查询词典 horizontal

Two kinds of model were designed to horizontal drain structure embankment and the ventilation embankment in suit. The effect of horizontal plastic drain was analyzed in contrast with the ventilation embankment. The mechanisms of horizontal plastic drain were studied in permafrost, such as gravity draining in the superficial layer and structure stiffing in the embankment in the theory. According to the design theory, the parameters of horizontal plastic drain were confirmed in the embankment. The values of deformation were inspected by fiber monitor system in the permafrost embankment.

摘 要：为了解决青藏高原的冻土浅层雨季雨水下渗和蒸发所产生的冻土冻胀与融沉问题，在青藏高原开展水平排水板结构性路基和普通通风路基的原位模型对比试验，并从理论上探讨水平排水板在多年冻土路基中浅层重力排水和结构加劲的作用机理，确定水平排水板的铺设参数；运用光纤监测技术对水平排水板在多年冻土路基中的变形进行监测，对比分析水平排水板铺设与否这2种条件下冻土路基变形监测结果。

On this basis, using the same theories and methods, we set up the three-dimensional steady-state models of ideal well productivity about a reverse double-branch horizontal wells, the three branches of radial horizontal wells, fish-bone shape three branches horizontal wells and two-dimensional four branches horizontal wells In five reservoirs respectively.

在此基础之上，运用同样的理论和方法，建立了反向双分支水平井、辐射状三分支水平井、鱼骨形三分支水平井和二维四分支水平井这四种分支水平井分别在以上五种油藏中的三维稳态理想井产能模型。

In this study, six campaigns around Anping tide gauge, Tainan, were successfully performed and the collected GPS buoy data were processed with four types of precise ephemeris provided by IGS, including final product, rapid product, ultra-rapid product and ultra-rapid product with the use of PPP technique. Comparing the PPP results with DGPS, the differences reach 3~5 cm in the horizontal and 10 cm in the vertical with final product; 6~8 cm in the horizontal and 15 cm in the vertical with rapid product; 15~20 cm in the horizontal and 30~40 cm in the vertical with ultra-rapid product; 2~3 m in the horizontal and 3~4 m in the vertical with ultra-rapid product. In addition, the collected data were also processed by DGPS techniques using different reference stations to analyze the effect of various baselines. The results show that accuracy degrades when the baselines increase.

本研究在台南安平潮位站旁进行6次GPS浮标施测，首先利用与GPS浮标距离不同之GPS参考主站来进行差分定位，分析基线距离对GPS浮标定位成果的影响，由实验结果可得出基线越长则定位准确度越低；再以IGS提供之最终产品、快速产品、超快速产品(Ultra-Rapid product)之观测部分observed half、超快速产品(Ultra-Rapid product)之预估部分四种不同发布延迟时间的精密星历与精密时表改正资料对GPS浮标进行精密单点定位解算，与传统差分相对定位方法定位结果进行比较后，得出使用最终产品之平面方向均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error， RMSE)可达3~5公分，而高程方向均方根误差可达10公分；快速产品之平面方向均方根误差可达6~8公分，而高程方向均方根误差可达15公分；超快速产品观测部分之平面方向均方根误差可达15~20公分，而高程方向均方根误差可达30~40公分；超快速产品预估部分之平面方向均方根误差可达2~3公尺，而高程方向均方根误差可达3~4公尺。

Based on the horizontal and vertical combination in formal contexts, this paper defines the independent or consistent contexts and lattices in attribute field; and also defines the horizontal addition operation between contexts or concepts and the horizontal union operation between concept lattices. In addition, we prove that the concept lattice of subcontexts horizontally combined is isomorphic to the horizontal union of sublattices of these subcontexts.

本文首先从形式背景的纵向、横向合并出发，定义了内涵独立和内涵一致的形式背景和概念格；还定义了内涵一致的形式背景、概念的横向加运算和概念格的横向并运算，并证明了横向合并的子形式背景的概念格和子背景所对应的子概念格的横向并是同构的。

The method which is used to measure and compute moment, yield and turning angle by steel bar gauge is introduced in detail. According to the measuring results, the horizontal critical load of the testing pile is 120 kN. The steel bar gauge measuring results show that the largest moment is located in the depth from 2 m to 3 m under the horizontal load, it transfers to the deeper location with the increase of the horizontal load, and the bend distortion only occurs in the upper of 1/3 pile length.

结合实际工程详细地介绍了利用钢筋计测试水平荷载作用下桩身弯矩、挠度和转角分布的方法，根据桩顶位移和钢筋内力测试结果判定试验桩的水平临界荷载为120 kN；根据钢筋计测试结果可知，在水平荷载作用下，桩身最大弯矩截面位于在地面以下2～3 m处，且随着荷载的增大最大弯矩截面逐渐向深部转移；发生弯曲变形的部分主要是桩长1/3以上的桩体，而其下的桩体几乎不发生变形。

In this paper we combining connecting tunnel project of Subway Line 4 at Xidan-lingjing bystreet in Beijing. To aim at the difficulties of building large-span connecting tunnels in the fine sand layer, through roads and underground pipelines, construction nearby buildings and other project difficulties. Using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field tests and other research methods to comprehensive and systemic research the stratum deformation mechanism and process control techniques of shallow excavation method, and a series of results were obtained. Firstly, use the stochastic media theory to analyze the stratum deformation mechanism, concretely analyze the analytic equation of surface horizontal displacement and deformation which were caused by the excavation of single-hole and double-hole tunnel, and further discussion on ground settlement, vertical deformation, surface horizontal displacement and horizontal deformation. Analyzing the main influence factors of surface displacement, and combined with practical work to proof the theory which was applied to shallow buried single-hole tunnel in fine sand layer was scientific.

本文结合北京地铁四号线西单～灵境胡同渡线隧道工程，针对在粉细砂地层中修建大跨渡线隧道，下穿道路和地下管线，临近建筑物施工等工程难点，利用理论分析、数值模拟、和现场监测等多种研究手段，对浅埋暗挖隧道地层变位机理及控制技术，深入地进行全面和系统的研究，并取得以下成果：(1)引入随机介质理论，对地层变位机理进行了分析，具体分析了单、双孔隧道开挖引起的地表位移及变形的解析方程，并深入探讨了地表沉降、垂直变形、地表水平位移和水平变形的特点，同时分析了影响地表位移的主要因素，并结合工程实例，佐证该理论应用于粉细砂地层浅埋暗挖单孔地铁隧道的科学性。

By analyzing the loading status of three-point drop test platform, the force model of which has been built, and determined the factors that affect the measurement precision of horizontal load of wheel, derived the computational formula of horizontal load of wheel, so, the original measurement method of horizontal load of wheel has been improved.

通过分析三点支撑落震平台的受力状态，建立了三点支撑落震平台的力学模型，确定了影响机轮水平载荷测量精度的因素，推导出了机轮水平载荷的计算公式，从而改进和完善了现有的机轮水平载荷测量方法，使机轮水平载荷的测量更精确、更合理。

Therefore, the moist potential vorticity analysis associated with the mesoscale convective system was researched in the paper, so as to reveal the moist potential characteristics of mesoscale convective system in typhoon circulation. The results showed that, during the generation stage, convective instability characterized by MPV1 was a favorable condition for forming MCS, while the vorticity which was caused by the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind characterized by MPV2 was an inspiring mechanism. The specific process was that, the atmosphere exhibited the feature of strong convective instability at the low level of convection areas and the southeast areas, which included plenty of erratic energy. The slantwise ascended the stream transfer the erratic energy to northwest, where the stratification stability was small. As decreased, the cyclonic vorticity increased. On the other hand, the vorticity caused by the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind inspired the release of convective instability and as a result that the MCS formed. During the development stage, the cyclonic vorticity increased quickly with the persistent decreasing of . Meanwhile, the inclination of isentropic linewas bigger than the absolute momentum line at middle level, which exhibited the feature of conditional symmetric instability , then the conditional symmetric instability was forced to release by the vorticity resulted from the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of horizontal wind, and the MCS developed.

结果表明，在对流形成阶段，MPV1即对流不稳定为MCS的形成提供背景不稳定条件，由MPV2即湿等熵面的倾斜和水平风的垂直切变而引起的涡旋发展作为强迫机制：MCS形成的区域及东南区域中低层是强对流不稳定层，蕴含丰富的不稳定能量，倾斜上升运动把对流不稳定区具有强不稳定能量的暖湿空气向西北中层的中性层结区输送，由于的减小，气旋性涡度增强，有利于形成对流，另一方面，由于湿等熵面倾斜和低空急流加强而引起的涡旋发展作为一种强迫机制激发对流不稳定能量得到释放，从而形成对流；在对流系统地发展阶段，由于低层的对流不稳定性进一步减弱，进一步减小，气旋性涡度进一步增强，有利于MCS的增强，中层等θe 线的倾斜度比绝对动量M 等值线的倾斜度大，对应有条件对称不稳定区域，满足条件对称不稳定条件，在湿等熵面倾斜和台风低空急流作用下引起的涡旋发展强迫对称不稳定能量释放，从而使得对流得以维持和加强。

In the Mu Us desert, either vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram before irrigation or vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram after irrigation shows obviously vertical-layered character. When the irrigation is finished 24 hours later, there is little correlation between vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram before irrigation and vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram after irrigation. All of probability distribution of soil water content before irrigation are left-skewed distribution, but some of probability distribution of soil water content after irrigation is left-skewed distribution, some is right-skewed distribution or normal distribution. The distributed pattern shows different between the probability distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section of different depth. There is close correlation between the distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section, but the correlation debases as the horizontal section turns deeper. Also after irrigation close correlation occurs between the distribution of soil moisture of layers bordering upon each other, but which reduces with space of different layers being larger.

在毛乌素沙地，喷灌前后土壤含水率等值线垂直分布均具有显著的垂直分层特征；在喷灌结束24h后，喷灌前土壤含水率的垂直分布与喷灌后土壤含水率的垂直分布间地相关性较弱；灌水前土壤初始含水率的概率分布形态均表现为较典型的左偏态分布，灌后土壤含水率分布形态表现为左偏态、右偏形态或正态分布；雨量筒水深概率分布与土壤不同深度剖面层水平方向的含水率概率分布在形态特征上表现出一定程度的差异，雨量筒水深分布与水平层土壤含水率分布、灌后相邻深度层土壤含水率分布、之间的相关程度较高，其相关性随着剖面深度和层间距的增加而降低。

According to the horizontal precision of detail point, it analyzes the horizontal precision of the detail point when using flat, and the horizontal precision of the detail point when using the total station and computer.

从碎部点的平面精度出发，分析了平板测图时碎部点和数字测图时碎部点的平面精度，根据误差传播定律，结合测绘的实际情况，从而推导出两点法已知边推未知边的边长比精度。

Hanna: That's over now, isn't it?

都结束了，对吗

You must be ill. You look so pale.

你一定是病了，你的脸色苍白。