查询词典 hard earnings

Besides, I also find that firms report negative earnings for fiscal year, which have less current and future earnings response coefficient than report positive earnings, and firms report negative cash flows from operating for fiscal year, which have less current cash flow response coefficient than report positive cash flows. Indicating that firms report negative earnings or cash flow, because losses are more transitory and which stock prices less information but which future cash flow response coefficient more than report positive cash flows. Inference of this study because cash flow have substance effect, so when firms have negative cash flows investor more care about it, which have more cash flow response coefficient, and further find while distinguishing the degree of sophisiticated investor, investor the sophisiticated degree proportion is higher. Because they know information of the earnings, firms have more degree of shareholder sophistication for fiscal year, which have more current and future earnings response coefficient than which have less.

此外，本文也发现报导损失之公司，其当期及未来盈余反应系数较报导利润之公司低，以及公司报导营业活动之现金流量为负时其当期营业活动之现金流量反应系数低於报导营业活动之现金流量为正之公司，显示公司报导损失或营业活动之现金流量为负时，因为通常都是暂时性的故其股票报酬的资讯性较低，不过其未来营业活动之现金流量反应系数高於报导营业活动之现金流量为正之公司，本研究推论因为现金流量是有实质的效果，所以当现金流量为负值时投资人应该会比较关注，所以其反应系数较高，而进一步发现当区分投资人之精明程度时，投资人精明程度比重较高，因其会辨识盈余资讯而认为公司进行损益平稳化会增加其资讯内涵，故当期及未来盈余反应系数相较於投资人精明程度较低者高。

"Look-Through" Earnings We've previously discussed look-through earnings, which consist of:(1) the operating earnings reported in the previous section, plus;(2) the retained operating earnings of major investees that, under GAAP accounting, are not reflected in our profits, less;(3) an allowance for the tax that would be paid by Berkshire if these retained earnings of investees had instead been distributed to us.

Second， we recorded significantly lower - though 4 透视盈余之前我们曾经讨论过透视盈余，其主要的组成份子有(1)前段所提到的帐列盈余，加上(2)主要被投资公司的保留盈余，按一般公认会计原则未反应在我们公司帐上的盈余，扣除(3)若这些未反应的盈余分配给我们时，估计可能要缴的所得税。

This paper studied the earnings managements of the listed companies by dividing the accrual into above-the-line accruals and below-the-line accruals. And for above-the-line accruals and below-the-line accruals of 2002, I divided above-the-line-accruals into working capital accruals and nonworking capital accruals. Then I used modified Jones model by adding industry variables to study the new characteristics of earnings management in 2002. This paper provides evidence that the listed companies still used below-the-line accruals as the main earnings management instrument. On the other hand the listed companies also used working capital accruals as one of their earnings management instruments. On the basis of the studies above, I build two proxies of the earnings management.

本文首先通过对2002年上市公司盈余管理的分项实证研究来观察各种制度实施后上市公司利用线下项目进行盈余管理是否得到了一定的遏制，实证过程中采用修正的横截面JONES模型加入行业变量并经过适当变形对上市公司年报线上项目和线下项目，并进一步将线上项目分解出营运资金相关项目和非相关项目两项进行盈余管理的实证研究，发现企业对线下项目的操纵仍然在企业盈余管理中占据主要地位，但从某种程度上看，线下利润的操纵得到了一定的抑制，另外企业对营运资金应计项目的盈余管理也是显著的。

Accounting earnings can provide value relevant information to investors in China′s stock market.We choose the persistence of earnings, one of the factors that contribute to the quality of accounting earnings, as the start point of our research and use the profit from principal operations as the proxy variable of permanent earnings to examine whether the market can differentiate the accounting earnings of different persistence.

在其他研究证明了中国上市公司的会计盈余具有信息含量的基础上，本文选择了影响会计盈余质量诸因素中的一个方面———会计盈余的持续性作为研究的出发点，以在上海证券交易所上市的股票为研究对象，用主营业务利润作为公司永久性盈余的表征变量，检验市场能否区分持续性不同的会计盈余。

By taking into account the latest developments of earnings management of listed companies in China and beyond, this paper swifts its attention to the restrictive factors of earnings management, and takes the key factors that restrict earnings management-accounting standards as the point of entry, and, on the basis of building a theoretical framework for earnings management, elaborates on the relationship between the earnings management and accounting standards of listed companies in a systematic manner for the first time.

以制约盈余管理的关键因素——会计准则作为切入点，在构建盈余管理理论框架的基础上，首次系统论证了上市公司盈余管理与会计准则制定之间的关系问题。

As we calculate them, look-through earnings consist of:(1) the operating earnings reported in the previous section, plus;(2) the retained operating earnings of major investees that, under GAAP accounting, are not reflected in our profits, less;(3) an allowance for the tax that would be paid by Berkshire if these retained earnings of investees had instead been distributed to us.

长期而言，如果我们的实质价值想要以每年 15%的幅度来成长的话，那么透视盈余每年也必须增加以这个幅度来成长，几年前我第一次提到这个观念时曾表示，到公元 2000 年为止，伯克希尔若要以 15%的目标，透视盈余必须成长 18 亿美元以上，而由于 1993 年我们又发行了一些新股，所以现在的门槛提高到 18.5 亿美元。

Look-Through Earnings Reported earnings are a poor measure of economic progress at Berkshire, in part because the numbers shown in the table presented earlier include only the dividends we receive from investees -- though these dividends typically represent only a small fraction of the earnings attributable to our ownership. Not that we mind this division of money, since on balance we regard the undistributed earnings of investees as more valuable to us than the portion paid out.

完整透视盈余我们认为帐列盈余很难表现伯克希尔实际的营运状况，部份原因在于列示在本公司帐上的股利收入，事实上仅占被投资公司收益的一小部份，其实我们并不要求盈余一定要分配，事实上对我们而言，我们更重视未分配的那一部份，因为他们极可能为我们创造出更高的价值，原因很简单，因为我们的被投资公司往往比母公司更有机会把资金投入到高投资报酬的用途之上，既然如此又何必一定要强迫他们把盈余分配回来呢？

The analysis reveals that:(1) Because there isn"t significant relationship between earnings management and management compensation, managers don"t have a notable motivation on self-benefit basis to reinforce earnings management for increase their compensation level;(2) The Stock Options Incentive stimulate managers on earnings management, the higher management stock proportion, the higher earnings management of listed companies.

本文通过实证研究发现：(1)由于我国上市公司盈余管理程度与管理层薪酬水平之间不存在高度相关关系，管理层出于自利目的，为提高其薪酬水平而进行盈余管理的动机不显著；(2)我国上市公司的股权激励制度刺激了管理层的盈余管理行为，管理层股权激励程度与盈余管理之间呈显著正相关关系，管理层持股比例越高，上市公司盈余管理程度就越高。

There are obvious differences among the economic finance and accounting theory to explain earnings. The contemporary model of accounting earnings that based on accrual basis for accounting and historical-cost system is hard to show the level of earnings quality.

经济学、财务学和会计学对盈余的理论解释存在明显差异，现行会计盈余的确定模式基于权责发生制和历史成本原则，导致会计盈余信息存在固有缺陷，难以体现其质量水平。

In doing back-up data, we followed the work to be done is to switch to a system running DOS, and DOS command line in the implementation of "fdisk / mbr" command string to try to repair the hard disk of soft failure occurred ; if such a repair method to try is invalid, then we can go online to download and install the hard drive Bad Track professional testing tool to double-check the local hard disk in the phenomenon of the existence of Bad Track, Bad Track If you can not find the hard disk, it can not detect hard drive through the phenomenon is likely to be caused by the logic of failure, when the only thing we can use the way is hard to find the logic of the corresponding brand Bad Track Repair Repair Tool to re-click the hard disk, I believe that case the hard disk will be able to detect the phenomenon can not be resolved the.

在做好数据的备份工作后，我们接下来要做的工作就是将系统切换到 DOS 运行状态，并在 DOS 命令行中执行" fdisk /mbr "字符串命令，来尝试修复硬盘中发生的软故障；要是这种修复方法尝试无效的话，我们可以到网上下载安装一些专业的硬盘坏道检测工具，来仔细检查本地硬盘中是否存在坏道现象，如果找不到硬盘坏道的话，那硬盘检测无法通过的现象很可能是逻辑故障引起的，此时我们唯一可以使用的办法就是找到对应品牌硬盘的逻辑坏道修复工具来重新修复一下硬盘，相信这么一来硬盘检测无法通过现象就能被解决了。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48