查询词典 history

The isotopic abundances of rare gases and cosmic-ray exposure ages of asteroid meteorites, planetary meteorites and the Apollo lunar samples applied to clue up and understanding cosmic-ray exposure history of parent bodies of different meteorite types, collision events, the relationship between cosmic-ray exposure ages and heliocentric distance of the parent bodies, irradiation history of precompaction exposure of chondrules, pairing meteorites for the Antarctic meteorites and desert meteorites, the ejection history of planetary meteorites, and relative ages of lunar craters and so on.

小行星陨石、行星陨石及阿波罗月球样品的稀有气体同位素丰度和宇宙射线暴露年龄，已广泛应用于探索和了解不同类型陨石母体的宇宙射线暴露历史、冲击碰撞事件、暴露年龄与日心距离的关系、吸积形成母体前硅酸盐球粒的辐照历史、南极和沙漠陨石中成对陨石的判别、行星陨石的溅射历史及月坑的相对年龄等关键词：宇宙射线暴露年龄；陨石；球粒陨石；无球粒陨石；火星陨石；中铁陨石

His materials about seal and engravers shows a field in history study and enlarge the resource of history, it makes the researchers pay more attention to not only documents but also inscription in studying history.

认为杨守敬的金石学在学术史上有一定的影响，其金石文字材料拓宽了史学研究的领域，扩大了史料来源，有利于促进史学工作者不仅要重视文献材料，而且要重视金石碑版对历史研究的作用。

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

The meeting stressed that volunteers prepared for a role of linking the future, and services, contemporary, future generations benefit from a basic, systematic project, for drawing lessons from history, a very important role in planning for the future, Members should be strictly in accordance with provincial gazetteers office requirements, adhere to the correct direction, the spirit of history and the future, to cause a highly responsible attitude to future generations, in-depth investigations and studies; to "truth" as the core, and strive to editing out of an era of unity and scientific, with Jiangsu characteristics , and can withstand the test of history of surveying and mapping fine good Chi.

会议强调，编志工作是一项承上启下、继往开来、服务当代、益于后世的基础性、系统性工程，对于借鉴历史、规划未来具有十分重要的作用，各位委员要严格按照省地方志办公室要求，坚持正确导向，本着对历史、对未来、对事业、对后代高度负责的态度，深入调查研究；以&求真&为核心，努力编修出一部时代性和科学性相统一，具有江苏特色，经得起历史检验的测绘精品佳志。

She teaches media history, film analysis, and communication, as well as courses in nineteenth- and twenti-eth-century Germany with special emphasis on German-Jewish history, Jewish emigration from Germany to Palestine after 1933, and the cultural history of the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich, and postwar Germany.

此外她还教授19、20世纪德国犹太人史、1993年后德国犹太人移民巴勒斯坦史、德国在魏玛共和国时期、纳粹第三帝国时期与战后时期的文化、媒体与历史。

Leifeng Pagoda was first built in Northern Song Dynasty 977 AD, two years of peace and rejuvenating the country, originally for the King of Wu and Yue Feng Qian-shu Tibetan Buddhism as a relic to pray for peace and prosperity Luo Ji-fat built, the original name of Princess tower, tower of brick-wood structure leifeng well-known high tower, and Chinese folk legend of White Snake widespread myth is closely related to the story in the embodiment of white snake Bai Suzhen have been a result of the pursuit of true feelings and sea monk imprisoned in Leifeng Pagoda, the Leifeng Pagoda and therefore the statement of history far and wide Leifeng Pagoda on the fire hit twice, the first declared in the Northern Song Dynasty and years, because of Fang La uprising, a torch outside the wooden structure burned to the tower to the Southern Song Dynasty years, have been rebuilt Leifeng Pagoda, West Lake, one of Dusk is the leifeng circulated Leifeng Pagoda at that time subjected to fire the second Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, when the pirates violation of Hangzhou, Leifeng Pagoda burnt again, remaining tower stands on the shore of West Lake, this case continued until the end of the Qing, Leifeng Pagoda finally collapsed due to overwhelming cause of the collapse on the Leifeng Pagoda in history is also very controversial, in general there are two versions of the previous two years in the clean-up sites Leifeng Pagoda time, found that a considerable portion of the tower of brick side of a small hole in the cave there are Buddhist in the past, people have incorrectly relay erroneous messages will pass into a gold brick by brick, the tower blocks have take-home, resulting in the collapse of the tower argument argument, one of the two, due south is the land of plenty since ancient times, but Hangzhou is the House of silk and tea, the history of Hangzhou on the rich silk, and every year when the silkworms cocoon silk, a variety of reasons, tend to have a large number of cocoon death, Over the past superstition, misconception that cocoon cursed, while the Leifeng Pagoda is a town of white snake demon, thinking that would be the Pagoda bricks at home, they can withstand the erosion of Yao Xie, you have to take a sericulture, his family wealth take a course of time, in particular, Taki shaft damage due to the common people, coupled with those in power are indifferent Leifeng Pagoda finally at 13:40 on September 25, 1924 came crashing down

雷峰塔初建于北宋太平兴国二年公元977年，原本为吴越国王钱淑为奉藏佛螺髻发舍利子以祈祷国泰民安所建，原名叫皇妃塔，塔为砖木结构雷峰塔的知名度之高，与中国民间广泛流传的神话传说白蛇传密切相关，故事中白蛇的化身白素贞因追求人间真情而被法海和尚囚禁于雷峰塔下，雷峰塔因而声明远播历史上的雷峰塔曾两次遭遇大火，第一次是在北宋宣和年间，因方腊起义，一把火把外面的木结构塔身加以焚毁到了南宋年间，曾重修雷峰塔，西湖十景之一的雷峰夕照就是在那个时候流传的雷峰塔第二次遭受火烧是在明朝的嘉靖年间，当时倭寇侵犯杭州，雷峰塔再次把火焚，仅剩塔身屹立于西湖之滨这种情形一直持续到清末民初，雷峰塔终因不堪重负而倒塌了关于雷峰塔倒塌的原因，历史上也很有争论，一般来讲有两种说法，前两年在清理雷峰塔遗址的时候，发现有相当一部分的塔砖一侧有一个小洞，在洞里有佛经而在过去，老百姓们以讹传讹将经砖传成金砖，纷纷将塔砖拿回家，从而导致塔的倒塌此说法之一说法之二，由于江南自古就是鱼米之乡，而杭州又是丝茶之府，历史上的杭州就盛产丝绸，而每年蚕宝宝吐丝结茧之时由于多种原因，往往有大量的蚕茧死亡，过去的人迷信，误以为蚕茧中了邪，而雷峰塔是镇妖的白蛇，以为将雷峰塔的砖放在家里，就可以抵挡妖邪的侵蚀，你家养蚕拿一块，他家求财拿一块，久而久之，塔身特别是塔基由于老百姓的破坏，加上当权者的漠不关心，雷峰塔终于在1924年9月25日下午1点40分轰然倒塌

The history new system , which in turn took five kinds of forms of society as the universal historical rule, established and presented he history theories, such as "five artificial flowers with gold-foil" and so on, impelling the new history to make the remarkable progress.

在五十年代末到六十年代初的史学界对历史主义批判，引发了对翦伯赞、吴晗等史学家的政治迫害，戚本禹提出&为革命而研究历史&，在文革时期历史学发展成为具有鲜明主观唯心色彩的&影射史学&，历史学完全成为政治的工具。

Based on the extent Jataka murals, the thesis aims to analyze and discuss the style and space of Jataka murals imploying the relevant artistic theories home, aboard, and ideas from Buddhist history, culture history, and art history.

本文从莫高窟现存的本生故事壁画出发，以其图式和空间为切入点，并综合佛教史、文化史和美术史，以及相关的中外艺术理论，对本生故事壁画的图式风格和空间形态进行了分析和论述。

Often I have visited the New York Museum of Natural History to touch with my hands many of the objects there exhibited, but I have longed to see with my eyes the condensed history of the earth and its inhabitants displayed there-animals and the race of men pictured in their native environment, gigantic carcasses of dinosaurs and mastodons which roamed the earth long before man appeared, with his tiny stature and powerful brain, to conquer the animal kingdom, realistic presentations of the processes of evolution in animals, in man, and in the implements which man has used to fashion for himself a secure home on this planet, and a thousand and one other aspects of natural history.

我经常到纽约自然历史博物馆去，用双手无数次地抚摸过那里陈列的展品，我多么渴望能用自己的眼睛看一看这浓缩的地球的历史，以及陈列在那里的地球上的居民--各种动物和以他们生活的天然环境为背景描绘的不同肤色的人种；以及早在人类出现以前就漫游在地球上的恐龙和柱牙象的巨大骨架，当时的人类靠自己矮小的身躯和发达的大脑征服了动物的王国；还有表现动物和人类进化过程的逼真画面，和人类用来为自己在这个星球上建造安全居处的工具，以及另外许许多多自然历史的其他方面的事物。

Often I have visited the New York Museum of Natural History to touch with my hands many of the objects there exhibited, but I have longed to see with my eyes the condensed history of the earth and its inhabitants displayed there - animals and the races of men pictured in their native environment; gigantic carcasses of dinosaurs and mastodons which roamed the earth long before man appeared, with his tiny stature and powerful brain, to conquer the animal kingdom; realistic presentations of the processes of development in animals, in man, and in the implements which man has used to fashion for himself a secure home on this planet; and a thousand and one other aspects of natural history.

但我渴望亲眼看到地球和那里陈列的地球上居民的浓缩历史－－－在他们自然环境里展示出的动物和人类种族；曾在人类出现之前，很早就在地球上漫游的巨大恐龙和柱牙象骨架，人类以他小巧的身材和强有力的大脑征服了动物王国；动物，人类和人类工具的发展过程的逼真展现，人类曾用这些工具在这个星球上来建造他们安全的家园，还有其它许许多多的自然历史方面。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。