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Third, mensurated the front axles load-time history when truck was running on general tar-paved roads, mountainous roads and the proving ground enhancement roads, second sampled and pretreated to the load-time history with RPCⅢ software of MTS corporation, acquired the relationship of the frequence of the mean and amplitude load, obtained the zero mean equivalent loads using Goodman experiential fatigue equation, acquired the Weibull distributing functions of equivalent loads of respective roads.

第三，测定了汽车前桥在一般沥青公路、山区公路和试验场强化试验路面的载荷时间历程。对载荷时间历程进行了二次采样和数据预处理。采用雨流计数法得到了各路面的载荷均、幅值的频次关系，并根据Goodman经验疲劳公式，得到了零均值的等效载荷及相应的频次。利用数理统计的方法得到了各路面的等效载荷的Weibull分布函数。

This article starts with a review of the history of the "Expression" conception in the Occident literature tradition,from which to conclude the base connotation of modern "Expression" conception in occident.Relying on this springboard,we analyses the history of the occidental modern plastic arts gradually ,then the naissance and development of the occidental modern plastic arts may boil down to a going-deep course driven by the "Expression" conception:the impressionism which had been pursuing sensual reality brought out a turning point from Representation to expression;Faurism accomplished the consciousness of Expression based on inheriting and criticizing Post-Impressionisme, and resisted the suppressant on Expression by Physical Image; the German Expressionism and Surrealism uplifted Expression at the same time they resisted Physical Image by "Nugatory Physical image"; From the apocalypse of Cubism,Suprematism and De Stijl tended towards Pure Plastic which excluded Physical Image completely,meaning that it had realized absolute Expression in the range of plastic;After WW II,artsists in western detected that Pure Plastic had actually suppressed Expression newly,as a result of Abstract-Expressionism and Mirnirnaliam Art,Expression broke away from Pure Plastic gradually to seek some new possibilities other than plastic.

本文从对西方文艺传统中的&表现&观念的历史考察着手，归纳出西方现代&表现&观念的核心内涵，以此为基点来逐步分析西方现代造型艺术史，进而将西方现代造型艺术的产生与发展归结为在&表现&观念驱动下不断递进的历史进程：印象主义对感觉真实的追求为造型艺术由再现走向表现打开了缺口；野兽派在继承和批判后印象主义的基础上首次实现了表现的自觉，并在艺术中反抗物象对表现的压迫；德国表现主义与超现实主义以不彻底的&否定性物象&来张扬表现反抗物象；至上主义、风格派等则在立体主义的启示下走向完全排斥物象的纯粹造型，在造型的范围内实现彻底的表现；二战后的西方艺术家们察觉到纯粹造型已经掉转头来形成新的对表现的压制；经由抽象表现主义、最低限艺术，表现逐步摆脱了纯粹造型，寻求造型之外的新的表现可能。

Get to explain this point of view of history is called historical materialism, Station At this point of view is the opposite of idealism in history.

拿这个观点解释历史的就叫做历史的唯物主义，站在这个观点的反面的是历史的唯心主义。

The history classroom activities enormously arouse the students' interests in learning history as well as change the students' learning manners and the traditional "spoon-feed" way of teaching. The variety of classroom activities helps a combined action of the students' four sensory organs, which is also advantageous for the students to improve their ability. They not only help improve the students study, but also help in future development. The interactive process between teachers and students is a foundation of harmonious and democratic relationship between them which helps achieve the goal of progress both teachers and students.

通过开展历史课堂活动极大地调动了学生学习历史的积极性；改变了学生的学习方式，也改变了以往历史教学中&满堂灌&的教学方式；在形式多样的课堂活动中，学生的眼、口、耳、手共同作用，有利于学生各种能力的锻炼和提高，不仅有利于学生学业成绩的提高，还为其将来发展奠定了基础；在师生的互动过程中，构建了和谐民主的师生关系，实现了教学相长的目标。

Li Bo's "Human Skin Book - A Rough History of 1000 years of East-West Art in 1 Minute" is marked by this consumer era, he uses software to cover naked bodies with famous paintings from Western and Chinese art history. The colorful Western paintings on the male body and the black and white traditional Chinese paintings on the female body mock the Western dominance of artistic trends and its nearly colonial position in contemporary Chinese art.

李博的《人皮书——1分钟1000年中西绘画粗略史》带着消费时代的烙印，他直接用软件把中西美术史中著名的绘画覆盖在赤裸的人体上，男人体上彩色的西方绘画和女人体上黑白的中国画讽刺了西方占主导的艺术潮流对中国当代艺术近乎统治般的主导地位。

Compared to the history of leather processing for shoe production, the history of the handbag is thus still quite young.

与使用皮革制造鞋子的历史来比较，手袋的历史仍然是很短的。

Depending on the history of Zhuang , my thesis attempts to investigate the ethnic memory of Zhuang in an all-round way. The memory is very useful, because they contribute to forming the self-representation of the ethnicity. Have investigated the transmittance process in Zhuang society of ethnic memory in my thesis, which have offered comparatively rational exposition for history of Zhuang and current situation .

论文试图通过对壮族族群现存的为族群或族群中的大多数所共享的记忆形态的历史性考察，以壮族族群的起源、发展、形成与延续为背景，探讨在几千年的历史时空变幻中，壮族族群的集体记忆经历了怎样的传递过程，以及这一过程对族群的自我表象施加了怎样的影响，从而为壮族族群自我认同的历史现状提供较为合理的解释。

We should find out the theory described with Self-consistent logic in the changing process of history, and should not goes against history in the process of analyzing the theory.

在历史的变化过程中寻找到逻辑自洽的理论描述，在理论分析的整个过程中不能够有任何违背历史的环节。

Deng Jianjin noted these changes. He departed from the dark psychology. The self is located in the public symbolic space, but the symbolic object is the condition of self-existence. The situation of the self's being removed from history is changed from the modern to the postmodern, but there's a half retained in history.

邓箭今注意到了这种变化，他从幽暗的心理空间出来，自我被置于公共的象征性空间，但这个象征性的客体只是自我的存在条件，自我被挪出历史的境遇，从现代转变到后现代，但还有一半留存在历史。

Strontium isotope stratigraphy relies on the fundamental principle that the marine strontium is isotopically homogenous world-wide at any time and the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of strontium in seawater of geological history has varied through time. By means of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of marine carbonate which should record the original composition of sea water, we can date the marine sediments, research global events, such as history of basin subside, sea level change, orogenic events and palaeoclimate variation.

锶同位素地层学根据地质历史中的任何时间全球范围内海水的德同位素组成都是均一的、海水87Sr/86Sr比值随时间变化这一基本原理，利用代表原始海水的海相碳酸盐的87Sr/86Sr比值确定海相地层的年代，研究海平面变化、造山运动、古气候等全球事件，在地层学、沉积学、石油地质学和矿床学等领域中有着广泛的应用前景。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。