, and the other is to set up some barriers made up of several pillars at coast, which is vertical to the main direction of sea-ice movements, and to centralize the moving sea-ice along the bar according to the characteristic that sea-ice moves with wind and sea-flow, which is easy to carry and debark the ice.

一是利用船舶和特殊网具在海上拉冰；二是在海岸边建一个与海冰主运动方向相垂直的由若干个柱子组成栅栏，利用海冰沿按风和流的运动方向而移动的特点，将运动的海冰集聚在栅栏前，便于把冰搬运上岸。

The first one is to build a slope of certain gradient and length according to the main direction of sea-ice movements at coast, to make the sea-ice assembling under the slope climb along the slope by virtue of environmental driving force of wind and flow, and then to take out sea-ice cubes to desalinize after sea-ice falling into the ice-storing section when it reaches the top of the slope.

一是在岸边按海冰运动的主方向修建有一定坡度和长度的斜坡，利用环境驱动力的作用，使聚集在斜坡下的海冰沿着斜坡向上爬升，上升到坡顶后跌入贮冰区内，再从贮冰区中取出海冰块进行淡化。

Therefore, the following works was conducted: 1 Setting up different types combination failure model of ice sheet interaction with semi-breakwater, and considering different actual conditions of crushing, bending and bucking failure in the process of ice pileup when ice sheet acts on the semi-breakwater; 2 Applying analysis of non-continuous transmutation for the numerical simulation. This method is a new numerical analysis method of simulating mechanics response of dispersoid, it has a broad application prospect for the simulative questions of ice sheet moving, deforming, breaking and circumvolving after ice sheet occur pileup.

为此，具体进行： 1 建立冰排作用于半圆堤时的不同破坏类型的组合破坏模式，能够考虑到半圆型防波堤前海冰堆积过程中，由于水位的变化和堤前冰块堆积到一定程度在低水位时触底，冰排作用于半圆堤时可能会发生弯曲、挤压、压曲等不同类型的破坏的实际情形。

A synthetic method to recognizing ice situation combining Froude,density of drift ice and accumulated negative temperature is produced,the ice process and schedule along the route is predicted and the characteristics and influencing factors of conveying in ice period is analyzed,and the ice danger prevention measures are also advised.

提出了采用Fr数、流冰密度、负积温综合判别不同冰情的方法，预测了南水北调中线工程冬季输水不同冰情的时空分布特征，并初步分析了冰期输水的特性及影响因素，提出了冰期输水冰情防治和预防措施等方面的建议。

This thesis aimed at this hotspot, also one of the important regions during the Ninth-and Tenth-Five-Year-Program periods of Chinese Antarctic research. It made use of Radio Echo-Sounding data, surface horizontal ice flow velocity data, digital elevation model data, surface mass accumulation data and the data concerning melting at the bottom of Amery Ice Shelf , to study the grounding line, mass balance, and ice kinematic characteristics of grounded ice sheet and floating ice shelf respectively.

本论文瞄准国际上的这一研究热点地区，同时也是我国"九五"及"十五"期间的南极研究重点地区，利用无线电回波测厚数据、冰面流速数据、数字高程模型数据、冰面物质积累数据及冰架底部融化数据等，对该地区的接地线、物质平衡、陆地冰盖和漂浮冰架的冰川运动学特征等进行了研究。

Secondly this dissertation made the statistical analysis of brittle ice load, and results showed that there was a greater variance of ice load during slow ice speed movement and a smaller variance of ice load during fast ice speed movement.

其次对冰脆性破坏时的荷载进行了统计，结果显示当冰速较慢时荷载的变化较大，而当冰速较快时荷载的变化较小。

This article introduced the general situation of the domestic and international ice jam research and the necessity of the water level research firstly. In succession, discussed the formation condition and the formation process of the ice cover in detail, the ice jam formation mechanism and the general regulation of development in the space, the water level variety process that caused by ice jam, factors that influence the ice jam water level: the river power factor, the thermodynamic energy factor, the water current dynamical factor and artificial factor etc..

文章首先介绍了国内外冰情研究的概况以及进行冰塞水位研究的必要性，接着，详细论述了冰盖的形成条件及形成过程，冰塞的形成机理及冰塞在空间发展的一般规律，由冰塞所引起的水位变化过程，影响冰塞水位的河势因素、热力因素、水流动力因素及人为因素等。

The investigations included the following:（1） estimation of sea ice distribution by ship-based observations between Middle Weddell Sea and Prydz Bay;（2） estimation of sea ice distribution by aerial photography in the Prydz Bay;（3） direct measurements of fast ice thickness and snow cover, as well as ice core sampling in Nella Fjord;（4） estimation of melting sea ice patterns near the ZhongShan Station; and （5） observation of sea ice early freezing near the ZhongShan Station.

包括：（1）基于走航观测的威德尔海至普利茨湾之间海冰分布研究；（2）基于航空拍摄的普利茨湾海冰分布研究；（3）纳拉海峡固定冰和上浮雪厚度钻孔测量以及冰心钻取；（4）中山站附近融化冰的分布研究以及（5）中山站附近海冰早期冻结过程观测研究。

Based on the data analysis and numerical simulation, the Arctic sea ice climate variability was researched, the result were as following:(1) The analysis on the seasonal cycle of the Arctic Ocean and atmosphere showed that: The seasonal surface wind is somewhat trade wind like in some regions in the Arctic. The surface air temperature is robustly determined from the underlying environments such as sea ice and Greenland glaciers. In the sea ice region the precipitation rate is larger than that of evaporation. Furthermore, the Arctic Ocean hydrology is profoundly influenced by the surrounding rivers discharge. These are the decisive factors on the ocean salinity pattern. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait is larger in winter than in summer. From the 40s in the 20th century on, the ice volume flux has an increasing trend. The Arctic rivers flood season is about the melt period, the winter rivers discharge has a significant increasing. Correlation analysis shows that 7 to 10 years is a characteristic time scale that rivers discharge leads Fram Strait ice volume export.(2) Considering 9 major arctic rivers, the Arctic Ocean circulation was simulated through BOM. The result shows that: The BOM can reproduce the main Arctic Ocean circulation pattern. The"Islandization"which is commonly used in OGCMs to treat the North Pole, not only influences the ocean current near the pole, but also influences the current in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, thus the bogus island might influence global climate through thermohaline circulation in the Atlantic Ocean.

在资料分析和数值模拟的基础上，对北极海冰的气候变率进行了深入的研究，结果如下：(1)对北极地区大气和海洋季节循环特征的分析表明，气候平均风场在部分地区具有&信风&的性质；而气温场与海冰分布及格陵兰半岛冰原的下垫面特征有密切关系；在北极海冰区的降水量大于蒸发量，并且在全球大洋中北冰洋受到河流径流的影响最大，对北冰洋的盐度分布有决定作用；通过弗瑞姆海峡的海冰通量在冬半年大于夏半年，并且从20世纪40年代起，海冰的体积输送有增加趋势；北极河流的汛期主要在融化季节，冬季的河流流量有显著增加的趋势；相关分析表明7到10年是北极河流流量影响弗瑞姆海峡海冰体积输送的一个特征时间尺度；(2)采用BOM海洋模式对北冰洋海洋环流进行了模拟研究，在模式中考虑了北极9条主要河流的作用，结果表明该海洋模式可以较好模拟出北冰洋海洋环流的基本特征；多数大洋环流模式采用&北极岛化&的方法处理北极点，模拟结果表明&北极岛化&不仅影响到极点附近的海流，还会对相对较远的北大西洋海流造成影响，并可能通过大西洋的热盐环流对全球气候产生影响；(3)采用CSIM4海冰模式对北极海冰的气候态进行了模拟。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。