查询词典 hypothalami

To evaluate the effect of cold stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis in chic-kens,15-day-old male Isa chickens were subjected to acute(for 15min,1h,3h,6h,12h and 24h,respectively) and chronic(for 5d,10d and 20d,respectively) cold stress at 12℃±1℃.The level of expression of corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA in hypothalami and the contents of adrenocorticotrophic hormone,aldosterone and cortisol in serum of the chickens were detected.

为探明冷应激对雏鸡下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴的影响，对15日龄公雏鸡进行了急性(15min、1h、3h、6h、12h和24h)与慢性(5d、10d和20d)冷应激处理(12℃±1℃)，检测了雏鸡下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素mRNA的表达水平及血清促肾上腺皮质激素、醛固酮及皮质醇的含量。

Methods: the animal model was produced by means of putting special moulds on the male rats being bred in cages separately. Using CHAIHUSHUGAN POWDER as trial drug to smooth the circulation of liver-Qi, the targets such as oltaction-licking latency % intromission latency, intromission frequency, ejaculation latency,ejaculation frequency, post-ejaculation interval had been observed. Fluorospectrophotometry had been used to measure the content of 5-HT in respective specimen which had been produced by separating plasm, fluid of broken platelets from rats venous blood and homogenating the hypothalami.

通过带模具单笼饲养法造模，以柴胡疏肝散作为疏肝理气试验用药，观察大鼠的嗅舔潜伏期、插入潜伏期、插入次数、射精潜伏期、射精次数、射精后不应期；取大鼠静脉血和下丘脑，制备血浆、血小板破碎液和下丘脑匀浆，运用荧光分光光度法检测各标本5-HT的含量。

The result showed that IFN-γ was distributed over 20 nucleus of the hypothalamus, such as nucleus mamillaris medialis, nucleus pre-opticus medialis, area anterior hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis, nucleus reunions, nucleus paraventricularis, nucleus supra optic, and etc. Many of IFN-γ positive nerve fibers were found in supra optic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, nucleus mamillaris medialis and etc. Nerve fibers and astrocytes IFN-γ immunoreactive positive cells spreaded in paraventricular nucleus, nucleus pre-opticus lateralis, nucleus pre-opticus medialis and etc. At the same time, IFN-γ is also observed obviously in adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. IFN-γ also expresses in follicular and corpus luteum.

结果显示，IFN-γ分布于乳头体内侧核、视前内侧核、下丘脑前区、腹内侧核、连接核、室旁核、视上核等20个核团中，各部分核团细胞着色程度深浅不一；在视上核、室旁核分泌部乳头体内侧核等有大量的阳性神经纤维；同时在室周核、视前外侧核、视前内侧核等13个核团中散布有一些阳性星形胶质细胞，与阳性神经细胞交错共存；腺垂体中腺细胞和神经垂体中神经纤维均有IFN-γ表达；卵泡和黄体中也有IFN-γ存在。

ER, NGF and ChAT immunoreactive productions were widely presented in diencephalons, mainly in nucleus habenula, nucleus corpus geniculatum lateral, nucleus medialis thalami, nucleus lateral thalami, nucleus paraventricularis, nucleus paratenialis, nucleus rhomboidens, grisea periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypoythalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, anterior region and posterior region hypothalami.

老年大鼠和去卵巢大鼠端脑大部分区域内ER、NGF和ChAT的表达活性及阳性细胞数目均显著下降，而补充17β－雌二醇后得到回升，并基本恢复到正常水平，表明雌激素通过ER对端脑内NGF和ChAT的表达有促进作用，这种作用可能部分地与雌激素对NGF的上调而作用于胆碱能神经元有关，也可能是雌激素通过ER直接调控了ChAT的表达，增强神经信息的传递。

When aborted rats in group E were treated with the dose of 50 IU/g IFN-γ, expression of TNF-αin this group was compared with the other four groups, the results were as follows: Compared with group A, the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami and pars intermedia had a highly expression of TNF-α, in the other nuclei of hypothalamus, neurohypophsis and adenohypophysis, the change was not significantly, the expression of TNF-αin follicle and corpus luteum were decreased distinctly, the variation in uterus was slight and no difference was exsited; Compared with group B, the expression of TNF-αin nucleus nucleus lateralis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, adenohypophysis and uterus presented a remarkable enhancement, conversely, the TNF-αexpression in the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, follicle and corpus luteum had been significantly decreased; Compared with group C, the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, adenohypophysis, pars intermedia and uterus had upregulated the expression of TNF-α, however, it was decreased in the nucleus periventricularis hypothalami and corpus luteum; When compared with group D, the expression of TNF-αin nucleus lateralis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, pituitary, follicle and ovary stroma were obviously enhanced, while in the nucleus supra-opticus and nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, the situation was definitely opposite, in the other parts, the change was not significant.

外源腹腔注射50 IU/g IFN-γ后，同A组相比：E组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在下丘脑视前内侧核、视前大细胞核、室周核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、弓状核、垂体中间部显著增高，在下丘脑其它核团、神经垂体、垂体前叶较A组差异不显著，在卵泡、黄体中阳性产物表达均较A组显著降低，在子宫中表达较A组变化不明显；同B组相比：E组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在下丘脑外侧核、腹内侧核、弓状核、垂体前叶、子宫均显著增高，在视前内侧核、视交叉上核、视上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、神经垂体、卵泡、黄体中阳性物质表达均显著降低；同C组相比：E组下丘脑视前内侧核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、弓状核、垂体前叶与中间部、子宫均显著增高，在室周核、黄体中均显著降低；同D组相比：E组下丘脑外侧核、背内侧核、腹内侧核、垂体各部、卵泡、卵巢基质均显著增高，在视上核、弓状核显著降低，在其它部位表达变化差异不显著。

When aborted rats were injected with 10 IU/g IFN-γin group D, compared with group A, expression of TNF-αinmmuopositive substance in the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami were highly increased, conversely, the ones in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, neurohypophsis, adenohypophysis, ovary were obviously decreased, the change in the uterus was not remarkable; Compared with group B, expression of TNF-αin the arcuatus hypothalami was obviously enhanced, while in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, pars intermedia, ovary, the results were on the contrary, the uterus had no significantly variation; Compared with group C, expression of TNF-αin the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, adenohypophysis and pars intermedia had an obviously risen trend, however, the variation in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, pars intermedia, follicle and corpus luteum was completely opposite, uterus had no obviously change.

外源腹腔注射10 IU/g IFN-γ后，同A组相比：D组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在下丘脑视前内侧核、视上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、弓状核显著增高，在视交叉上核显著降低，在其它核团较A组无显著差异，在神经垂体、垂体前叶、卵巢中阳性产物表达均较A组显著降低，在子宫中的表达较A组变化不明显；同B组相比：D组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在弓状核显著增高，在视交叉上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、神经垂体、垂体中间部、卵巢各部阳性物质表达均显著降低，在子宫表达变化不显著；同C组相比：D组下丘脑视前内侧核、视上核、室旁核、弓状核、垂体前叶与中间部均显著增高，在视交叉上核、室周核、神经垂体、卵泡、黄体中均显著降低，子宫中表达变化不明显。

Low dose Yiweitang group; 4. Diethylstilbestrol group; 5. Model control group. After 4 weeks intervention, get the left ovarie, a part of hypothalami and pituitary gland from head-off rat, and observe expression of ER, FSHR and GnRH by immune histochemistry method . Then extract RNA from the rihgt ovarie and the rest hypothalami and pituitary gland, so as to measure the expression of GnRHmRNA 、 ERmRNA 、 FSHRmRNA and P 16mRNA by RT-PCR. And the cerebrum were made to homogenate to examine SOD, GSH-PX and MDA.

各组实验动物灌药4周后，断头处死，取部分下丘脑、垂体及左侧卵巢组织固定切片，免疫组化法检测 ER 和 FSHR 表达、 GnRH ；取剩余部分下丘脑、垂体及右侧卵巢组织提取总 RNA ，用于 RT-PCR 检测下丘脑 GnRHmRNA ，下丘脑、垂体的 P 16mRNA 及下丘脑、垂体、卵巢的 ERmRNA 、 FSHRmRNA 基因表达；另外取部分大脑组织制作脑组织匀浆，用于 SOD 和 GSH-PX 酶活力以及 MDA 含量的测定。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。