查询词典 horizontal competition

The implementation of retailer's brand strategy is one of the results of the increasing vertical competition between retailers and manufacturers, and the horizontal competition among retailers.

零售商实施品牌战略是制造商和零售商之间垂直竞争加剧的产物，也是应对零售商之间水平竞争的需要。

This process has made Asia a rather cooperative trade zone with little horizontal competition but a lot of vertical synergy.

这种贸易模式有两大基础：各国间差异突出的比较优势和较低的运输成本。

The innovations of the thesis are as follows: i Initiate a new angle to analyze local government competition, and discuss the effect of 'horizontal' competition based on external system environment.

选题和研究角度比较独特，笔者从地方政府面临的外部制度环境和群体关系来考察我国制度转型中地方政府的作用。2。

Under the rapid development of information networks, the financial industry is not only facing the dual pressures of organizational changes and horizontal competition, but dealing with the drop of overall average return on capital.

中文摘要在资讯网路的快速发展下，金融业面对同业竞争与组织变革的双重压力，尚需处理整体平均资本报酬率下降的问题。

The vertical cooperation and the horizontal competition relations is an important determinant of firms clustering.

企业是否加入企业群落，关键在于它对该群落预期收益率的看法。

These factors include evolution of the newspaper industry, advancement of printing technology, changes of external environment, horizontal competition, demand of the advertisers and readers, etc.

摘要 本研究藉由相关文献探讨报业印务人员核心能力提升的性质与关连性，并由报业的演进，印刷科技的进步，外在环境的变化，同业间的竞争，广告商与读者的需求等因素，使得印务人员的核心能力必须随著时间、空间等外在环境而改变。

This paper explain transition in region economic development pattern in term of horizontal competition among local governments.we argue that fiscal decentralization from central to local government give rise to profit-seeking behavior of government .

本文尝试从地方政府横向之间竞争的角度来解释区域经济发展模式转轨的过程。基本思路是这样的：由于各级政府广泛存在的财政分权制度，导致了逐利性政府的形成，由于资源的稀缺性，地方政府之间会产生激烈的竞争。

The article utilize the government competition theory, game theory, region public management theory and network governance theory, analyze the necessity of horizontal competition among the local governments, the possibility of f horizontal competition, the inevitability of horizontal coordination and the effectiveness of horizontal governance.

文章结合政府竞争理论、博弈论、区共公共管理论和网络治理理论，分析了地方政府间横向竞争的必要性、横向合作的可能性、横向协调的必然性和横向治理的有效性。

But Co-petition paradigm didn't clear explanation that enterprise should adopt vertical or horizontal competition network to promote radical innovation or incremental innovation in the market environment of competition and cooperative, the growth performance of the company will have the greatest benefit.

但是竞合典范并没有明确的说明，在既竞争又合作的市场环境中，企业该采用垂直或水平竞争网络最能够影响渐进式创新或跳跃式创新，对於公司的成长绩效是有最大效益的。

To investigate vertical competition in the two-echelon serial supply chain, a M/M/1 queue model is established, the efficiency, firms'decision variables and the customer service level between centralized and decentralized control are compared; a supply chain horizontal competition model is established, the impacts of horizontal competition on performance of the supply chain are analyzed by using theoretical and numerical methods.

针对两级串联供应链中的垂直竞争问题，建立了M／M／1排队模型，对集中控制与分散控制下，供应链的效率、厂商的决策变量和用户服务水平进行了比较分析；建立了供应链水平竞争模型，采用理论分析和数值计算方法，研究了水平竞争对供应链绩效的影响。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷