查询词典 hae

Other studies hae shown that nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke hae about a 20 percent higher risk of lung cancer. They are also at a higher risk of asthma and perinatal complications such as sudden infant death syndrome.

其他研究曾经发现暴露在吸烟环境的非吸烟者比常人的肺癌的几率高20%，他们也有更高的风险会得哮喘和围产期并发症比如婴儿猝死综合症。

According to the publication's first author, Dany Adams, Ph.D., Assistant Research Inestigator at the Forsyth Institute, applied electric fields hae long been known to enhance regeneration in amphibia, and in fact hae led to clinical trials in human patients.

依照该文章的第一作者、Forsyth的助理研究员Dany Adams博士的陈述，很久以前就知道应用电场可以增强两栖类动物的再生，实际上在人类患者已经开始了临床试验。

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

All animals that taste hae taste buds, but there are differences, for example humans hae more (around 200) taste papillae than mice, and they are arranged in a different pattern.

所有的动物的味觉都有味蕾，但是也有差异，例如比起人类有更多的舌乳头体(大约200个)，并且它们的排列方式也不同。

The researchers used the Lesch typology to classify patients into four types of alcohol dependence: type 1, those who suffer from heay alcohol withdrawal and use alcohol to weaken the withdrawal symptoms; type 2, indicating those who use alcohol for its anxiolytic effects; type 3 ("depression"), coering patients who hae an underlying affectie disorder that accounts for the alcohol abuse; and type 4 ("adaptation"), applied to those who hae premorbid cerebral defects, behaioral disorders, and a high social burden.

研究者使用lesch类型学把病人分为四种酒精依赖型：1型，那些遭受沉重酒精戒断症状并使用酒精减轻戒断症状的人；2型，表示那些依赖酒精的镇静效果的人；3型，涵盖有可导致酗酒行为的潜在情感障碍的病人；而第4型，适用于那些有病前脑缺陷、行为失常或有很高社会负担的人。

Also, the sample of motiated, highly educated, physically healthy olunteers concerned about age-related memory problems could hae resulted in higher alues for FDDNP-PET binding, and concern about memory problems could hae been a subtle sign of presymptomatic disease in some of the controls.

另外，在较为关注年龄相关记忆问题的主动的、高学历、身体健康的志愿者中，可能产生FDDNP-PET的较大值，在对照组中某些人当中，对记忆问题的关注可能是疾病发生前症状的一个敏锐标志。

Scientists hae long assumed that the physical structure and condition of stream and rier channels hae perasie effects on biological communities and processes, but specific tests are few.

长期以来，科学家认为河道的结构、形态能影响生物群落和生命过程，但相关研究较少。

The transition from the systemic inflammatory response syndrome to seere sepsis and septic shock inoles a myriad of pathogenic changes, including circulatory abnormalities that result in global tissue hypoxia.1,2 These pathogenic changes hae been the therapeutic target of preious outcome studies.12 Although this transition occurs oer time, both out of the hospital and in the hospital, in outcome studies interentions hae usually been initiated after admission to the intensie care unit.12 In studies of goal-directed hemodynamic optimization, in particular, there was no benefit in terms of outcome with respect to normal and supranormal hemodynamic end points, as well as those guided by mixed enous oxygen saturation.9,13 In contrast, een though we enrolled patients with lower central enous oxygen saturation and lower central enous pressure than those studied by Gattinoni et al.9 and with a higher lactate concentration than those studied by Hayes et al.,13 we found significant benefits with respect to outcome when goal-directed therapy was applied at an earlier stage of disease.

从全身炎症反应综合征转为严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克牵涉大量发病的变化，包括导致全身性缺氧的循环紊乱。这些发病的变化成为先前结果研究的治疗学目标。尽管这些转变随着时间的流失而逐渐出现，既可以在院外，也可在院内，在结果研究中，干预措施往往在进入ICU之后才启动。特别的，在那些目标导向血流动力学最优化研究中，依照结果，那些以正常或超正常血流动力学为终点的措施未能显示出益处，以混合静脉血氧饱和度为导向的研究同样如此。

What worries Berger and other allergists is that preentie medicines hae to be taken when a patient is feeling fine -- before symptoms occur. And if the medication is working, patients who usually feel great hae to remember to take their daily dose.

Berger和其它过敏专科医师所担心的是，预防药物必须在症状发生之前，病人感觉还不错的时候服用，而且如果药物治疗有效的话，平常感觉不错的患者必须记得他们每天要服用的剂量。

We thank the many thousands of doctors who hae enabled this research by freely contributing anonymised data to QRESEARCH without which this work would not hae been possible.

我们还要感谢数以千计的医生为QRESEARCH免费提供匿名数据，从而使这项研究得以完成，否则的话这项工作是不可能做到的。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷