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Using DC and AC poling methods, three groups of polarized PZT/P 70/30composites have been prepared by poling only the ceramic phase(1), both ceramic and polymerphases in the same(2) and opposite(3) directions. Piezoelectric coefficients of group 1 compositesincrease as the PZT content increasing, while for group 2 composites, the piezoelectric coefficientschange the sign with increasing PZT content because piezoelectricity of copolymer is increasinglycompensated by that of PZT, and PZT content for zero-〓 isn't that for zero-〓. The experimentdata of both group 1 and 2 composites agree well with EMT-Shin model.

对复合材料的压电性能：只极化PZT粒子相的复合材料的压电系数随陶瓷分数的增大而增大，PZT粒子相与共聚物基体同向极化的复合材料的压电系数由于两相效应的部分抵消，随陶瓷含量的增大，发生符号的改变，且〓和〓零点不重合，它们与EMT-Shin模型都符合较好；而两相反向极化的复合材料的压电系数由于AC反向极化会导致陶瓷相极化程度的下降，导致实验值和理论预期偏差较大，尤其在PZT粒子高含量区。

Forty patients were divided at random into two groups with 20 patients in each group.Patients in group I were administered by themselves a mixture of propofol (20mg) and fentanyl (10μg) in increments using a Graseby PCA infuser (lockout period 1 min) to achieve sedation;patients in group Ⅱ received propofol 3.6mg .kg－1.h－1 and fentanyl 1.8μg－1.kg－1.h－1 continuously intravenously by the anesthesiologist to achieve intra-operative sedation.

40例下腹部手术病人随机分为两组(n=20)，PCS组病人应用Graseby PCA 注射泵(锁定时间1分钟)自我控制用药，PCS单次用药量为异丙酚20mg加芬太尼10μg；DCS组病人微量泵连续静注异丙酚3.6mg.kg－1.h－1和芬太尼1.8μg.kg－1.h－1。

The recipients were divided into three groups:allograft control group, allograft experimental group and isograft control group. After 60 days of transplant, vascular intimal thickness in all of the groups was observed by histological examination. The expression of PCNA and α-SMA was determined by immunohistochemistry.

动物分为3组：(1)异系移植对照组；(2)异系移植实验组；(3)同系移植对照组。60d后对移植动脉行病理组织学检测，观察移植动脉内膜增生程度，并行免疫组织化学染色检测移植动脉增殖细胞核抗原和平滑肌肌动蛋白的表达情况。

But only partial changes of rhubarb laxation group and over-swimming group have a coherent trend to those of SAS clinical patents. Our improved over-fatigue method is better than rhubarb laxation method and over-swimming method. Proved by Sijunzi decoction treatment, the mice behave normally. All objective indexes are improved more distinctively than the group that resumes naturally. These prove that the SAS model is made successfully and meets the requirements of judgement for SAS animal model. In this model, SAS is caused possibly by largely released Gas, which results in increased contractile in small intestine, over-exudation of intestine and obstacle in absorption.

在所选的指标中，改良型劳倦过度组小鼠的变化均与临床脾虚证患者的变化趋势一致，且多数指标的变化较大黄组(大黄泻下法塑造脾虚证动物模型)和力竭游泳组(力竭游泳法塑造脾虚证动物模型)明显，而大黄组和力竭游泳组只有部分指标的变化与临床患者一致，因此，改良型劳倦过度法塑造脾虚证动物模型优于大黄泻下法和力竭游泳法。

He apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells could be observed one day after injury, increased by the 4th day, and reached a climax by the 7th day in the control group. Apoptosis of RGCs was detected with maniple at 4～10 days after injury in the experimental group and the rate of apoptosis in RGCs decreased significantly compared to the control group at 4～21 days.

UNEL染色及RGCs凋亡率：C组和D组在伤后第1天TUNEL染色可见凋亡细胞，第4天明显增多，至第7天达高峰。A组和C组在伤后第4～第10天仅可见少量的凋亡细胞，在第4～第21天，与B组、D组比较，RGCs凋亡率明显减少。

Methods: Twenty-four Kkay mice were divided into three groups(n=8):diabetes group,methionine-diet group,folic acid and vitamin B12 treatment group. C57Bl/6 mice were used as controls(C57). Four months later,the mice were sacrificed and their serum levels of Hcy,folic acid and vitamin B12 were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Pathological changes in kidneys were examined with the periodic acid schiff method with periodic acid-silver methenamine staining under electron microscope. Expression of MMP-9 protein or mRNA was detected by RT-PCR with immunohistochemical staining. Results: Different morphological changes of DN were found in Kkay mice.

Kkay糖尿病鼠随机分3组：糖尿病组、高蛋氨酸组和叶酸、维生素B12组，C57BL/6鼠为对照(C57)，以相应饲料喂养4个月后取材，测定血糖、血同型半胱氨酸、叶酸和维生素B12，以PAS、六氨银染色法光镜下及超微电镜观察各组DN病变，比较各组肾小球硬化指数；以免疫组化和半定量图像分析肾小球MMP-9蛋白表达，并以RT-PCR检测肾脏MMP-9 mRNA水平。

Cooperative learning, which is based on the theories of mordent social psychology, educational sociology, cognitive psychology and modern educational technology, makes full use of the dynamic elements in class and takes group work as its basic form. And the group members will negotiate and inquire to finish the tasks assigned by the teacher; the teacher will make assessments according to the achievements gained by the group.

合作学习是以现代社会心理学、教育社会学、认知心理学、现代教育技术等为理论基础，充分利用课堂中的动态因素，以小组活动为基本教学形式，小组成员通过协商、探讨，共同完成教师布置的任务；教师以小组成绩为评价依据，共同完成教学目标的一系列教学活动或策略。

Results In the control group, 68.6% motoneuron death of spinal cord occurred by 3 weeks following surgery, and the size of surviving motoneurons was significantly atrophy and NOS positive neurons increased. In the experimental group, the mortality was decreased by 35% as compared with that in the control group.

结果 对照组68.6%的神经元死亡，存活神经元胞体明显萎缩，同时表达NOS神经元增多；实验组的死亡率较对照组降低35%，存活神经元胞体无萎缩，表达NOS神经元未见增多。

Two classes of specific binding sites in the polymer matrix were investigated by Scatchard analysis, which indicated that two kinds of complexes between functional monomers and templates were formed before the polymerization process. Comparing with the structure of TNT and acrylamide, one kind of complex between TNT and acrylamide was strongly charge-transfer complexing interaction by p-πcomplex between electron-rich amino group of acrylamide and electron-deficiecy-benzene ring of TNT, the other was hydrogen bonding interaction between amino group (-NH_2) of acrylamide molecule nitro group (-NO_2) of TNT.

Scatchard分析结果表明，在TNT印记聚合物微球中存在两类结合位点，这表明在聚合反应之前，TNT与功能单体丙烯酰胺分子之间存在两种不同类型的作用力而自组装成两类的模板分子-功能单体复合物，一类可能是由于富电子的丙烯酰胺和缺电子的TNT的苯环通过p-π配键而形成的电荷转移复合物，另一类可能是由于丙烯酰胺的胺基与TNT的硝基之间的氢键作用而形成的复合物。

Methods The rat models of ARF were made with mercury perchloride by intraperitoneal injection.Five minutes later,the rats in nmhaFGF group and model group were respectively injected with 40 μg·kg-1 nmhaFGF and normal saline by lingual vein.The rats in control group were injected with normal saline.At the time of 30 min,90 min,24 h and 48 h,the contents of blood urea nitrogen,creatinine and urine protein were detected respectively.

腹腔注射氯化汞复制大鼠急性肾功能衰竭模型，5 min后，nmhaFGF组经舌静脉注射nmhaFGF 40 μg·kg-1，模型组经舌静脉注射等剂量的生理盐水，对照组大鼠麻醉后注射生理盐水，在30 min、90 min、24 h、48 h取血检测大鼠血液中尿素氮、肌酐和尿液中蛋白含量的变化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。