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By low temperature (145K) deposition method, we prepared such flat Pb films on the Si (111) substrate over a wide thickness range (from 10ML to 32ML). The unique growth behaviors were investigated by RHEED, STM and ARPES. A critical thickness of 10ML is established, at which the atomically flat Pb films become stable at room temperature. Between 10ML and 20ML, the growth exhibits a quasi bi-layer growth mode. Above 21ML, a layer-by-layer growth mode was observed.

采用低温生长的方法（衬底温度145K），通过对生长条件的优化，我们在Si（111）衬底上制备出了具有原子级平整度的Pb 薄膜，用STM 和ARPES确定了其特殊的生长模式：室温下成膜的临界厚度是10ML，随后是一种双层生长模式，覆盖度高于21ML 时，薄膜生长基本上是层状生长的模式。

According to thefunction, the conclusions for L.olgensis and C.lanceolata are asfollows:1CCF＜200,showing growth with constant tree number;2200≤CCF≤300 transition from growth with constant tree number to theself-thinning,in other words,the change of SDI can be described aslinear combination between the growth with constant tree number andthe self-thinning;3CCF＞300,growth in the self-thinning.

建立了CCF与林分密度指数和单位面积林木株数之间的函数关系式，并对长白落叶松和杉木得出：(1)CCF＜200。林分为等株数生长：(2)200≤CCF≤300时。为等株数生长向自然稀疏生长的过渡期，该期间林分密度指数的变化可用等株数生长和自然稀疏生长的线性组合来表达：(3)CCF＞300时，林分为完全的自然稀疏生长

The results show that the growth rate of tetrapod ZnO is controlled by spiral growth and its crystallization is via VLS model. The condensation of tiny zinc droplets in zinc vapor is the key factor of the formation of tetrapod ZnO. The growth steps are formed on the terminated faces as zinc diffuses outwards and the elongation of whiskers continues until zinc inside the droplets is depleted. VS crystallization, which has little effect on the elongation growth, takes place on side faces of the whiskers and consequently makes the whiskers radius increase.

结果表明： T-ZnO晶须的结晶作用是气-液-固方式，晶须生长受螺旋生长机理控制；锌蒸气中产生凝聚生长的锌液滴是制备T-ZnO晶须的关键，锌从液滴内向外扩散在晶须的端面产生生长台阶，随着液滴内的原子向外不断扩散，针体部分就不断地伸长生长，当液滴内的原子全部消耗尽时，晶须便不再发生轴向生长；气-固方式的作用主要是促进晶须棱面生长而使晶须变粗，对轴向生长几乎没有影响。

Daily-growth increment of otolith and growth of Japanese parrotfish were studied and research objects were taken from Zhoushan Fishries Research Institute in April 2009. Microscopic observation was performed on the growth of the otolith during the embryonic development of artificially fertilized eggs and the formation of the first daily growth increment on otolith of larvae.

2009年4月15日－5月5日在浙江省舟山水产研究所条石鲷人工繁殖期间，逐日选择胚胎和仔鱼样本，连续解剖观察发育后期胚胎和前期仔鱼，光镜观察仔鱼矢耳石和微耳石的形态、日轮数，测定其直径，研究条石鲷的耳石日轮和生长。

The α-BaB〓O〓 crystal is colorless, transparent and without cracking. The cracking problem has been overcome by a special growth procedure. The dislocation density, crystallization morphology and growth habit of α-BaB〓O〓 crystal have been systematically studied by chemical etching method, X-ray laue orientation of synchrotron radiation, double-crystal diffraction topography. The growth striation and irregular dislocation consist of the primary defect in α-BaB〓O〓 crystal. The convex solid-liquid interface is stable during the whole growth process.

在国际上首次采用提拉法生长出φ50×40mm〓的α-BaB〓O〓晶体，生长方向为[0001]，晶体完整、无色透明；提出了三种固相反应的原料制备方法，并保证B〓O〓过量1mol%；采用独特的生长装置和程序有效地解决了α-BaB〓O〓晶体易开裂的问题；首先采用化学腐蚀法、白光X射线衍射术、X射线双晶衍射形貌术等研究了α-BaB〓O〓晶体的位错密度；首次采用同步辐射X射线劳埃定向术研究了α-BaB〓O〓晶体的结晶形态及生长习性；结果发现α-BaB〓O〓晶体的缺陷以位错为主，部分α-BaB〓O〓晶体中存在生长条纹。

From 1978 to 2000, there was not σ-convergence of the PGDP growth in Jiangsu province; From 1984 to 1993 and since 1999, there was not σ-convergence of the per capital net income of rural households growth, but from 1993 to 1999, there was a -convergence; From 1978 to 2000, there was not absolute β-convergence of the PGDP growth in Jiangsu province, but there was conditional β-convergence and the convergence intensity was feeble, half-lifecycle is comparative long, the least half -time of the undeveloped region will catch up with the developed region was 115 years; From 1994 to 2000, there was club-convergence hi the northern Jiangsu and the Middle Jiangsu, but there was not club-convergence in the northern Jiangsu.

第四，基于经济增长收敛的理论与方法，对江苏省区域经济发展的收敛性进行了研究。1978一2000年，江苏省人均GDP总体上不存在u一收敛；农民人均纯收入增长在1 984一1993年及1999年以后不存在a一收敛、在1993一1999期间存在a一收敛；1978-2 000年，人均GDP增长总体上不存在绝对p一收敛，但存在条件p一收敛，收敛的程度较弱，半生命周期比较长，落后区域要缩小与发达区域经济差异的一半最少也需要115年；1 994一2000年，在经济比较发达的苏南和苏中内部存在俱乐部收敛，在苏北内部不存在俱乐部收敛趋势。

From the industry to observe,the author discovers that the regional gap of the secondary industry was the primary contributor,but the rate of was descending.The third industry was becoming the important contributor.The industry structure adjusting and the agglomeration of the third industry and the secondary industry are the primary reason of the forming of the disparity of between the east and the rest areas.In the 1978 to 2005,the absolute convergence of economic growth didn't occur,the other way round,the club convergence of economic growth occurred in the east and in the middle.The speed of the economic growth in the east was higher about 1 centigrade than the middle and the developing west,and was higher about 2 centigrade than the west.

从以省区为单元的中国地区经济发展差距形成的产业构成来看，第二产业的地区差距长期以来都是中国地区经济发展差距的主要贡献者，居主导地位：但是随着第三产业产值比重的提高和第三产业地理集聚的非均衡性扩大(1990年以后)，第三产业的地区差距正逐渐演变为以省区为单元的中国地区经济发展差距形成的主要贡献者。1978-2005年期间，中国地区经济增长并没有出现绝对收敛趋势，而是表现为东中部地区内部的"俱乐部"收敛。1978-2005年东部地区经济增长速度比中西部地区更快，东部地区平均经济增长速度比中部地区高1个百分点左右，比西部地区高接近2个百分点，地区间经济增长速度存在显著的差异。

The results showed: the Berberis heteropoda pigment could effectively inhibit the growth of theE scherichiac oli, the calyx pigment ofP hysalis alkekengi coulde ffectively inhibit the growth of the Bacterium proteus, the concentrated liquid of Rhodiola sachalinensis could effectively inhibit the growth of the Bac.

结果发现：小檗色素对大肠杆菌抑菌作用最强，酸浆花萼色素对变形杆菌抑菌作用最强，红景天浓缩液对枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌作用最强，小茴香浓缩液对四种待试菌无抑菌作用；小檗色素对四种待试菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度分别为：枯草芽孢杆菌MIC2。

In this study, I compared cotyledon development in isocotylous European Gesneriaceae species to Streptocarpus rexii, their sister clade species with true anisocotyly. The results of cotyledon size measurement showed that European Gesneriaceae species exhibit nearly equal cell growth rate and thus maintain both cotyledons in the same size. But in Streptocarpus rexii, growth rate between macrocotyledon and microcotyledon was different thus altered cotyledon allometry growth.

我们藉由比较欧洲苦苣苔成员及仍具备子叶不等大发育的模式物种堇兰间的发育及形态差异，经由子叶面积大小的测量，欧洲苦苣苔成员两片子叶呈现相似的生长速率，因此维持两片子叶等大的特徵，然而堇兰的大小子叶的确具有不同的生长速率，使得堇兰两片子叶异速生长并造成堇兰子叶不等大的特性。

By considering the trait of the artery and anabranch of the Three-Gorges reservoir and analyzing the environmental elements influencing the growth of the algae, we improved on thenutrition dynamic model of the algae"s growth, carried on computer numerical value simulating on the evolvement process of the eutrophication of the Wujiang River, the Hanjiang River and the Three Gorges reservoir by cell mapping algorithm and revealed the dynamics action and mutation forms in the process of the valleys" algae blooms and the relationship between the major elements influencing the algaes growth and the model surge function.

本文结合三峡水库干、支流水体环境特点，通过对影响流域水体藻类生长的环境因素进行分析，改进藻类生长营养动力学模型，并利用胞映射算法对乌江、汉江和库区流域富营养化演化性态进行了计算机数值模拟和仿真分析，揭示流域水华发生过程的动力学行为、混沌性态和流域水质中主要藻类生长控制因子与模型振荡函数间的关系。

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。

As long as foreign donors pay the PA's salary bill, few expect a new intifada.

只要外国继续为巴权力机构的薪水买单，希望发动新暴动的人便寥寥无几。