查询词典 graphite

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.08-0.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.02-0.05 and 0.2 mm^3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2立方公厘左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.080.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.020.05 and 0.2 mm3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2 mm3左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Cyclic voltammetry indicated that there were Cr→Cr, Cr →Cr oxidation reaction on anode, while there were Cr→Cr, Cr→Cr, Cr →Cr deoxidization reaction on cathode. The graphite electrodes treated by acid and heating could enhance the reversibility and kinetic of the electrode reaction. The nature graphite electrodes had been eroded during charge/discharge process, while the graphite electrodes by activation could avoide corroding by hexad chromium ion. The reversibility and kinetic of the electrode reaction of chromium ion on activation electrode had been increased, so which indicated that graphite surface augment oxygenous function corps which could increase electrode hydrophile capability.

循环伏安实验表明：铬液流电池的电极反应非常复杂，在阳极存在Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr的氧化反应，在阴极存在Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr的还原反应；热处理的石墨电极和重铬酸钾处理的石墨电极能提高电极反应的活性和可逆性；在充放电实验中未处理的石墨电极发生严重腐蚀；分别用这两种方法处理过的石墨电极具有防止六价铬侵蚀的功能；铬离子在活化处理过的石墨电极上的反应活性和可逆性增加，可以认为：重铬酸钾溶液活化处理和加热处理后的石墨表面的含氧官能团增加，电极亲水性增强。

Because of the nondirectional property of ionic bond and the fully delocalized property of pi electrons on carbon layers, translation will not change the electronic structure of carbon layers, resulting in that A-GIC and AE-GIC hare quite good lubrication as well. The electrons come from metals mainly transfer to the delocalized pi orbitals of carbon layers, and the increase of delocalized electrons will make metal graphite intercalation compound more electro-conductive than graphite itself. Because ionic bond between metals and carbon layers is weaker and its lattice energy is much less than that of typical NaCl crystal, so metals could be left from interlayers. The Mulliken populations of C-C in intercalation compounds are smaller than that of graphite, and the HOMO energy level of GIC is higher than that of graphite too. These Lead to that GIC will easier be oxidized.

由于离子键没有方向性，又由于碳层中的π电子是充分离域的，所以碳层不会由于平移而改变其电子结构，金属石墨层间化合物仍具有很好的润滑性；金属失去的电子主要转移到碳层的离域π轨道中，碳层离域电子增多使金属石墨层间化合物的导电性比石墨增强；金属与碳层间的离子键强度比较弱，其晶格能远小于典型的离子晶体，因而金属易从石墨层中脱出；金属石墨层间化合物中的C-C间Mulliken布居值小于石墨中C-C间的值，且金属石墨层间化合物的HOMO能级也高于石墨的HOMO能级，所以石墨层间化合物中的碳原子较石墨更易被氧化。

Three, S, M Series Atomic Absorption Spectrometer using a new Echelle optical system, providing unmatched detection limit; unique four-button background deuterium lamp technology, a more accurate calibration results can be as high as 3A background correction ; patent protection Stockdale two-beam technology, has been very high sensitivity and signal to noise ratio; communicate unique background deduction Zeeman graphite furnace technology; unique ELC Long Life graphite tube; GFTV unique visualization technique by graphite furnace

三、 S 、 M 系列原子吸收光谱仪采用全新的中阶梯光栅光学系统，提供无与伦比的检出限；独特的四线氘灯扣背景技术，校正结果更准确，可校正高达3A 的背景；专利保护的 Stockdale 双光束技术，得到极高的灵敏度和信噪比；独特的交流塞曼石墨炉扣背景技术；独特的 ELC 长寿命石墨管；独特的 GFTV 石墨炉可视技术

The hydrogen chloride producing design needed the whole optimization design-aside of two-appulse-one hydrogen chloride graphite synthetic furnace system. With the analysis on the relation of different types of chillers and the productive forces, the YKB round pass graphite chiller, endwise wing drivepipe graphite cooling pipe and equipment design methods for graphite chiller modality were adopted.

氯化氢生产设计中缺少对二合一氯化氢石墨合成炉系统的整体优化设置，通过冷却器形式和系统生产能力的关系研究，确定石墨冷却器采用YKB型圆块孔式石墨冷却器，石墨冷却管采用纵向翅片管型套管式石墨冷却管。

By thermodynamically and dynamically calculating and analysing ,a new growth mechanism of spherical graphite has been proposed ,that is,the spherical graphite does not grow inwardly,but grow outwardly and when spherical graphite grow outwardly carbon atoms come into and fill-up the entocoele of spherical graphite by the diffusing way.

通过对石墨球最终表面的形态进行分析，可以获得气泡的表面并不是石墨球的最终表面，石墨球表面主要由于受到石墨球表面各微晶长大速度不均匀性、铁水中的三大起伏、微量元素与碳原子的竟相吸附、由于浓度梯度和温度梯度所引起铁水的对流等各种因素的综合影响结果使其表面成为凹凸起伏的形状

Selection of our products well, pure texture, the choice of materials are: acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, silicone, ethylene-propylene rubber, fluoride plastic, hydrogenated nitrile, Poly-resin, folder cloth, rubber, PU expected, polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon, POM, engineering plastics (such as high-strength performance PPS, PEEK) and graphite (such as ordinary graphite, high - Pure graphite impregnated graphite), ceramics, alloys, Pan-gen, synthetic materials, etc.

我们的产品选材精良、质地纯正，选用的材料有：丁腈胶、硅胶、乙丙胶、氟胶、氢化丁腈、聚安脂、夹布、橡塑、PU料、聚四氟乙烯、尼龙、聚甲醛、工程塑料（如高强性能PPS、PEEK等）；及石墨（如普通石墨、高纯石墨、浸渍石墨）、陶瓷、合金、盘根、合成材料等。

Selection of our products well, pure texture, the choice of materials are: acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, silicone, ethylene-propylene rubber, fluoride plastic, hydrogenated nitrile, poly - Fat, folder cloth, rubber, PU expected, polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon, POM, engineering plastics (such as high-strength performance PPS, PEEK) and graphite (such as ordinary graphite, high-purity graphite impregnated Graphite), ceramics, alloys, Pan-gen, synthetic materials.

我们的产品选材精良、质地纯正，选用的材料有：丁腈胶、硅胶、乙丙胶、氟胶、氢化丁腈、聚安脂、夹布、橡塑、PU料、聚四氟乙烯、尼龙、聚甲醛、工程塑料（如高强性能PPS、PEEK等）；及石墨（如普通石墨、高纯石墨、浸渍石墨）、陶瓷、合金、盘根、合成材料等。

Main Products: Packing series: expanded graphite packing, carbon fiber packing, aramid packing, expansion PTFE packing, asbestos packing gasket series: metal wound pad, metal-coated pad, metal tooth pad, PTFE-coated gaskets, disc spring gasket, high-strength graphite gasket, non-asbestos gasket, rubber mat films such as sheet metal gasket Products Series: graphite plates, tetrafluoroethylene plate, no°, mica board, fibreboard, rubber sheet, asbestos rubber sheet sealing equipment: metal coating machines, small and medium-sized winding machine, graphite opening machine, strip Open machine, plate rolling machine sealed packing: tower packing, soft filler products such as rubber seal: Rubber Parts, O-ring, the tool box sealing tools and other products: packing tools, gasket cutters special tools, such as sealed.

盘根系列：膨胀石墨盘根，碳纤维盘根，芳纶盘根，膨胀四氟盘根，石棉盘根垫片系列：金属缠绕垫，金属包覆垫，金属齿形垫，四氟包覆垫片，碟簧垫片，石墨高强垫片，无石棉垫片，橡胶垫片等垫片产品板材系列：石墨板，四氟板，无石棉板，云母板，纤维板，橡胶板，石棉橡胶板密封设备：金属包覆机，中小型缠绕机，石墨开条机，钢带开条机，板材滚压机密封填料：塔填料，软填料等产品橡胶密封：橡胶件，O型圈，工具盒等产品密封工具：盘根工具，垫片切割器等密封专用工具。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。