查询词典 graded

ZHOU Zhangjian（Laboratory of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy, USTBeijing, Beijing, 100083, China）Abstract:On the basis of analysisof developing background and theory of thermoelectric graded materials, p-type (Bi1-0.85Sb0.85)2Te3and PbTe two segments thermoelectrical graded materials with different barriers werefabricated by conventional hot-pressing process.

具有不同扩散势垒的p型(Bi1-0.85Sb0.85)2Te3和PbTe二元梯度热电材料的研制徐桂英葛昌纯高艳平周张健摘要：在分析了热电材料的发展背景和研究理论的基础上，采用热压法制备出单体和双层具有不同扩散势垒的(Bi1-0.85Sb0.85)2Te3与PbTe体系二元梯度热电材料。

There will be ungraded problems, one graded problem set, an in-class midterm exam, and a final research paper. Undergraduates and Graduates will be graded independently.

课堂上有不计分的问题讨论，一次计分的问题题组，还有一次期中考及期末报告（研究生和本科学生分开评分）。

Again, when it had 37,000 postings it had to be up-graded again, then as the MiSa Fains continued showing their deep love and achieved the 68,000 postings, it was up-graded once again.

然后，当贴子总数达到37000时，论坛被迫再次升级；而当帖子总数达到了68000时，论坛又不得不第三次升级了。

And more, ERK contents between group A and B, group C and D were not dramatically different. The pathological lesions indicated that intestinal tissue necrosis was severe in group C and D, which were graded 3 points, but obviously lessened in group A and B, which was graded 1 point, with ITF interfering. Conclusion: Intestinal inflammation was ameliorated after ITF was injected hypodermically or intraperitoneally.

结果：A、B组组织匀浆中ERK的面密度值各为87.68±19.24、82.65±21.35，较C、D组(30.23±7.79、30.74±8.19)明显升高(P＜0.01)，C、D组与E组(5.41±1.46)比较也有升高(P＜0.05)；并且随著ERK的激活伴随著明显的核转位。A、B组间及C、D组间ERK含量无显著差异(P＞0.05)；病理切片显示C、D组HE染色切片见肠壁损伤轻重不一，可见全肠粘膜绒毛坏死，病理评分的中位积分为3分；A、B组肠上皮细胞少量脱落，顶端绒毛坏死，病理评分的中位积分为1分。

The research mainly includes:(1) As for some existing problems in simplified graded-evaporation calculation anddescription of catchment impoundage, in the dissertation, taking Dahuofang Runoff Model foran example, the function of membership grade was used to fuzzily describe the evaporationand impoundage. It can solve parameter sensitivity resulted from original graded-evaporationcalculation and get a reasonable evaporation result.

主要研究内容和成果如下：(1)对产流模型中采用分级简化计算蒸发和流域蓄水容量描述存在的问题，以大伙房模型为例，首先利用隶属度函数对蒸发和蓄水容量进行模糊描述，解决了原分级计算导致蒸发参数敏感，蒸发量计算不合理的问题。

As comparing the equation of Gaussian beam in logarithmically storable nonlinear media with one of ordinary optical field in graded-refraction-index media,it's found that a graded-refraction-index will be induced itself when Gaussian beam passes through logarithmically saturable nonlinear media.

光学孤子的产生机理是光与物质之间的相互作用，当介质的非线性效应与光束的衍射效应相互平衡时，光束发生自陷，使得光束能够在空间传输很长一段距离，其横向尺寸不发生变化。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

It is considered that the experimental results coincide with the simulating results.The simplified graded inertia anode model is provided from the improvement of the first 2-D graded model. This model is made of cup-shape section, core bar and plugging compound. ANSYS FEM software is used to compute the distribution of the thermal stress in the model.

针对第一种二维梯度阳极模型存在的缺陷进行改进，设计了一种简化的梯度阳极模型，整个模型由外部杯状结构(NiFe_2O_4+Ni)、芯杆(1Cr12WMoV合金钢)、中间填充层(NiFe_2O_4+Cu)三部分组成，由于这三部分的热膨胀系数、弹性模量等物性参数是呈梯度缓慢过渡的，因此可以把这个模型看成是广义的梯度模型。

The secondary injury following graded ONIs is reflected by time course, survival ratio and loss ratio of RGCs and axons. The regeneration is observed by TEM and explored by immunohistochemical detection of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) by TEM and modified Glees silver impregnation on which the regeneration index is based to evaluate the regenerating ability following graded ONI.

利用视网膜节细胞和轴突计数的方法以及节细胞和轴突的存活率和丢失率观察不同程度视神经损伤后的继发损伤反应，利用透射电镜和GAP-43免疫电镜技术以及神经特殊染色技术观察损伤后的再生反应，并基于银染技术用再生指数衡量不同程度视神经损伤后神经再生能力。

Results show that after the second graded exercise CK, Mb and uro-3-MH discharge levels rose much less sharply and retumed to normal much faster as compared with thae after the first graded exercise. Muscle pain lessened.

结果显示：第二次练习的负荷递增方式为&阶梯式&，其练习后血清CK、Mb水平和尿3－MH排泄量的升高幅度明显低于第一次&斜坡式&练习后，且恢复较快，肌肉酸痛程度也有所降低。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。