查询词典 grassland

We established a regression model between Grassland Health Index and visible/infrared and applied GHI in TM.

利用表征群落总量、放牧退化的主成份和草场健康指数(Grassland Health Index，GHI)与样方光谱反射率之间的相关性，建立了GHI与可见光、红外光因子的回归模型。

Results show that after CO2 increases double, the area of forest and rare tree steppe of grassland area in the North of China will increase, the area of the rest will decrease, and the distribution pale of most grassland vegetation have the trendency of moving westwardly and northwardly;moveover besides the area with very drought climate, the grassland production of most areas will increase at different extent, thereinto, the area of Qing—Zang have over 20% increase, the north area of Xinjiang have 10%—15% increase, the grassland production in NeiMongol have less than 5% increase.

结果表明，CO_2倍增后，中国北方草原区森林和稀树草原的面积增加，其余各类草地面积都有所减少，且大多数草地植被的分布界线都有西推北移的趋势；而除气候极干旱地区外，绝大部分地区草地生产力都有不同幅度的增加，其中青藏区增加幅度超过20%，新疆北部增加幅度在10%～15%之间，内蒙古自治区草地的生产力增加幅度不到5%。

The results showed that grassland and farmland were the main land use types of research area with obvious reciprocal transformation. Grassland was mainly transferred to farmland in 1975-1990. Farmland was chiefly converted to grassland, and grassland tended to increase in 1990-2004. The landscape diversity in the study area rose with the contagion index decreasing and fragmentation degree being intensified during 1975-2000. The advantageous patches maintained good connectivity with the increasing patch cohesion index and the decreasing landscape fragmentation during 2000-2004. The change of human interference intensity played an important role on the variation of land use structure. Land use intensity was mainly affected by the changes in population as well as national land use policies. In the following 20 years, the agriculture land area would tend to decrease, the grassland and unused land area would have a slight reduction by contrasting the increasing the forest land area notably.

结果表明，近30 a来，草地和农业用地面积在该研究区占居主导地位，并且它们之间发生着明显的相互转化。1975－1990年，草地主要向农业用地转移，1990－2004年农业用地主要转化为草地，草地面积增加；1975－2000年，研究区景观多样性升高，蔓延度指数下降，破碎化程度加剧；2000－2004年景观内优势斑块具有了很好的连接性，聚集度增大，整体景观格局破碎化程度降低；人为干扰强度的变化对土地利用结构的变化具有重要作用，土地利用强度主要受人口数量以及国家土地利用政策的影响；在未来20 a间农业用地面积会继续减小，草地、未利用土地面积将有小幅度降低，林地面积会显著增加。

Hulunbeir Grassland is the important parts of Eurasia plain and the famous Grassland in the world because of its typical half-clouding and variable zone grassland. Meanwhile it is protected relatively in good condition so far in our country, which is a nature grassland in highest-latitude and northernmost-location.

呼伦贝尔草原是欧亚大陆草原的重要组成部分，是世界著名的温带半湿润典型草原，也是我国迄今保护相对完好、纬度最高、位置最北的一块天然草地。

Results are as following:The causes of grassland desertification of Hulunbeir are the outcome of interaction of nature and the human beings. Among these reasons, the loose soil texture, which was formed in the fluviolacustrine sediment during Quaternary, establish the physical ground, and the drought and wind is the natural force of grassland desertification. And then over-cutting forest, over-grazing grassland, imbalance of resource utilization and estrepement reduce the coverage of vegetation, therefore provide necessary conditions for the grassland desertification.

其中，形成于第四纪河湖相沉积沙的疏松土壤母质，为日后土壤风蚀奠定了深厚的物质基础；干旱多风的气候条件构成了草地风蚀沙化的自然营运力；而人为过度砍伐沙地林木资源、沙质草地长期超载放牧、资源利用不平衡以及乱垦、滥挖等不合理经济行为，又降低了沙化草地植被覆盖度，为草地风蚀沙化提供了必要条件。

DGGE was used to study 16S rRNA (V3 region) of soil microbial community, the result shows that the structure of soil microbial community changed a lot, when the degeneration of grassland is progressing, especially the structure of soil microbial community in surface lamina; The structure of soil microbial community in podzolic horizon of hypo-surface lamina of the grassland degenerated heavily, is similar to soil microbial community in illuvial horizon of the typical grassland and the grassland degenerated lightly.

重度退化草原亚表层的灰化层细菌群落结构类似于典型草原和轻度退化草原的淀积层的细菌群落结构。

Seven different representative vegetation types of alpine grassland in Eastern Qilian Mountains, which were Rhododendron fruticosa shrub land, Salix cupularis fruticosa shrub land, Dasiphoru fruticosa shrub land, Polygonum grassland, Grass steppe, Swamp grassland and Kobresia grassland were selected to be experimental samples.

本文选取东祁连山七种具有代表性的高寒草地植被类型作为试验样地，即杜鹃灌丛(Rhododendron fruticosa shrub land)，高山柳灌丛(Salix cupularis fruticosa shrub land)，金露梅灌丛，珠芽蓼草地，禾草草地，沼泽草地，嵩草草地。

Based on the analyses above, the research proposes some suggestions for protecting herdsman's rights and interests and inhibiting grassland degradation. They are:(1) Building the system of grassland resources dynamic monitoring;(2) Promoting the transformation: the congnition of herdman on grassland degradation to action; and peasant household as the basic production unit to the unit of production +ecological construction;(3) Perfecting the Household Contract System, promoting the use right transfer, exploring the new mechanism of grassland utilization;(4) Changing the guiding ideology of policy and measurement from pursuing the supply of products to muliti-function of grassland;(5) Promoting the development of organic animal husbandry.

以这些分析结果与观点为基础，本研究提出一些有助于保护牧民利益、抑制草地退化的政策与建议：(1)建立草地资源动态监测体系；(2)促进两个转变：牧民对草地退化影响的认知向行为转化、牧户作为单纯的生产单位向生产与生态保护单位相统一转变；(3)在稳定、完善草场承包制度的基础上，以草地使用权流转为切入点，探索草地资源利用新机制；(4)政策与措施的指导思想要由单纯追求畜产品的供给向发挥草地生态系统多功能性转变；(5)将有机畜牧业可以作为转变生产方式的一个选择进行试点与发展

The result of simulation shows:(1) Different goals of production decision making have different influences on grassland degradation. The production decisions aiming at income maximization is more favorable for relieving grassland pressure that the ones aiming at scale maximization.(2) The effect of herdsman's self-restriction on inhibiting grassland degradation is not less then government mandatory regulation for the grassland utilization;(3) Under the situation of overgrazing, The price rise of livestock products will be helpful to decrease the breeding scale;(4) The application of production technology in risk reduction will be helpful to decrease the breeding scale.

对模拟结果的分析表明：(1)以收入最大化为目标的生产决策比以规模最大化为目标的生产决策更有利于缓解草场压力；(2)牧民的自我约束对抑制草地退化的效果不小于来自政府强制性约束的效果；(3)在目前超载过牧的情况下，价格上涨有助于降低饲养规模；(4)降低生产风险的生产技术进步有助于减少饲养规模。

P in Shule River Alluvial Fan Oasis in Gansu subsidized by CNSF. Through field geological and environmental observations and sampling, quartz OSL dating, organic carbon ~(14)C dating, as well as analysis of TOC,grain size and Pollen assemblage of the samples from ten sediment profiles in front fine grain sediment zone of the Shule River Fan, the results obtained as follows:(1)The vegetation evolution history on Shule River Alluvial Fan and circumjacent since about 13 ka B.P. could be divided into 6 phases: about 12.1-13.1ka, a sparse coniferous and broadleaf trees - shrub grassland, cold and wet climate; 9.2-12.1ka, shrub grassland, temperature rising but precipitation and humidity getting down; 5.8-9.2ka, sparse forest with the most flourish shrub grassland under the optimal climate; 4.3-5.8ka, coniferous and broadleaf mixed forests -shrub grassland, temperature rising slightly and getting dry; 4.3-2.8ka, grass vegetation and climate became more dry; 2.8-2.3ka, coniferous forests -shrub grassland, precipitation and temperature getting down, but a higher relative humidity.

本文依托于&甘肃疏勒河冲积扇5万年来古天气环境与古水文演化&项目，以疏勒河冲积扇为研究对象，通过对疏勒河冲积扇扇缘细土带全新世古天气和古水文演变进行了20余个剖面的观测和取样、石英OSL和~(14)C测年、粒度组成和TOC分析以及孢粉鉴定，获得了以下成果和熟悉：(1)距今约13ka年来冲积扇和周边植被演化经历了6个阶段：约13.1～12.1ka，以针叶林为主的针阔混交林～灌丛草原，天气冷湿；12.1～9.2ka，灌丛草原，气温升高，降水量较低；9.2～5.8ka，疏林灌木草原，植被茂盛，温度和降水最佳；5.8～4.3ka，以针叶树为主的针阔混交林～灌丛草原，气温较高，降水减少；4.3～2.8ka，草原植被，天气变干；2.8～2.3ka，针叶林～灌木草原，降水减少，温度降低，相对湿度有所增加。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。