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With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

He was made sole signatory on the FIFA grant account, and he celebrated his new job by flexing his fingers, unsheathing his pen and writing some serious cheques.

对于国际足联专款的帐户，他一手独揽。于是他伸出手指，拔出钢笔，签了一些煞有介事的支票来庆祝获得这个新差事。

Then Diomed prayed, saying, Hear me, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, if ever you loved my father well and stood by him in the thick of a fight, do the like now by me; grant me to come within a spear's throw of that man and kill him.

其时，呼啸战场的狄俄墨得斯亮开嗓门，高声作祷：听我说，阿特鲁托亲，带埃吉斯的宙斯的女儿，如果你过去曾经出于厚爱，站在家父一边，在那狂烈的搏杀中，那么，雅典娜，眼下就请你帮我实现我的企愿。

Yes, there will be crates that grant units different bonuses such as health, a boost in veterancy, and shroud clearing, among other things.

有，宝箱能给单位带来不同的好处，比如医疗，经验升级，开战雾，等等。

The WAC Programme was officially launched at the Third World Water Forum on 18 March 2003 and a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between ADB and UN-HABITAT on the same day in Osaka, Japan, committing $10 Million in grant for capacity building and follow-up investment loans of $500 Million to Asian Cities.

亚洲城市水项目于2003年3月18日在第三届世界水论坛上正式启动。

I have a government grant whick is enough for my keep.

我得到一笔足够我生活的政府拨款。

Now engaged to marry Sandra Bullock's ex-fiance Tate Donovan, Aniston counts among her former loves ER's Noah Wyle, actor Jonathan Silverman, co-star Matthew Perry and Grant Heslov, from True Lies.

在和布兰德·特出双入对的安尼斯顿曾经有很多恋人，他们包括《急诊室》里的诺亚怀尔、纳森·尔弗曼、修。佩里、真实的谎言》中的格兰特·斯洛夫。

Now engaged to marry Sandra Bullock's ex-fiance Tate Donovan, Aniston counts among her former loves ER's Noah Wyle, actor Jonathan Silverman, co-star Matthew Perry and Grant Heslov, from True Lies.

现在和布兰德·皮特出双入对的安尼斯顿曾经有很多恋人，他们包括《急诊室》里的诺亚怀尔、乔纳森·西尔弗曼、马修。佩里、《真实的谎言》中的格兰特·赫斯洛夫。

Now engaged to marry Sandra Bullock's ex-fiance Tate Donovan, Aniston counts among her former loves ER's Noah Wyle, actor Jonathan Silverman, co-star Matthew Perry and Grant Heslov, from True Lies.

现在和布兰德·皮特出双入对的安尼斯顿曾经有很多恋人，他们包括《急诊室》里的诺亚怀尔、乔纳森·西尔弗曼、马修。佩里、《真实的谎言》中的格兰特·赫斯洛夫。——这条过时

Now engaged to marry Sandra Bullock∝ s ex-fiance Tate Donovan, Aniston counts among her former loves ER∝ s Noah Wyle, actor Jonathan Silverman, co-star Matthew Perry and Grant Heslov, from True Lies.

现在和布兰德·特出双入对的安尼斯顿曾经有很多恋人，他们包括《急诊室》里的诺亚…怀尔、员乔纳森·尔弗曼、演钱德勒的佩里、真实的谎言》中的格兰特·斯洛夫以及桑德拉·洛克的前未婚夫泰特·诺万。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷