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In these years,some re-search works have began to consider the discrete Integrable equations,i.e.replace thepartial differential operator by the difference operator.

近年来，随着经典可积系统理论的不断完善，可积系统方面的研究逐渐开始转向离散可积系统，即用差分算子代替微分算子来构造可积系统，目前该方向的研究正在蓬勃发展。

In mathematical viewpoint, this kind of systems are called non-smooth dynamical systems, i.e., right-hand sides of the systems are not continuous or differentiable.

从数学的观点来看，这一类系统称为非光滑动力系统，即这些系统的右端是不连续或不可微的。

The authors propose a new method that is easy to implement in engineering practice, i.e., to identify parameters of excitation model in the form of differential equation by means of nonlinear direct optimization algorithm.

提出了一种新的、工程中容易实现的方法，即利用非线性直接优化法辨识微分方程形式的励磁模型参数。

Based on theanalysis of topology structure of parallel mechanisms and using differential topology anddifferential manifolds as mathematical tools, we propose a new classification method. Thismethod classifies singularities of parallel mechanisms into two basic types, i.e. topologysingularity and parameterization singularity. This kind of classification has clear physical andmathematical meaning and fully reveals the characteristic of configuration space of parallelmechanisms.

采用微分拓扑和微分流形等现代数学工具，在对并联机构位形空间的拓扑结构进行分析的基础上，提出了一种新的奇异位形的分类方法，即把奇异位形分为拓扑奇异位形、参数化奇异位形两种类型，这种分类方法充分体现了并联机构位形空间的特点，具有十分明确的物理和数学意义。

A method for measurement of tissue optical properties by time resolved reflectance was improved, i.e. the contribution of the absorption coefficient to diffusion constant was considered.

通过考虑吸收系数对漫射常数的影响，改进了时间分辨反射中两点测量生物组织光学性质的方法。

Are mainly focused in the power management area, i.e. to make the computer,Digital camera, LCD monitor, cellular phone, battery etc.

我们的产品主要运用于电源管理的领域，例如电脑、数码相机、LCD液晶显示器，手机，电池等。

In US. Our products are mainly focused in the power management area, i.e. to make the computer, Digital camera, LCD monitor, cellular phone, battery etc.

我们的产品主要运用于电源管理的领域，例如电脑、数码相机、LCD液晶显示器，手机，电池等。

He received numerous specialist titles, i.e. Fellow of the Academy of Veterinary Dentistry, Diplomate of the EVDC, board certified Specialist in Veterinary Dentistry and Equine Dentistry.

他获得过很多的专家头衔，例如美国兽医牙科学院的研究员，欧洲兽医牙科学院认证医师，兽医牙科和马的牙科国际认证专家。

Using the directional derivative formula, the governing equation is discreted in the physical domain in which a nonorthogonal grid system is used. Two kinds of AF2 schemes, i. e. AF2-plane relaxation and full implicit AF2, for the TSD equation are proposed. Numerical results show that the full implicit AF2 scheme converges faster than AF2plane relaxation scheme. For the rectangular wing and swept wing, the results of the present method are compared with FP results, and the agreement is good.

采用适合于梯形机翼和后掠机翼的斜网格，利用方向导数公式直接在物理空间对主管方程进行离散；将近似因式分解方法应用于绕机翼的跨音速小扰动势流问题，提出AF2—面松弛和AF2全隐式两种迭代格式，并对它们的收敛速度进行比较，结果表明后者明显快于前者；直机翼和后掠机翼的算例表明，本文方法的结果与精确势流方法的结果吻合良好。

But there are certain other sayings of the Holy Prophet, which show that although the good done by a disbeliever cannot save him from the fire of Hell, yet in Hell he will not be subjected to the severe punishment which will be the lot of the wicked, sinful and villainous disbelievers, e.g.

但使者也说过，非信士所作的善行虽然不能把他救出火狱，然而他在火狱中的将不会面临穷凶极恶的非信士所遭受的严厉惩罚，如根据圣训，考虑到Hatim Ta'I的慷慨，将在火狱中面临一个较轻的惩罚(Ruh al-Ma 'ani)。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。