查询词典 heat flow

The effects of variable properties on flow and heat transfer were also studied. 1. SIMPLEC algorithm was used to simulate the laminar natural convection flow in horizontal concentric annuli with the assumption of constant properties. Numerical studies range are as follows: Ra〓 number 100～10〓, radius ratio 1. 2～10.Velocity and temperature distribution profile and the heat transfer result were derived. The comparison of heat transfer results under the boundary condition of constant heat flux and constant wall temperature was also made.

对水平同心套管内层流自然对流采用SIMPLEC算法进行了数值模拟，在〓，半径比1.2～10范围内使用定物性假设进行了计算，得到有关温度和速度的分布以及相应的换热结果，并比较了内壁面分别处于定热流和定壁温条件下换热结果的差异，根据换热计算的结果整理并拟合有关的换热关联式。

On the basis of the conservation equation of continuous medium and in combination with mechanics of fluid through porous media and the heat transfer theory in porous media, conservation equations in porous media (continuous equation, momentum equation and energy equation ) are derived, When constructing the downhole temperature model, heat transfer in a wellbore is considered as the heat transfer in a vertical tube, the flow in a wellbore considered as sufficiently parallel flow, heat transfer in injection zones considered as heat conduction and convection in porous media, the flow in injection zones considered as flow through porous media, heat transfer in adjacent rocks considered as heat conduction in porous media.

在建立井下温度场模型时，把井筒的传热看作是竖直圆管中传热问题，把井筒的流动看作是充分发展的层流流动；把注入层中的传热看作是多孔介质中导热和对流的传热问题，把注入层中的流动看作是渗流；把围岩中的传热看作是多孔介质中导热问题。

First is enhances the boiler the heat energy transfer rate,(1) changes the vertical chimney to the horizontal-type chimney, reduces the speed of flow, Increase the time which the actuating medium and the boiler hot flame doing heat change;(2) changes the high temperature system sole medium sole heat transfer area to many kinds of medium the multi-channel heat transfer area(2-6 medium, 2-6 heat transfer area, this article takes four medium, 4 heat transfer areas confer elaboration), the increase heat transfer flow path through many times heat absorption,Lets the pot furnace coal flame heat energy as far as possible much transmit gives the actuating medium, Enables the quantity transfer rate from the present 60%--75% enhances to is bigger than 95

第一是提高锅炉的热能转移率，（1）将立式烟囱改为卧式烟囱，降低流速，增加工作介质与锅炉热焰气的热交换时间；（2）将高温系统单一介质的单一换热区改为多种介质的多道换热区（2—6种介质， 2—6道换热区，本文取四种介质，4道换热区加予论述），增加换热流程，通过多次吸热，让工作介质尽可能多地把锅炉煤焰气的热能传递给工作介质，使能量转移率从现在的60%--75%提高到大于95

Based on the deep research of structure characteristics of the shell-side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and laws of fluid flow and heat transfer, the concept of "sideling flow" in the shell-side is presented for the first time, which is relative to the flow states of the cross-flow, the longitudinal-flow and the helical-flow.

在上述壳程流体&斜向流&状态理念的指导下，首次研制开发了新型高效节能管壳式换热器—帘式折流片换热器，改进和发展了换热器壳程的结构形式，实现了壳程流体的斜向流动。

The method of CFD numerical simulation is employed to replace experimental investigation. Hence, STAR-CD of the commercial software is used to simulate the outer flow field and heat transfer performance of integrated heat sink with heat pipes cooled by airflow. It is found that simulated results agree with experimental results well, which indicates that simulation method is reasonable and reliable. Further, simulated computations for different fin thickness, fin pitches and air velocities are performed to analyze their effects on heat transfer performance of heat sink. Finally, a new optimized structure of integrated heat sink with heat pipes is provided to meet future demands for cooling CPU and its heat transfer is also evaluated. For multi-heat source and higher dissipation power of electronic devices, the integrated heat sink with heat pipes attatched fins stagged in different positions of channels is presented and its flow and temperature fields are also simulated to enhance heat transfer. As a conclusion, all mentioned above are useful for the design of heat sink with excellent efficiency of heat dissipation and further research.

应用商业软件Star-CD对CPU集成热管散热器的外部流场和传热特性进行了数值模拟，将数值模拟结果和试验结果对比，验证了所提出的数值计算方法是可靠和可行的；利用此数值模拟方法对CPU集成热管散热器在不同散热翅片间距、厚度和气流速度下散热器的流动与传热性能进行了数值计算，分析了这些参数的变化对散热器传热性能的影响；针对未来CPU冷却的要求，确定了与最优气体流速匹配的最佳翅片间距、厚度的CPU集成热管散热器的新结构；利用试验评测了根据数值模拟提供的新结构开发出的新CPU集成热管散热器的传热性能；最后在场协同强化传热的理论的基础上，对CPU集成热管散热器的散热翅片错位排列来强化散热器的散热，满足未来大功率、多热源的电子元件的散热，为今后进一步优化散热器提供了依据。

For example, a regenerative reheating furnace fluid flow and heat transfer is researched, which has simplified the flow and heat transfer of hot air stove according to its real operating conditions.The fluid flow and heat transfer of a hot air stove are numerically simulated by using finite volume method or finite difference method,which bases on the heat transfer equation,flow equation of the gas and heat balance equation.

根据热风炉的实际运行状况对蓄热式热风炉内的流动换热过程进行了合理的简化，并基于热传导方程、气体流动方程和气体的热平衡方程，建立了蓄热体的非稳态传热模型，在对模型利用有限差分法和有限容积法得到离散方程的基础上，采用C 语言编制了模拟计算程序。

The major works are as follows: 1 The 3-D numerical model of U-sharp flow passages is set up. The single-phase fluid flow and heat transfer are simulated for the U-sharp smooth and rib-roughened flow passages with FLUENT software. Their performance curves, temperature field and velocity vector are obtained and the local heat transfer and flow pressure-drop distribution along flow passage are analyzed. It is revealed that the ribbed flow passages can enhance heat-transfer and make the temperature more uniform, but it increases the pressure-drop to more extent. 2 The influences of diaphragm depth, channel width and board spacing on the performance are investigated.

建立了层叠式蒸发器U形流道的3维湍流模型，用FLUENT软件对尺寸相同的U形光滑流道和肋化流道中单相流体的传热和流动进行了数值模拟，得到了两种流道的传热和阻力性能关系曲线及速度矢量图、温度场，分析了光滑流道和肋化流道的局部换热系数及沿程压降变化，结果表明流道的肋化能有效的增强传热，而且使流体的流动和传热更加均匀，但也较大地增大了阻力。

The highest heat transfer coefficient for air flowing in the nine 3-D IFT with staggered arrangement fins is No9 tube. In the turbulent region, the heat transfer coefficient of No9 tube is a factor of 10.36 compared with smooth tube, and its thermodynamic performance coefficient is as high as 6.49; The average Nusselt number in the most superior 3-D IFT with staggered arrangement can be increased by about 1.04 times in the laminar flow, and 6.38 times in the transitional flow as compared with that in the smooth tube. The friction factor between fluid and tube wall can be 0.96 times in laminar flow, and 12.68 times in transitional flow as compared with that inside the smooth tube.

在进行实验的九根肋叉排三维内肋管中，换热最强的No9管与光管相比，在紊流区的换热强化比平均可达10.36倍，阻力增大比约为4.06倍，其热力性能系数高达6.49；在过渡流区的换热强化比平均可达6.38倍，同时阻力增大比约12.68倍；在层流区的换热强化比为1.04倍，而阻力增大比仅约0.96倍。

The flow parameters, which controlled the heat transfer phenomena in the coolant channel of the piston, are identified; the experimental facilities and program will be established in accordance with the parametric conditions experienced by a real marine diesel engine. The experimental result for the flow within smooth-walled duct under the reciprocating motion will be used as the reference datum to assess the results for the study of heat transfer augmentation. As an attempt to enhance the cooling performance, the ribs will be installed in the coolant channels which flow was orthogonal mode for the piston moving direction. Finally, the results obtained for the tests with heat transfer augmentation devices will be compared with the smooth-walled test results.

本研究计画利用座标转换理论，对受到与往复运动正交方向之流场进行参数分析，建立控制此流场热传性能之参数后，模拟实际船舶主机运转时活塞之冷却情形并进行实验量测，作为评估活塞冷却之基准，然后应用现行已实用於工业界的技术，在与往复运动正交方向之圆形冷却通道中加装凸起物以增加热传效能并予以测量其热传系数及其相关之物理现象，据以讨论此流场受往复力之影响，在周向不同位置之热传情形以及其与平行於往复运动方向之流场的差异。

Thermoelectric modules are high heat-flow devices. Three caloric effects, i.e. the Peltier, Fourier and Joule effects, play a part in the process of refrigeration cycle, in which the Peltier effect is the most important one.

半导体制冷器是一种高热流密度器件，在其制冷循环过程中，有珀尔帖、傅立叶和焦耳三种热效应在共同起作用，其中珀尔帖热效应是半导体制冷的基础。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。