查询词典 hard currency

They believe that the currency is the currency of gold and silver.On the basis of the data concerned,this essay poses new standpoints:we may divide the process of currency s emergence into five.We mayn t equate currency with currency gold and silver,the currency comes earlier than the currency of gold and ...

本文提出了新观点：认为根据有关的资料，也可以把货币的产生过程划分为五个阶段，不把货币与金银货币划等号，认为货币的产生应早于金银货币，并阐明了提出以上新观点的依据。

RMB regionalization is the process of RMB taking as international currency in East Asia. This process is the result of market choice, of which been taken RMB as transactions currency , quotation currency and asset currency in private department, then it also taken as intervention currency, unit-of-account currency and reserve currency in office department.

人民币区域化是人民币跨越国界实现货币职能的发展过程，是以市场为基础的货币选择结果，即人民币成为东亚区域贸易的支付媒介、计价单位和结算货币，进而逐步实现人民币作为区域内的国际债权、债务的记账单位和储备货币，并最终成为外汇市场上干预汇率的干预货币。

Don't knowing is the contriver which throws a currency machine to proceed from neglecting towards holding false currency to allow or, I feel it should dig the slot of false currency to descend to go to then extend again another on packing the place of coin, is also say the false currency puts a place, true the currency put a place.

不知是投币器的发明者是出于对持假币的任慈还是疏忽，我觉得它应该把出假币的槽挖下去然后再延伸到另一装硬币的地方，也就是说假币放一个地方，真币放一个地方。

This paper includes several parts: first, some important concepts of the thesis have been defined, a theoretical overview of currency crisis has been finished; then, we have described the history of the international monetary system; later, three chapes have been arranged to discuss the mechanism of currency crisis under fixed and floating and intermediate exchange rate system respectively. The part of the fixed exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of the collapse of the international gold standard system, the Bretton Woods system and the the European Monetary System; in the part of the floating exchange rate system, the volatility problem under freely floating exchange rate system has been studied; the part of the intermediate exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of currency crises in regional dollar standard system and the currency board system. And finally, we have analysed the inevitability of the appearance of new type regional monetary cooperation patterns, and how these cooperations avoid currency crises.

本文主要包括这样几部分：首先，对论文中涉及到的重要概念给予界定，并对货币危机理论进行系统梳理；接着，按时间顺序从总体上回忆国际货币制度的历史演进；然后，用三个章节分别研究了固定汇率制度、浮动汇率制度以及中间汇率制度下货币危机的形成机理，其中，固定汇率制度下的货币危机主要包括国际金本位制度和布雷顿森林体系的崩溃，以及欧洲货币体系的瓦解；浮动汇率制度下的货币危机，则重点分析了自由浮动汇率制度下汇率的过度波动问题；中间汇率制度下的货币危机，分别分析了区域美元本位及货币局制度下货币危机的发生机理；最后，分析了目前新型区域货币合作模式出现的必然性，及各模式下如何规避货币危机。

Convertible debenture loan investment 可转换债券贷款投资 convertible release (of 18% currency) Release by Bank member of its 18% currency for lending or relending, with permission granted to the Bank to exchange the 18% currency for the currency of any other member.

对18%的当地货币解除可转换限制世界银行会员国解除其作为贷款或再贷款之用的18%的当地货币的限制，允许世界银行把18%的本国货币转换成其他任何会员国的货币。

However, during the same period in the sphere of commodity and currency exchange and circulation, the exchange rate between copper-bronze currency and printed currency was lower than one hang, and so the inflated cost of copper-bronze currency was at odds with its value.

而同一时期商品货币流通领域铜钱对纹银的兑换却低于一两，钱价高昂，钱价与钱值相悖。

Currency: the India's Monetary unit for the rupee, 1 Rs = 100 paise coin's currency value has 5, 2, 1 Rs and 50, 25, 10 and 5 paise, the paper money currency value has 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 Rs and so on, a dollar most place is not general, the international airport has the currency exchange place, India's many banks are equipped with the office at the airport, may choose at will, various exchange rate slightly has the difference, but the difference is not big.

货币： 印度的货币单位为卢比，1 Rs = 100 paise硬币的面额有 5、2、1 Rs 及 50、25、10 及 5 paise，纸币的面额有 500、100、50、20、10、5、2、1 Rs 等，美金多数地方不通用，国际机场有货币兑换处，印度的多家银行都在机场设有办事处，可随意选择，各家汇率略有差别，但差别不大。

Convertible release (of 18% currency) Release by Bank member of its 18% currency for lending or relending, with permission granted to the Bank to exchange the 18% currency for the currency of any other member.

解除可转换限制世界银行会员国解除其作为贷款或再贷款之用的18%的当地货币的限制，允许世界银行把18%的本国货币转换成其他任何会员国的货币。

For example: the needs of commodity circulation in the same volume of gold and silver currency, and the note issuance, more than double the amount of gold and silver currency units notes on the gold and silver currency units represent only the Value of 1 / 2, and in these circumstances If using notes to measure prices, the rising price has doubled, and this is what is commonly known as currency depreciation.

比如：商品流通中所需要的金银货币量不变，而纸币发行量超过了金银货币量的一倍，单位纸币就只能代表单位金银货币价值量的1/2，在这种情况下，如果用纸币来计量物价，物价就上涨了一倍，这就是通常所说的货币贬值。

It can identify the denomination and paper currency and seek out deformity. Concerning shortages of the previsions design of Paper Currency Identification Instrument, such as poor seeking-out deformity and defective unity of paper currency between new version and old one, a new identifying method is promoted in the thesis that Eight-line Seeking-points Method based on regional gray scale and paper currency sample database is on service by means of the points from paper-scanned background edge looking for the points on the paper edge.

本文针对当前国内图像识别技术在纸币清分机中的应用不成熟而导致对人民币挑残能力弱、在人民币新旧程度和面向分类中的一致性差的情况，提出了一种基于区域灰度特征提取的八线找点算法和区间估计建立标准样本库相结合的图像识别方法。

According to our present broadcasting situation,the thesis proposes using new technology to update and reform the present HFC. It also suggests broadcasting using self-advantage and arranging EPON in order to win the supermarket.

论文从我国广电的现状出发，结合实际，积极倡导采用新技术更新、改造我国现有的HFC网络；倡导广电现阶段利用自身优势，部署EPON网络来赢取市场。

A new general kinetic equation was derived in which the effect of the removal of condensation water was taken into account completely, and was applied to the polyesterification kinetic study of AA/HPHP and AA/NPG. It was found that the reaction order of self-catalyzed polyesterification was not constant. For these polyesterifications, the reaction order was 2.5 at a low temperature, while 3.0 at a high temperature.

考虑缩合水的排除对反应体系的影响，用体积浓度单位推导出一个新的聚酯反应总包动力学方程，并应用到AA/HPHP和AA/NPG两个聚酯化反应的动力学研究中，研究发现，自催化聚酯反应的反应级数并不是固定值，对于AA/HPHP和AA/NPG两个聚酯化反应而言，低温时反应级数为2.5，高温时反应级数为3.0。