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The karyotypes and the Giemsa-C banding patterns of Aegilops tauschii (85A-34) and Hordium vulgare (H2) and regenerated plants from embryo callus of hybrids between Ae.tauschii and H.vulgare (2n=28) were confirmed by karyotype analyzing and Giemsa-C banding technique in this study, thus proved that the regenerated plants from embryo callus of hybrids between Ae.tauschii and H.vulgare (2n=28) were spontaneously chromosal doubling amphidiploid.

本研究通过染色体组型分析和Giemsa--C带显带技术，确定了节节麦（85A85A-34）、栽培大麦（H2）、节节麦×大麦杂种胚再生植株(2n=28)的染色体组型和Giemsa--C带核型，证明了节节麦×大麦杂种胚再生植株(2n=28)为自发加倍的节节麦－大麦双二倍体。

The yield, quality, resistance and chromosome characteristics of the hybrids were analyzed, and the improvement of the grasses using gene introgression, androgenesis and genetic modification methods was introduced. The latest advance in GISH, genetic map construction and QTL of Festulolium hybrids were described here.

本文总结了黑麦草羊茅杂种高产、优质、抗性强的优势；分析了杂种染色体配型特点；重点介绍了通过基因渗入、雄核发育和转基因手段改良牧草的方法；对黑麦草羊茅杂种基因组原位杂交、分子标记和遗传图谱建立、数量性状位点分析等分子遗传学的最新研究进展进行了综述。

The hybrids of CY×WP was found to show the highest heterosis ratewith a range of values from 2.28% to 18.20% on the four growth traits of body length,body weight, cephalothorax length and abdominal length, while the hybrids ofCY×HB and WP×CY showed the poor heterosis among the six hybridizationcombinations.

研究结果表明，在生长性状上，CY×WP组合的子一代无论在形态性状(体长、头胸甲长、腹节长)还是体重均较其它组合表现出最大的杂种优势(2.28％～18.20％)，而CY×HB和WP×CY组合子一代的各生长性状表现出杂交劣势。

The result showed that the daily gains, carcass weight and dressing percentage in Angus hybrid were highest among three kinds of hybrids, and the fattening effect in Angus hybrid is better than that of Simmental and Charolais hybrids.

结果发现各分析指标在各组间虽有差异，但均未达显著水平，综合分析后认为安格斯杂交牛的育肥效果最好，其次是西门塔尔杂交牛，最后是夏洛来杂交牛。

Sp. tritici of the F1 plants were tested at the seedling and adult stages. The results indicated that dominant and semi-dominant genes were responsible for powdery mildew resistance at the seedling stage, while dominant, semi-dominant and recessive genes were found controlling the powdery mildew resistance at the adult plants. After testing the Pm30 linked SSR marker Xgwml59 on the 40 F1 hybrids between wild emmer and common wheat, it was found that the Pm30 linked Xgwm159 loci could be detected at 8 F1 hybrids, indicating the 8 wild emmers might also carry the Pm30 gene.

对F_1植株的苗期和成株期抗性鉴定结果表明，在这些野生二粒小麦材料中，苗期抗性由显性和部分显性基因控制，而成株期抗性则由显性、部分显性和隐性基因控制。40份F_1代材料经Pm30基因连锁的SSR标记Xgwm159的测定，有8份材料可能含有Pm30基因。

Finally, chromosome behavior of hybrids between Brassica hexaploid andO.violaceus was different from that of hybrids between diploid or tetraploid andO.violaceus.

而B基因组染色体、较多的A基因组染色体、部分的C基因组及少量的诸葛菜染色体分到了同一极，但诸葛菜染色体在随后的细胞分裂过程中被消除。

In this research, transformation of Liriodendron hybrids was studied with embryogenic mass of Liriodendron hybrids as explant, which was preserved on solid medium for a long time.

本研究利用在固体培养基上长期保存的杂交鹅掌楸胚性愈伤为外植体，对杂交鹅掌楸进行了遗传转化的研究。

Nuclear DNA content analysis revealed that hybrid plants had different nuclear DNA content:higher,lower than the parental sum or equal to it.Contrast to the lower and equal hybrids,bigger amount of hybrids with higher DNA content had abnormal leaf,bad growth vigour and poor fertility.

结果表明：杂种形态变异广泛，多数呈中间类型，少数呈偏亲性状；杂种细胞DNA含量不一致，呈现大于、等于、小于双亲细胞DNA含量之和的类型；DNA含量大于双亲之和的杂种与DNA含量等于或小于双亲之和的杂种相比，有较高比例的材料叶型出现畸形和植株生长势弱，育性也更差。

The danger is that the automakers will co-opt the hybrids' green mantle and, with the help of a government looking to bail out its troubled friends in Detroit, misguidedly encourage the sale of hybrids without reference to their actual effect on oil consumption.

危险的是汽车制造商把混合型汽车打造出绿色外衣，并借助于政府期待打救底特律的难友，在不考虑燃油消耗的实效情况下，误导促销混合动力汽车。

Purpuraristatus, the growth, fertility, chromosome configuration, EST isozyme etc. were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the growth potentiality of (E. sibiricus×E. purpuraristatus) F2 and (E. purpuraristatus×E. sibiricus) F1 were much stronger than their parents, the plant height of the former was 143.2 cm. The whole plant was reseda, the latter was 129.7 cm. The spike nodding of two hybrids were in the middle of their parents, the anther was yellow; the pollen fertility was 0.02%~0.03%, seed set was 0; the average chromosome configuration of former pollen mother cell at PMC M Ⅰ was 6.90Ⅰ+14. 02Ⅱ, the latter was 7.82Ⅰ+13.59 Ⅱ, and lagging chromosome and bridge fragment were observed at meiosis anaphase Ⅰ the EST of the two hybrids F1 and their parents at tillering stage was some certain different in locus, number and intensity.

结果表明，正交F1和反交F1植株的生长势均很强，正交F1株高143.2 cm、全株浅绿色，反交F1株高129.7 cm、全株灰绿色；正、反交F1的穗型均呈双亲中间型，花药呈黄色，花粉可育率0.02%~0.03%，结实率为0，说明杂种高度不育；正交F1的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体构型为6.90Ⅰ+14.02Ⅱ，反交F1为7.82Ⅰ+13.59Ⅱ，减数分裂后期丁有落后染色体和染色体桥等不规则现象；亲本及其正、反交杂种F1分某期幼叶的EST同工酶酶带的位点、数目和强弱均存在一定差异，可作为亲本及杂种在蛋白质水平识别的重要依据。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。