查询词典 heat radiation

According to the studied results at present, the studied objects are mainly thin plate and beam about sound radiation mode, a method computed sound radiation mode of complex structure is presented in this dissertation, according to the results of the previous two chapter, a theoretical method to solve acoustical radiation mode and acoustical radiation efficiency of complex structure by boundary element method and acoustical radiation theory is posed, the acoustical radiation power is expressed as a Hermitian quadratic form, while the radiation modes is determined by general eigenvalue decomposing, and then the radiation efficiency is computed via the orthodoxy of radiation modes with regard to impedance matrix and average velocity matrix; lastly, the validity of the method is proved by pulsating sphere and radiating cube with analytical results. According to results of the form three chapter, the structure sound radiation sensitivity is studied in detail, the sound radiation power of structure can be expressed as positive Hermitian quadratic form, the sound radiation sensitivity can be expressed as two parts by partial differential with respect to design variable, which are sensitivity of boundary velocity and impedance matrix, combined with the theory of FEM and BEM, the structure sound radiation can be translated to the analysis of structure dynamic sensitivity and impedance matrix sensitivity. The theory posted in this dissertation is tested by the FEM software ANSYS and the software AAS programmed by author.

在前几章的基础上，通过结构声辐射的模态理论对结构的声辐射的机理进行了深入地探讨，针对目前声辐射模态的研究对象主要是简单的板和梁类结构，提出了一种计算复杂结构声辐射模态的方法，利用前两章研究所得的结论，将边界元方法与广义特征值的理论结合起来研究了复杂结构的声辐射模态与声辐射效率，先将结构的声辐射功率表示为一个正定的厄米特二(来源：ABb7C论文0909网www.abclunwen.com)次型，运用广义特征值分解求解了复杂结构的声辐射模态，然后利用声辐射模态关于阻抗矩阵与均方速度耦合矩阵的正交性，求解了复杂结构的声辐射效率，最后用具有解析解的脉动球与辐射立方体验证了该方法的有效性。

Based on a computing model of floor heating residences, indoor thermal environment and heat distribution under the effect of heat charge/discharge, operation control and solar radiation has been concluded. Concept and formula of equivalent heat supply has been put forward which indicate that actual heat supply will be equal to the sum of design heat supply and equivalent heat supply. Recommend coefficient has been given taken Dalian as an example. Computed according to the new method, design heat supply can be reduced to 37% in cloudy day and 43.3% in sunny day, energy saving effect is very obvious. In Tromb wall solar house, effect of concrete wall on indoor temperature swing and attenuation of temperature wave is very obvious. While the outdoor air-temperature swing exceeds 10℃, indoor air-temperature swing belows 3℃. In the experiment, maximal difference in temperature between inner surface and outer surface of the 300mm wall exceeded 10℃. Heat storage and collector efficiency varies adversely according to solar radiation. Factors such as thickness, material, absorptance of the wall and permeation of the glass cover all have big influence on heat storage and collector efficiency. There exsisted an optimal thickness of the wall, which can make the best of heat storage and collector efficiency. Most of the heat stored in conventional Trombe wall during the daytime has been lost to the outside at night without heat preservation. Heat preservation on the outside surface of the wall has effectively improved heat release performance of the wall at night, heat supply to the room has increased too.

通过建立的地板采暖系统动态热性能分析模型，得出了在蓄放热特性、运行方式和太阳辐射等因素耦合作用下的室内热环境及热量分配比例，提出了等效供热量的概念及计算公式，指出实际所需供热量应等于设计供热量加上等效供热量，并以大连为例，给出了等效供热量的修正系数，以新方法计算，阴天可减少设计供热量37％，晴天最大可以减少设计供热量43.3％，节能效果显著；集热蓄热墙式太阳房中，混凝土蓄热墙的室温均一化效果和对温度波的削减作用非常明显，当室外温度波动最大幅度超过10℃时，室温波幅不超过3℃，实验中300mm厚墙体内外表面温差超过10℃；墙体蓄热效率与集热效率随太阳辐射照度的变化呈相反的变化趋势；墙体厚度、材料、表面吸收率以及盖板透过率等因素对集热和蓄热效率均有较大的影响，存在一个最佳的墙体厚度值，使得墙体集热和蓄热综合性能最优；传统的蓄热墙夜间没有外保温，辐射散热损失很大，研究表明墙体外保温方式明显改善了蓄热墙夜间的散热性能，增加了向室内的供热量。

The method of CFD numerical simulation is employed to replace experimental investigation. Hence, STAR-CD of the commercial software is used to simulate the outer flow field and heat transfer performance of integrated heat sink with heat pipes cooled by airflow. It is found that simulated results agree with experimental results well, which indicates that simulation method is reasonable and reliable. Further, simulated computations for different fin thickness, fin pitches and air velocities are performed to analyze their effects on heat transfer performance of heat sink. Finally, a new optimized structure of integrated heat sink with heat pipes is provided to meet future demands for cooling CPU and its heat transfer is also evaluated. For multi-heat source and higher dissipation power of electronic devices, the integrated heat sink with heat pipes attatched fins stagged in different positions of channels is presented and its flow and temperature fields are also simulated to enhance heat transfer. As a conclusion, all mentioned above are useful for the design of heat sink with excellent efficiency of heat dissipation and further research.

应用商业软件Star-CD对CPU集成热管散热器的外部流场和传热特性进行了数值模拟，将数值模拟结果和试验结果对比，验证了所提出的数值计算方法是可靠和可行的；利用此数值模拟方法对CPU集成热管散热器在不同散热翅片间距、厚度和气流速度下散热器的流动与传热性能进行了数值计算，分析了这些参数的变化对散热器传热性能的影响；针对未来CPU冷却的要求，确定了与最优气体流速匹配的最佳翅片间距、厚度的CPU集成热管散热器的新结构；利用试验评测了根据数值模拟提供的新结构开发出的新CPU集成热管散热器的传热性能；最后在场协同强化传热的理论的基础上，对CPU集成热管散热器的散热翅片错位排列来强化散热器的散热，满足未来大功率、多热源的电子元件的散热，为今后进一步优化散热器提供了依据。

--- Method and apparatus for abstracting water from air wherein in a first phase of a recurring cycle a stream of cool, moist air from the atmosphere first cools a first heat storage condenser (1) and then humidifies a hygroscopic medium (14); in a second phase a stream of warm air additionally heated by solar radiation expels moisture from the hygroscopic medium and carries the moisture into said first heat storage condenser (1) where it condenses, releasing condensation heat, and drains away; in a third phase another stream of cool, moist air from the atmosphere first cools a second heat storage condenser (2) and then rehumidifies the hygroscopic medium, and in a fourth phase another stream of warm air heated by solar energy again expels the moisture from the hygroscopic medium and carries the moisture to said second heat storage condenser where it condenses and drains away, and wherein the warm air streams of the second and fourth phases, are preheated using the heat of condensation picked up by the said second heat storage condenser (2) in the fourth phase and the heat of condensation picked up by said first heat storage condenser (1) in the second phase, respectively, before being additionally heated by solar radiation and being used to expel moisture from the hygroscopic medium.

摘要---方法和仪器取水，从空气，其中在第一阶段的周期性循环流冷静，潮湿空气从大气中的第一冷却的第一个蓄热冷凝器（ 1 ），然后humidifies一吸湿中等（ 14 ）；在第二阶段流的暖空气此外，激烈的太阳辐射驱逐水分从吸湿中等，并进行水分成表示，第一蓄热冷凝器（ 1 ）凡它凝结，释放出凝结换热，及雨水渠的距离；在第三阶段另一流的冷静，潮湿空气从大气中冷却，第一第二蓄热冷凝器（ 2 ），然后rehumidifies该吸湿中等，而在第四个阶段的另一流的暖空气加热太阳能再次驱逐水分从中期和吸湿性带有水分说，第二蓄热冷凝器而凝结及排水渠远离，和其中的暖空气流，第二和第四阶段，预热用热凝结回升，由说，第二蓄热冷凝器（ 2 ）在第四个阶段和热凝结回升，由说，第一蓄热冷凝器（ 1 ）在第二个阶段，分别之前，此外激烈的太阳辐射和被用来驱逐水分从吸湿中等。

Some parameters such as Indoor radiation heat transfer, convective heat transfer, MRT, OT, radiation heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer coefficient, and PMV-PPD were calculated under a steady condition. From the result, we can conclude, when operation under the combination system and worst-case test, if floor temperature is about 21℃, supply air temperature is 21℃, air velocity is 1m/s, the equlvalent coefficient of heat transfer between floor temperature and OT is 13.6w/m2k, where 5.68w/m2k is equlvalent coefficient of radiant heat transfer, 9.48w/m2k is convective heat transfer coefficient. And when air velocity is higher, supply air temperature is lower, the radiant heat transfer between floor and others is lower. In the whole experiment, the floor temperature was keeping above the indoor air dew point, and condensation was not appeared.

通过分析计算，在复合式系统运行中，最不利室外环境下，当地面温度维持在21℃左右，送风温度21℃，送风风速1m/s，此时地板对作用温度的当量综合换热系数为13.6w/m2k，其中当量辐射换热系数为5.68w/m2k，对流换热系数为9.48w/m2k，并且送风速度越高、送风温度越低，地板与其他壁面的辐射换热量有一定程度的降低，但总供冷量增加；在整个实验中地板温度始终高于地板上层空气的露点温度，并未发现有结露现象；室内空气温度梯度能满足0.1m-1.1m的温差小于3℃的要求，并且适当提高送风温度可以进一步提高人体的热舒适性。

In the study of infrared radiation character, different species of tourmaline and Draviteoccurring in pegmatites from Hebei that are different in granularity and heattreatmenttemperature are chose for infrared radiation ratio testing. The result shows:The infraredradiation ratio of tourmaline powder is above 0.80 when the surrounding temperature is 20℃and the testing temperature is below 100℃;Schorl has a close infrared radiation ratio to Dravite,which is higher than Elbaite;No matter to Dravite or Schorl, as the content of ferric oxideincreases, the infrared radiation ratio decreases;tourmaline's size is smaller, its infraredradiation ratio is higher;after tourmaline is heat-treated under 800℃, its infrared radiation ratiodeclines;Dravite heat-treated at 800℃ has the highest infrared radiation ratio, 0.90;andDravite's structure suffers from destruction above 900℃ heattreatment, so its infrared radiationratio goes down.

在红外辐射特性的研究中，本文选择了不同种属电气石、不同粒度和不同热处理温度河北伟晶岩镁电气石进行红外发射率的测试，结果表明：在环境温度为20℃、测试温度为100℃下，电气石粉体红外发射率均在0.80以上；铁、镁电气石红外发射率相近，且大于锂电气石；不论在铁电气石还是在镁电气石中，随氧化铁质量分数的增加，红外辐射率下降；电气石粒径越小，红外发射率越高；电气石在低于800℃以下温度的热处理后，红外发射率下降，800℃热处理电气石红外发射率最高，为0.90，900℃以上电气石结构遭到破坏，红外发射率降低。

CAS radiation technology services company in Shanghai of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of radiation technology company in Shanghai's technology subsidiary, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences radiation technology company in 1989 by the Chinese Academy of Sciences of Nuclear Science and Physical and Chemical led the organization of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, owned by high-energy physics Shanghai by the atomic nucleus, Lanzhou Modern Physics, Plasma Physics in Hefei, the Changchun Applied Chemistry, Hefei Chinese Scientific and Technical University jointly established a joint venture and technical input, built for the cable factory in Yantai, Changshu Cable Factory, Liyang Cable Factory, Huaian cable factory Electronic contracting, such as the establishment of a special radiation cross-linking cable production lines and a number of radiation center and computer and new materials production base, by the relevant State Council ministries and provincial and municipal leaders on the importance and recognition, that was the first national high-tech Enterprise units, radiation technology company in 2002 to reform the merger into a new high-tech companies, and the Shanghai Technology Services Division of the Department of independent legal entities and by relying on the Chinese nuclear radiation and high-tech base for the successful trial production of 200-nanometer tetrafluoroethylene Ethylene special engineering plastics ultra-fine powder, consisting mainly expected to add new type of dispersing agent, detergent, antioxidant Kangfu agent, the preparation of a motor vehicle and vessel efficient use of lubricating oil additives series.

中国科学院辐射技术公司上海服务部系原中国科学院辐射技术公司在上海的技术子公司，而中国科学院辐射技术公司是1989年由中科院数理化局核科学处牵头组织中国科学院所属的高能物理所，上海原子核所、兰州近代物理所、合肥等离子物理所、长春应用化学所、合肥中国科技大学共同合资并投入技术建立的，建成后为烟台电缆厂、常熟电缆厂、溧阳电缆厂、淮安电缆厂等承包建立了电子辐照交联特种电缆生产线和一批辐照中心和计算机及新材料生产基地，受到国务院有关部委和有关省市领导的重视和表扬，并被国家认定的第一批高技术企业单位，2002年辐射技术公司进行体制改革合并成新的高技术公司，而上海技术服务部系独立法人单位并依托中科院原子核所辐照基地的高新技术及试制成功的200纳米聚四氟乙烯特种工程塑料超细粉，以此为主料加上新型的分散剂、清净剂、抗氧抗腐剂等，配制成汽车用和船舶用的高效润滑油系列添加剂。

Water inside vacuum heat- collection tubes; since the hot medium inside vacuum tubes floats up and cold one goes down due to respective specific gravity, hot and cold mediums convections up and down to cause the heat conduction, furthermore transfer the heat to the related working medium in the heat tubes, the working medium sorbs the potential heat and becomes steam to rise up to the condensing section from the tube heat evaporating section; it emits the heat in condensing section to change again into liquid working medium; it flows back to evaporating section under the gravity action, the emitted heat is transferred into the water inside water tank or tube group by means of the heat-conduction through heat tubes condensing section; it makes the cold water in water tank into hot water in the repeated way.

阳光透过全玻璃真空集热管的外玻璃，照射到涂覆在内玻璃管外表面的选择性吸收涂层上，涂层将太阳的辐射能吸收并转化为热能，通过内玻璃管壁导热，传递给真空集热管内其液态传热介质，由于真空集热管内热的介质因比重小而上浮，冷的介质因比重大而下沉，冷热介质上下对流传热和导热，再通过热管的金属壁导热，将热量传递给热管内其相变工质，工质吸收汽化潜热而变成蒸汽，由热管蒸发段上升到冷凝段，在冷凝段放热冷凝，又变成液态工质，在重力作用下流回蒸发段，所放出的热量通过热管冷凝段金属管壁导热，传递给水箱或联集管内的冷水，周而复始，于是便将水箱内的冷水全部加热成热水。

Shadow effect can not be neglected for thermal analysis of spacecraft,Accroding to the angle between solar light and antenna orbit plane and its orbit location,analytical geometry method was used for accurately calculating solar radiation heat flux distribution of reflector surfaces.To analyze the temperature field under heat flux,the formulations of net radiation flux density between two gray elements and the net flux density of gray surface under external thermal flux were deduced.Based on the characteristic of space environment,the nonlinear temperature distribution in transverse direction of reflector shell self radiation were considered,the finite element formulations were given for orthogonal material layered shell by Galerkin method.A layered element including a inner heat source layer was proposed,and the finite element formulation expressed by DOF of the inner heat source layer were put forward with temperature and heat flux boundarys between adjacent layer.

单馈反射面赋形天线是未来星载天线发展的一个重要形式，分析了基于物理光学、几何光学和几何绕射理论的理想反射面辐射场；介绍了基于几何光学的反射面天线赋形方法；针对赋形过程中辐射场的快速分析要求，比较分析了基于物理光学的Fourier-Bessel和Jacobi-Bessel级数展开方法以及GB展开分析方法；利用GB展开快速分析方法在20GHz频率下对0.6m口径的天线进行赋形分析，实现中国大陆的30dB增益覆盖，通过数值计算研究了固定增益期望下的口径尺寸随频率的变化，以及频率为20GHz的不同尺寸天线赋形后的覆盖目标区域最大增益的变化情况。

Based on the radiation characteristic of air speedy object, taking into account the synthetic influence factors of the real configuration of object, sun radiation, space long-wave radiation and the environment radiation around object, a further study for the effect of scarfskin pneumatic heating up, used equivalent resistance to estimate inner heat-resource and gave prominence to the influence on scarfskin radiation caused by engine heat-scattering, a logical and effective IR imaging simulation model for airplane is presented in this paper.

从红外辐射和热传导基本定律出发，综合考虑目标实际结构、太阳辐射、天空长波辐射、气动加热及周围环境辐射等因素的影响，依据空中快速目标热辐射特性，分析气动加热对飞机蒙皮辐射的作用，运用等效热阻对内热源部分进行估算，突出发动机传热部分对飞机整体辐射产生的影响，并建立一种可靠实用的空中飞机红外成像仿真模型，仿真过程中结合对空实拍红外图像进行动态调整，目标模拟结果真实感较强。

You have to walk your own alk in this life.

次生中你必须走自己的路。

To start with, the thesis analyses ***ism in terms of the generic masculine words, word order and semantic derogation of women in greater detail.

论文首先从阳性词泛指，词序，词义的贬降等方面对英语中的性别歧视现象进行了详细的分析。