查询词典 group by group

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Without utility function, group preference relation on alternative set was constructed in this paper by means of efficient numbers of alternatives, which are described by Pareto efficient solutions of a group of multiobjective decision making problems respectively considered by decision makers.

本文撇开效用函数的介入，直接依据由各多目标决策问题的Pareto有效解表示的供选方案的有效数，引进了决策群体在供选方案集上的偏爱关系。

Without utility function, group preference relation on alternative set was constructed in this paper by means of efficient numbers of a lternatives, which are described by Pareto efficient solutions of a group of mul tiobjective decision making problems respectively considered by decision makers.

一些学 者曾借助群体效用函数引进群体多目标决策问题有关效用解的概念，并且给出若干求解的方法。本文撇开效用函数的介入，直接依据由各多目标决策问题的Pareto有效解表示的供选方案的有效数，引进了决策群体在供选方案集上的偏爱关系。

Accuracy between two groups was calculated byχ~2 test.Calculate the average effective radiation dose of the 30 patients.Results In group A,seventeen patients underwent both DSCT coronary angiography and SCAG,among 255 segments of 17 patients,105 lesion sites of 70 segments were diagnosed stenosis or obstruction,of them,95 lesion sites were confirmed by SCAG.The accuracy of DSCTCA was 90.48%.The agreement of two methods have a high agreement(Kappa =0.853).In group B,13 patients underwent both DSCT coronary angiography and SCAG,among 195 segments of 13 patients,73 lesion sites of 57 segments were diagnosed stenosis or obstruction, of them,65 lesion sites were confirmed by SCAG.The accuracy of DSCTCA was 89.04%.The agreement of two methods have a high agreement(Kappa =0.835). There was no significant difference(χ~2=0.098,p＞0.05) between the accuracy of two groups.The effective radiation dose of 30 patients was 3.67±0.43 mSv.Conclusion Compared with SCAG,prospectively ECG-gated transverse DSCT is a valuable examination to detect and diagnose coronary artery disease with a low dose coronary angiography.The accuracy of the DSCT is approximate to the SCAG.There was no significant difference between the accuracy of two groups.

结果200例患者均成功完成了适应性前瞻性心电门控双源CT冠状动脉血管成像；30例同期行SCAG检查的患者，A组17例：HR≤75 bpm，可评价冠状动脉节段255个，70个冠状动脉节段有105处不同程度的狭窄，95处狭窄程度与金标准SCAG相符，其阳性诊断准确率为90.48%；2种方法的诊断结果得到了较高的一致性(Kappa值=0.853)。B组13例；HR≥91 bpm，可评价冠状动脉节段195个，57个冠状动脉节段有73处不同程度的狭窄，65处狭窄程度与SCAG相符，其阳性诊断准确率为89.04%；2种方法的诊断结果得到了较高的一致性(Kappa值=0.835)。2个心率组间的诊断准确率无明显统计学差异(x~2=0.098，p＞0.05)。30例患者的平均有效辐射剂量为3.67±0.43 mSv结论适应性前瞻性心电门控双源CT冠状动脉成像是一种有效减低辐射剂量的扫描方式，其诊断准确率与金标准SCAG相比得到较高的一致性，且高、低2个心率组间诊断准确率无明显统计学差异。

Methods 68 patients with severe hepatitis were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group (n=42) were treated with 10mg phentolamine mesilate, 160mg hepatocyte growth-promoting factors once daily by intravenous drip, and 1.6mg thymosin α1, two weekly by subcutis. The control group (n=26) was given 160mg PHGF once daily by intravenous drip. Two groups were given other composite treatment. Before and after treatment, blood test, hepatic function and coagulation function of the two groups were detected respectively.

68例重型肝炎患者随机分为2组，治疗组（42例）给予酚妥拉明10mg，PHGF 160mg每日1次静脉滴注，胸腺肽α1 1.6mg，每周2次皮下注射；对照组（26例）给予PHGF 160mg，每日1次静脉滴注，两组疗程均为1月，分别观察2组病例治疗前后的血常规、肝功能、凝血功能等指标。

DQ group included 30 cases treated by routine treatment and 30 cases treated by integrated TCM and western medicine.30 cases healthy people were enrolled as normal control group. All subjects were hemospasiaed venomously under fasting condition. ELISA measured the markers including TNF-α and IL-6 before and after treatment, as well as SOD and MDA were measured by biochemistry.

空腹抽取肘静脉血，采用ELISA法检测血清TNF-α、IL-6水平，化学比色法检测血清SOD、MDA水平，研究慢性乙型肝炎治疗前后TNF-α、IL-6、SOD、MDA及证候积分变化，探讨各指标与湿热蕴脾证、脾胃气虚证的关系。

When the 3-keto glycosides was reduced by sodium borohydride, the D-allo configuration was considered the most probable since it has an equatorial arylamino group at C-2 position and reduction of the keto group was considerably less hindered to equatorial attack by borohydride ion to give an axial hydroxyl, than axial attack by borohydride to give an equatorial hydroxyl.

并对反应的立体化学问题进行了讨论，认为该反应的立体专一性是由于向下直立键上的1-位α-甲氧基和2-位向下平伏键上芳胺基大基团的共同影响，造成内侧进攻受阻，而使得氢负离子只能从外侧进攻的结果。

The structural and photocatalytic properties of TiO〓 as well as surface acidity were greatly improved by sulfation. SO〓〓/TiO〓 solid superacid with Hammett constant Ho less than -12.14 was prepared by treating the TiO〓 with 1.0mol. L〓 sulfuric acid solution and then calcining at 450℃ for 3h. When compared to unmodified TiO〓, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst exhibited higher anatase content, smaller crystal size, higher specific surface area, centralized pore size distribution, and the blue-shifted band edge of uv-vis adsorption spectra. Furthermore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid also showed excellent reaction activity and stability for CH〓Br photocatalytic decomposition even under the moist reaction conditions. The apparent quantum efficiency of SO〓〓/TiO〓 was 10 times of that of TiO〓 catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane. Therefore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst is promising for practical application in environmental remediation.It was found that both L and B acid sites exist on SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst while only L acid sites on TiO〓 photocatalyst. On the basis of experimental results, the synergistic model of superacidic centers was proposed for SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst to explain the photocatalytic behavior and the mechanism of superacidifing effects, assuming that the adjacent L and B acid sites induced by SO〓〓 comprise cooperatively the superacidic center on superacid photocatalyst. The group cooperation of the superacidic center could strengthen the surface acidity, increase surface acid sites and the adsorbtion of O〓, promote separation of photogenerated electron-hole pair, enhance the interfacial transfer of charges and reversibility of water adsorption. Consequently the excellent photocatalytic activity, reaction stability and resistibility to humidity of SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid photocatalyst may attributed to the group cooperated effect of the superacidic center on the photocatalyst.

研究结果表明：SO〓〓与TiO〓表面的结合为螯合式双配位结构；TiO〓光催化剂表面经H〓SO〓浸渍处理后，提高了表面酸性，改善了催化剂结构和光催化性能，当H〓SO〓浸渍浓度为1.0mol.L〓、烧结温度为450℃时，可制得SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂(H〓＜-12.14)，其结构和光催化活性得到明显改善，与TiO〓相比，SO〓〓/TiO〓光催化剂的锐钛矿含量高、晶粒小、BET比表面积大、孔径分布集中、光谱吸收边蓝移，具有优异的光催化氧化活性、稳定性及抗湿性能，光催化降解溴代甲烷的表观量子效率比TiO〓催化剂提高了一个数量级，是一种有实际应用前景的高效光催化剂；由此提出了SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面集团协同作用的超强酸中心模型，认为在SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面，由SO〓〓诱导的相邻L酸中心和B酸中心组成了集团协同作用的超强酸中心，其集团协同作用显著地增强了催化剂表面酸性、增大了表面酸量及O〓吸附量、促进了光生电子和空穴的分离及界面电荷转移，具有可逆吸附水的性能，是SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂具有优异的光催化氧化活性、很好的活性稳定性及抗湿性能的重要原因。

Methods There were 100 cases in normal group and 36 cases in group of chest injuries. All cases were performed in volume scan according to conventional chest scan by SIEMENS Sensation 4 MSCT , then performed in thin slice low and high contrast image reconstructions. After that, all the source images were input into CT 3D work stations,costicartilage were imaged by post process software such as multiplanar reconstructions, maximum intensity projection, surface shade display and volume rendering technique. All the pictures were observed and analyzed by two radiologists.

利用西门子Sensation 4 多层螺旋CT机按照胸部常规扫描条件对胸部外伤组36例和对照组100例患者进行容积扫描，然后进行薄层低对比及高对比图像重建，并将重建图像导入CT三维（3D）工作站，利用多平面重建成像、最大密度投影、表面遮盖法成像及容积成像技术对图像进行后处理，由2名CT诊断医生一起对各种后处理图像进行观察和分析。

Methods The PCO rat models, prepared by pregnancy hormone combine with human chorionic gonadotrophin, randomly divided into four group as control, model, Chinese crude drug and western medicine group; The levels of serum gonadal hormone were detected by radioimmunoassay; The effects of ZYC on ovaries and ovarial follicular development were observed by light microscope; And the expression level of TNF-α was detected with the immunohistochemical staining technique.

采用孕激素联合人绒毛膜促性腺激素造模法制备PCO模型大鼠。随机分为对照组、PCO模型组、PCO模型组+助孕胶囊组、PCO模型组+克罗米酚组，运用放免法测定血清性激素水平的变化；光镜观察卵巢、卵泡发育的影响，免疫组化学法检测卵巢组织肿瘤坏死因子α表达水平。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。